+publisher:"Freie Universität Berlin" +contributor:("Univ.-Prof. Dr. G. Hildebrandt")

Freie Universität Berlin

1. Kyselova, Vera. Model study on the behaviour of Salmonella Typhimurium on meat surfaces at different temperature/ time- conditions and in consideration of the competitive flora.

Degree: 2010, Freie Universität Berlin

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-7103

► According to Regulation (EC) No. 853/2004 meat must be chilled immediately after slaughter to a temperature throughout the meat of not more than 7°C. To… (more)

▼ According to Regulation (EC) No. 853/2004 meat must be chilled immediately after slaughter to a temperature throughout the meat of not more than 7°C. To find out the effects of different temperature/ time- combinations on the bacterial flora on meat surfaces, meat surfaces were inoculated with Salmonella and a known accompanying flora of Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis and incubated with 12 different temperature/ time- combinations (30°C and 15°C for 2 h and 6 h, 10°C and 7°C for 2 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h, respectively). The aim of this study was to discover if the accompanying flora is able to suppress Salmonella under certain circumstances. Two bacterial mixtures with different Salmonella- concentrations were prepared: \- Salmonella in low concentration compared to the accompanying flora \- Salmonella in high concentration compared to the accompanying flora The surface of M. longissimus dorsi of chilled pig carcasses was used for the tests. After inoculation (in each case 20 cm2) with the respective bacterial mixtures the samples were stored at the mentioned temperature and time- combinations. Afterwards the total bacterial counts and Salmonella detection were performed qualitatively and quantitatively. Totally 432 meat surfaces were inoculated and evaluated. The quantitative Salmonella detection was performed with a modified MPN- procedure. Salmonella was found in all temperature/ time- combinations with low as well as with high Salmonella concentrations. Salmonella in low concentration: overall Salmonella was detected in 85 out of 216 surface samples. The quantitative results (means) showed a lower growth rate at 10°C compared to the growth rate at 30°C, 15°C and 7°C. Salmonella in high concentration: qualitative analysis showed positive Salmonella detection in 212 out of 216 surface samples, independently of temperature and time. The accompanying flora had no negative effects on the Salmonella growth. With low as well as high Salmonella concentrations Salmonella was detected at all temperature and time combinations, even at low temperatures (7°C, 10°C) Salmonella detection was positive. After incubation at higher temperatures the bacterial flora on the meat surface was reduced, which indicated on a psychro- adaptive accompanying flora. The results show that none of the tested temperatures were able to suppress Salmonella. Advisors/Committee Members: n (gender), Prof.%20Dr.%20R.%20Fries%22%29&pagesize-30">Univ.-Prof. Dr. R. Fries (firstReferee), Prof.%20Dr.%20G.%20Hildebrandt%22%29&pagesize-30">Univ.-Prof. Dr. G. Hildebrandt (furtherReferee), Prof.%20Dr.%20L.%20H.%20Wieler%22%29&pagesize-30">Univ.-Prof. Dr. L. H. Wieler (furtherReferee).

Subjects/Keywords: meat hygiene; psychrotrophic bacteria; Salmonella Typhimurium; Staphylococcus aureus; Bacillus subtilis; microbial contamination; temperature; cooling; sampling; bacterial count; 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kyselova, V. (2010). Model study on the behaviour of Salmonella Typhimurium on meat surfaces at different temperature/ time- conditions and in consideration of the competitive flora. (Thesis). Freie Universität Berlin. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-7103

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kyselova, Vera. “Model study on the behaviour of Salmonella Typhimurium on meat surfaces at different temperature/ time- conditions and in consideration of the competitive flora.” 2010. Thesis, Freie Universität Berlin. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-7103.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kyselova, Vera. “Model study on the behaviour of Salmonella Typhimurium on meat surfaces at different temperature/ time- conditions and in consideration of the competitive flora.” 2010. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Kyselova V. Model study on the behaviour of Salmonella Typhimurium on meat surfaces at different temperature/ time- conditions and in consideration of the competitive flora. [Internet] [Thesis]. Freie Universität Berlin; 2010. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-7103.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kyselova V. Model study on the behaviour of Salmonella Typhimurium on meat surfaces at different temperature/ time- conditions and in consideration of the competitive flora. [Thesis]. Freie Universität Berlin; 2010. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-7103

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Freie Universität Berlin

2. Wiebe, Christian Günter. Incidence and spread of Bacillus cereus in a milk powder plant as determined by phenotypic and molecular typing of isolated strains.

