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1.
Hoskins, Travis Justin Christopher.
Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions
of biomass derived aldehydes.
Degree: MS, Chemical Engineering, 2008, Georgia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29769 
► The Knoevenagel reaction was applied to form a carbon-carbon double bond between the aldehydes (HMF, furfual) and an alpha di-carbonyl compound. The alpha di-carbonyl compound…
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▼ The Knoevenagel reaction was applied to form a carbon-carbon double bond between the aldehydes (HMF, furfual) and an alpha di-carbonyl compound. The alpha di-carbonyl compound used was malonic acid, which can be bio-derived from glucose along fermentation routes. The effects of solvents (THF, water, ethanol, isopropanol, ethyl ether, toluene) and catalysts (e.g. homogeneous and heterogeneous amines, solid basic oxides) on the yields of alpha-beta unsaturated acids were investigated. It was found that the homogeneous amines worked well in THF solvent (90-100% conversion, 99% selectivity for furfural and HMF), while the poly(styrene) supported ethylenediamine gave a higher conversion and selectivity for HMF (65± 5%, 99% selectivity) over furfural (58 ± 7%, 99% selectivity). This trend was also present in competition reactions where both HMF and furfural were reacted in the same vessel. á-â Unsaturated mono-acids for both HMF and furfural were identified as minor side products. However, levulinic acid did not work as well under the conditions studied. Lastly, among the solvents studied, several caused precipitation of the Knoevenagel products.
Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. Christopher Jones (Committee Chair), Dr. Pradeep Agrawal (Committee Co-Chair), Dr. Sujit Banerjee (Committee Member), Dr. Tom Fuller (Committee Member).
Subjects/Keywords: HMF; Furfural; Knoevenagel; Biomass; Aldehydes; Biomass energy; Chemical bonds
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APA (6th Edition):
Hoskins, T. J. C. (2008). Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions
of biomass derived aldehydes. (Masters Thesis). Georgia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29769
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hoskins, Travis Justin Christopher. “Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions
of biomass derived aldehydes.” 2008. Masters Thesis, Georgia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29769.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hoskins, Travis Justin Christopher. “Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions
of biomass derived aldehydes.” 2008. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Hoskins TJC. Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions
of biomass derived aldehydes. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Georgia Tech; 2008. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29769.
Council of Science Editors:
Hoskins TJC. Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions
of biomass derived aldehydes. [Masters Thesis]. Georgia Tech; 2008. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29769
Georgia Tech
2.
Xue, Li.
Process Optimization of Dryers/Tenters in the Textile Industry.
Degree: MS, Chemical Engineering, 2004, Georgia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5066
► Textile dyeing and finishing industry uses dryers/tenters for drying and heat-setting fabrics. A very large fraction of the heating value of the fuel consumed in…
(more)
▼ Textile dyeing and finishing industry uses dryers/tenters for drying and heat-setting fabrics. A very large fraction of the heating value of the fuel consumed in the burner ends up as waste in the dryer exhaust. An initial calculation showed that up to 90% of the energy consumed in the tenter is wasted. Therefore, quantifying the energy waste and determining drying characteristics are vitally important to optimizing the tenter and dryer operations. This research developed a portable off-line gas chromatography-based characterization system to assess the excess energy consumption. For low-demanding heat-setting situations, energy savings can be realized quickly.
On the other hand, there are demanding situations where fabric drying represents the production bottleneck. The drying rate may be governed either by the rate of heat transport or by the rate of moisture transport. A mathematical model is being developed that incorporates both these processes. The model parameters are being obtained from bench-scale dryer studies in the laboratories. The model will be validated using production scale data. This will enable one to predict optimization dryer operation strategies.
Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. Pradeep Agrawal (Committee Chair), Dr. Larry Forney (Committee Member), Dr. Wallace Carr (Committee Member).
Subjects/Keywords: Dryers; Dyes and dyeing Energy consumption; Textile fabrics Drying Energy consumption; Carpets Drying Energy consumption
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APA (6th Edition):
Xue, L. (2004). Process Optimization of Dryers/Tenters in the Textile Industry. (Masters Thesis). Georgia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5066
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Xue, Li. “Process Optimization of Dryers/Tenters in the Textile Industry.” 2004. Masters Thesis, Georgia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5066.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Xue, Li. “Process Optimization of Dryers/Tenters in the Textile Industry.” 2004. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Xue L. Process Optimization of Dryers/Tenters in the Textile Industry. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Georgia Tech; 2004. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5066.