Degree: 1999, Freie Universität Berlin

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-10721

► Bacillus (B.) cereus is as well a pathogenic as a spoilage microorganism. This is due to its toxinogenic properties and its highly active metabolism characterized… (more)

▼ Bacillus (B.) cereus is as well a pathogenic as a spoilage microorganism. This is due to its toxinogenic properties and its highly active metabolism characterized by a formation of many extracellular enzymes. Accordingly the occurrence of B. cereus in milk powder and subsequently produced baby food is to be judged with respect to the protection of consumers and, in adition, with respect to quality assurance. The aim of the work presented was to collect data on phenotypical and molecular characteristics of the organism to perform a risk consideration with regard to consumers protection and to implement a hygiene management system in a milk powder plant. Between 1994 and 1998, 1365 milk powder samples and 215 environmental samples were examined for the presence of B. cereus. From milk powder 146 (11 % of the examined samples contained B. cereus) and from the envionment of the production unit 183 (85 % of the examined samples contained B. cereus) strains were isolated. Phenotypical characterization was performed using conventional bacteriological methods. Toxin formation was examined with a commercial test kit (Tecra-ELISA) and a cytotoxicity assay using VERO-cells. For molecular characterization RAPD-PCR (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) was applied. Resuts of RAPD-PCR were used to distinguish between strains from milk powder and from the environment and to clarify wether these strains belong to an inhouse flora or enter the plant via the raw milk. A cluster analysis of both groups of strains did not show similarities between the strains indicating that there is no inhouse flora of B. cereus present. The input of the organsim with raw milk is estimated to be less than 1 spore/ml. According to the result of Tecra-ELISA , a 45 k Da-component of the non- hemolytic toxin was produced by 97.9 % of all strains. Cytotoxicity was measured by release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). 58.4 % of the strains were positive in the cytotoxicity assay. All strains positive with this assay were positive with the ELISA as well. Using the data collected, a risk consideration for the ccurrence of B. cereus in milk powder leads to a safty limit of 10 spores/g powder.Theis will not be exceeded in an optimized production process, however, due to the input via raw milk it will not be reduced as well. In addition, the application of this limit takes into consideration a possible multiplication of the organism during subsequent processing and handling by the consumer. The education of consumers should aim on a proper risk communication about aerobic spore formers and also make clear that risk due to this organisms cannot be completely avoided in milk powder. Advisors/Committee Members: n (gender), Univ.- Prof. Dr. W. Heeschen (firstReferee), Univ.- Prof. Dr. G. Hildebrandt (furtherReferee).

Subjects/Keywords: Bacillus cereus; Milchpulver; PCR; Molekularbiologie; Hygienesicherungskonzept; HACCP; 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Wiebe, C. G. (1999). Incidence and spread of Bacillus cereus in a milk powder plant as determined by phenotypic and molecular typing of isolated strains. (Thesis). Freie Universität Berlin. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-10721

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wiebe, Christian Günter. “Incidence and spread of Bacillus cereus in a milk powder plant as determined by phenotypic and molecular typing of isolated strains.” 1999. Thesis, Freie Universität Berlin. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-10721.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wiebe, Christian Günter. “Incidence and spread of Bacillus cereus in a milk powder plant as determined by phenotypic and molecular typing of isolated strains.” 1999. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Wiebe CG. Incidence and spread of Bacillus cereus in a milk powder plant as determined by phenotypic and molecular typing of isolated strains. [Internet] [Thesis]. Freie Universität Berlin; 1999. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-10721.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Wiebe CG. Incidence and spread of Bacillus cereus in a milk powder plant as determined by phenotypic and molecular typing of isolated strains. [Thesis]. Freie Universität Berlin; 1999. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-10721

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Freie Universität Berlin

3. Richter, Petra. Isolation and identification glycopeptid-resistant enterococcus species.

Degree: 1999, Freie Universität Berlin

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-10189

► In the field of human medicine in recent years, several strains of the enterococcus species have been gaining significance as facultative pathogenic agents. While as… (more)