Council of Science Editors:
Xue L. Process Optimization of Dryers/Tenters in the Textile Industry. [Masters Thesis]. Georgia Tech; 2004. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/5066
Georgia Tech
3.
Richardson, John Michael.
Distinguishing between surface and solution catalysis for palladium catalyzed C-C coupling reactions: use of selective poisons.
Degree: PhD, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, 2008, Georgia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22704
► This work focuses on understanding the heterogeneous/homogeneous nature of the catalytic species for a variety of immobilized metal precatalysts used for C-C coupling reactions. These…
(more)
▼ This work focuses on understanding the heterogeneous/homogeneous nature of the catalytic species for a variety of immobilized metal precatalysts used for C-C coupling reactions. These precatalysts include: (i) tethered organometallic palladium pincer complexes, (ii) an encapsulated small molecule palladium complex in a polymer matrix, (iii) mercapto-modified mesoporous silica metalated with palladium acetate, and (iv) amino-functionalized mesoporous silicas metalated with Ni(II). As part of this investigation, the use of metal scavengers as selective poisons of homogeneous catalysis is introduced and investigated as a test for distinguishing heterogeneous from homogeneous catalysis. The premise of this test is that insoluble materials functionalized with metal binding sites can be used to selectively remove soluble metal, but will not interfere with catalysis from immobilized metal. In this way the test can definitely distinguish between surface and solution catalysis of immobilized metal precatalysts.
This work investigates three different C-C coupling reactions catalyzed by the immobilized metal precatalysts mentioned above. These reactions include the Heck, Suzuki, and Kumada reactions. In all cases it is found that catalysis is solely from leached metal. Three different metal scavenging materials are presented as selective poisons that can be used to determine solution vs. surface catalysis. These selective poisons include poly(vinylpyridine), QuadrapureTM TU, and thiol-functionalized mesoporous silica. The results are contrasted against the current understanding of this field of research and subtleties of tests for distinguishing homogeneous from heterogeneous catalysis are presented and discussed.
Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. Christopher W. Jones (Committee Chair), Dr. E. Kent Barefield (Committee Member), Dr. Marcus Weck (Committee Member), Dr. Pradeep Agrawal (Committee Member), Dr. Rachel Chen (Committee Member).
Subjects/Keywords: Palladium catalysis; Cross coupling reaction; Heterogeneous vs. homogeneous; Selective poisoning; Palladium catalysts; Heterogeneous catalysis; Catalysis; Catalyst poisoning
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APA (6th Edition):
Richardson, J. M. (2008). Distinguishing between surface and solution catalysis for palladium catalyzed C-C coupling reactions: use of selective poisons. (Doctoral Dissertation). Georgia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22704
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Richardson, John Michael. “Distinguishing between surface and solution catalysis for palladium catalyzed C-C coupling reactions: use of selective poisons.” 2008. Doctoral Dissertation, Georgia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22704.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Richardson, John Michael. “Distinguishing between surface and solution catalysis for palladium catalyzed C-C coupling reactions: use of selective poisons.” 2008. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Richardson JM. Distinguishing between surface and solution catalysis for palladium catalyzed C-C coupling reactions: use of selective poisons. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2008. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22704.
Council of Science Editors:
Richardson JM. Distinguishing between surface and solution catalysis for palladium catalyzed C-C coupling reactions: use of selective poisons. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2008. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22704
Georgia Tech
4.
Shiels, Rebecca Anne.
Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of silica and polymer supported catalysts for the production of fine chemicals.
Degree: PhD, Chemical Engineering, 2008, Georgia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29629
► Catalysis is an important field of study in chemical engineering and chemistry due to its application in a vast number of chemical transformations. Traditionally, catalysts…
(more)
▼ Catalysis is an important field of study in chemical engineering and chemistry due to its application in a vast number of chemical transformations. Traditionally, catalysts have been developed as homogeneous molecular species or as heterogeneous insoluble materials. While homogeneous catalysts are typically very active and selective, they are difficult to recover. Conversely, heterogeneous catalysts are easy to recover and reuse, but they generally are less selective. To address these issues, the immobilization of homogeneous catalyst analogs onto solid supports has been a subject of research for the past few decades. Nonetheless, the effects of immobilization are still not completely predictable, and so continued effort is required to develop new immobilized catalysts as well as to develop a better understanding of how different parameters affect catalytic behavior.
This dissertation presents the synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of new immobilized catalysts for different applications. First, a solid base catalyst supported on silica was developed and studied in the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and carbon dioxide. Next, polymer and silica supported vanadium Schiff base catalysts were developed and evaluated for use in the oxidative kinetic resolution of alpha-hydroxy esters, an enantioselective reaction. Lastly, salen catalyst analogs with amine reactive functional groups were synthesized and characterized for grafting onto aminosilicas with different degrees of amine group isolation. The grafted catalysts were then tested to determine how catalyst spacing on the surface affects their behavior. Throughout the presentation of these results, comparisons are made amongst the new supported catalysts and relevant existing catalysts to discern general trends which could be applied to a wider range of immobilized catalysts. Finally, research opportunities for further improvements in these areas are suggested.
Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. Christopher Jones (Committee Chair), Dr. Dennis Hess (Committee Member), Dr. Hang Lu (Committee Member), Dr. Marcus Weck (Committee Member), Dr. Pradeep Agrawal (Committee Member).
Subjects/Keywords: Immobilized catalyst; Hydrolytic kinetic resolution; Vanadium; Oxidative kinetic resolution; Cyclic carbonate; SBA-15; Salen; Silica; Catalysts; Catalysis; Schiff bases
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APA (6th Edition):
Shiels, R. A. (2008). Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of silica and polymer supported catalysts for the production of fine chemicals. (Doctoral Dissertation). Georgia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29629
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Shiels, Rebecca Anne. “Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of silica and polymer supported catalysts for the production of fine chemicals.” 2008. Doctoral Dissertation, Georgia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29629.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Shiels, Rebecca Anne. “Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of silica and polymer supported catalysts for the production of fine chemicals.” 2008. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Shiels RA. Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of silica and polymer supported catalysts for the production of fine chemicals. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2008. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29629.
Council of Science Editors:
Shiels RA. Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of silica and polymer supported catalysts for the production of fine chemicals. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2008. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29629
Georgia Tech
5.
Johnson, Ryan William.
Process Development for the Manufacture of an Integrated Dispenser Cathode Assembly Using Laser Chemical Vapor Deposition.
Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2004, Georgia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/6978
► Laser Chemical Vapor Deposition (LCVD) has been shown to have great potential for the manufacture of small, complex, two or three dimensional metal and ceramic…
(more)
▼ Laser Chemical Vapor Deposition (LCVD) has been shown to have great potential for the manufacture of small, complex, two or three dimensional metal and ceramic parts. One of the most promising applications of the technology is in the fabrication of an integrated dispenser cathode assembly. This application requires the deposition of a boron nitridemolybdenum composite structure. In order to realize this structure, work was done to improve the control and understanding of the LCVD process and to determine experimental conditions conducive to the growth of the required materials. A series of carbon fiber and line deposition studies were used to characterize processshape relationships and study the kinetics of carbon LCVD. These studies provided a foundation for the fabrication of the first high aspect ratio multilayered LCVD wall structures. The kinetics studies enabled the formulation of an advanced computational model in the FLUENT CFD package for studying energy transport, mass and momentum transport, and species transport within a forced flow LCVD environment. The model was applied to two different material systems and used to quantify deposition rates and identify ratelimiting regimes. A computational thermalstructural model was also developed using the ANSYS software package to study the thermal stress state within an LCVD deposit during growth.
Georgia Techs LCVD system was modified and used to characterize both boron nitride and molybdenum deposition independently. The focus was on understanding the relations among process parameters and deposit shape. Boron nitride was deposited using a B3N3H6-N2 mixture and growth was characterized by sporadic nucleation followed by rapid bulk growth. Molybdenum was deposited from the MoCl5-H2 system and showed slow, but stable growth. Each material was used to grow both fibers and lines. The fabrication of a boron nitridemolybdenum composite was also demonstrated. In sum, this work served to both advance the general science of Laser Chemical Vapor Deposition and to elucidate the practicality of fabricating ceramicmetal composites using the process.
Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. W. Jack Lackey (Committee Chair), Dr. Andrei Fedorov (Committee Member), Dr. David Rosen (Committee Member), Dr. Pradeep Agrawal (Committee Member), Dr. Suresh Sitaraman (Committee Member), Dr. Thomas Starr (Committee Member).
Subjects/Keywords: CFD modeling; Thermal model; Structural model; Mass transport; Carbon; Molybdenum; Boron nitride; LCVD; Laser chemical vapor deposition; Lasers; Cathodes Design and construction; Chemical vapor deposition
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APA (6th Edition):
Johnson, R. W. (2004). Process Development for the Manufacture of an Integrated Dispenser Cathode Assembly Using Laser Chemical Vapor Deposition. (Doctoral Dissertation). Georgia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1853/6978
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Johnson, Ryan William. “Process Development for the Manufacture of an Integrated Dispenser Cathode Assembly Using Laser Chemical Vapor Deposition.” 2004. Doctoral Dissertation, Georgia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1853/6978.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Johnson, Ryan William. “Process Development for the Manufacture of an Integrated Dispenser Cathode Assembly Using Laser Chemical Vapor Deposition.” 2004. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Johnson RW. Process Development for the Manufacture of an Integrated Dispenser Cathode Assembly Using Laser Chemical Vapor Deposition. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2004. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/6978.
Council of Science Editors:
Johnson RW. Process Development for the Manufacture of an Integrated Dispenser Cathode Assembly Using Laser Chemical Vapor Deposition. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2004. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/6978
Georgia Tech
6.
Bhandari, Dhaval Ajit.
Hollow fiber sorbents for the desulfurization of pipeline natural gas.
Degree: PhD, Chemical Engineering, 2010, Georgia Tech
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42838
► Pipeline natural gas is the primary fuel of choice for distributed fuel cell-based applications. The concentration of sulfur in odorized natural gas is about 30…
(more)
▼ Pipeline natural gas is the primary fuel of choice for distributed fuel cell-based applications. The concentration of sulfur in odorized natural gas is about 30 ppm, with acceptable levels being <1 ppm for catalyst stability in such applications. Packed bed technology for desulfurization suffers from several disadvantages including high pressure drop and slow regeneration rates that require large unit sizes.
We describe a novel Rapid Temperature Swing Adsorption (RTSA) system utilizing hollow fibers with polymer 'binder', impregnated with high loadings of sulfur selective sorbent 'fillers'. Steam and cooling water can be utilized to thermally swing the sorbent during the regeneration cycles. An impermeable, thin polymer barrier layer on the outside of fiber sorbents allows only thermal interactions with the regeneration media, thereby promoting consistent sorption capacity over repeated cycles. A simplified flow pattern minimizes pressure drop, porous core morphology maximizes sorption efficiencies, while small fiber dimensions allows for rapid thermal cycles.
Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. William J. Koros (Committee Chair), Dr. Christopher Jones (Committee Member), Dr. James Stevens (Committee Member), Dr. Pradeep Agrawal (Committee Member), Dr. Ronald Rousseau (Committee Member), Dr. Satish Kumar (Committee Member).
Subjects/Keywords: Membranes; Natural gas; Separations; Porous media; Zeolites; Desulfurization; Adsorbents; Sorbents; Adsorption; Separation (Technology); Porous materials
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Bhandari, D. A. (2010). Hollow fiber sorbents for the desulfurization of pipeline natural gas. (Doctoral Dissertation). Georgia Tech. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42838
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Bhandari, Dhaval Ajit. “Hollow fiber sorbents for the desulfurization of pipeline natural gas.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, Georgia Tech. Accessed March 04, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42838.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Bhandari, Dhaval Ajit. “Hollow fiber sorbents for the desulfurization of pipeline natural gas.” 2010. Web. 04 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Bhandari DA. Hollow fiber sorbents for the desulfurization of pipeline natural gas. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2010. [cited 2021 Mar 04].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42838.
Council of Science Editors:
Bhandari DA. Hollow fiber sorbents for the desulfurization of pipeline natural gas. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Georgia Tech; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42838
. 
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