▼ In the field of human medicine in recent years, several strains of the enterococcus species have been gaining significance as facultative pathogenic agents. While as recently as 10 years ago enterococci did not figure as nosocomial septic agents, today they are held responsible for some fifth of all general septic infections. This rise is attributable above all to the special capability of these agents to develop resistance to substances with anti-microbial effects. Studies of these agents describe their natural powers of resistance to cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, polymyxins and macrolidantibiotics, acquired powers of resistance to tetracyclines, chloramphenicol and glycopeptides, and merely moderate sensitivity to chinolones. An associated effect in intensive medicine is the current failure of reserve antibiotics such as vancomycin and teicoplanin. This high degree of insensitivity to glycopeptides is characterized by the presence of the high-level resistance gene VanA. With transposones, this high- level resistance demonstrates a transferrable resistance with an MHK of more than 256 µg/ml; the same level of inducible resistance is achieved with vancomycin and teicoplanin. The target of the study was to demonstrate the incidence and resistance behaviour of vanycomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), as well as the connections between powers of resistance to glycopeptide and the deployment of Avoparcin in livestock production. Avoparcin is likewise a glycopeptide; it was used in livestock breeding as performance booster and has a structural formula similar to that of Teicoplanine and Vancomycin. Since January 1996, however, the usage of Avoparcin has been outlawed due to the fact that it must be assumed that cross-over resistances can develop and lead to the creation of a resistance pool. The samples examined are derived from poultry-breeding operations. In order to investigate the potential links described above, enterprises with different operating forms were chosen. These were conventional poultry farms, on the one hand, i.e. large-scale operations which potentially deployed Avoparcin (until its prohibition) as feed additive, and on the other hand ecological operations, i.e. small-scale farms raising livestock without medicinal additives to fodder. To collect data on as wide a spectrum as possible, samples were taken from the following areas: poultry house, slaughterhouse, and carcass. 223 samples were taken from the various areas, and 281 VRE strains were isolated. Initially, the species was identified in line with culture- morphological, biochemical and serological criteria. Once this was done, the glycopeptide sensitivity was tested by means of the microdilution method. The VanA gene of selected isolates (n=48) was proven by means of PCR. The selection criteria were origin, form of livestock holding, and resistance behaviour. A horizontal polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis was conducted on the basis of these isolates. The gels were analyzed with a cluster analysis furnished by the software progam… Advisors/Committee Members: n (gender), Prof.%20Dr.%20G.%20Hildebrandt%22%29&pagesize-30">Univ.-Prof. Dr. G. Hildebrandt (firstReferee), Prof.%20Dr.%20M.%20Hafez%22%29&pagesize-30">Univ.-Prof. Dr. M. Hafez (furtherReferee).

Subjects/Keywords: Enterococcus; poultry; drug-resistance; glycopeptides;

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Richter, P. (1999). Isolation and identification glycopeptid-resistant enterococcus species. (Thesis). Freie Universität Berlin. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-10189

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Richter, Petra. “Isolation and identification glycopeptid-resistant enterococcus species.” 1999. Thesis, Freie Universität Berlin. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-10189.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Richter, Petra. “Isolation and identification glycopeptid-resistant enterococcus species.” 1999. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Richter P. Isolation and identification glycopeptid-resistant enterococcus species. [Internet] [Thesis]. Freie Universität Berlin; 1999. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-10189.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Richter P. Isolation and identification glycopeptid-resistant enterococcus species. [Thesis]. Freie Universität Berlin; 1999. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-10189

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Freie Universität Berlin

4. Coenen, Claudia. A contribution to the bacteriological and hygienic risk assessment of raw milk and raw milk products from farm marketing with emphasis on pathogenic bacteria.

Degree: 1999, Freie Universität Berlin

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-12463

► During the last years farm marketing has significantly increased. The present study deals with the bacteriological-hygienic quality, particularly with pathogenic microorganisms of raw milk and… (more)

▼ During the last years farm marketing has significantly increased. The present study deals with the bacteriological-hygienic quality, particularly with pathogenic microorganisms of raw milk and raw milk products from farm marketing. 709 samples of raw milk and raw milk products were collected nationwide. Certified milk (a kind of raw certified grade A milk), ex-farm milk, raw milk cheeses (soft cheese, semihard and hard cheese) and other products made of raw milk underwent quality checks for Listeria monocytogenes (L. mono-cyto-genes), Bacillus cereus (B. cereus), Verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC), Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni). Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Escherichia coli (E. coli) and coliforms, which were valuated as hygienic pa-rameters according to the milk regulations 1995 (Milk Ordinance ?95), were checked. The total bacterial count (TBC) and somatic cells of certified milk and raw milk were deter-mined. Pursuant to the Milk Ordinance ?95 raw milk cheese was investigated for staphylo-coccal enterotoxins. 35 strains of B. cereus isolated from raw milk and raw milk products were examined for cytotoxicity. 21 raw milk products were examined for heat-stable (ST) and heat-labile enterotoxin (LT). 12 of 74 bulk milk samples from farms producing certified milk contained L. mono-cytogenes. However, all the 12 L. monocytogenes positive samples came from one and the same farm of the 35 farms producing certified milk. The fact that the certified milk of this farm was sold over a longer period gives cause for concern. 54 % of the samples contained S. aureus, 59,5 % E. coli and 87,8 % coliforms. In 17 % or 22 % of the cases, the counts of S. aureus or coliforms exceeded the threshold value "M" stipulated in the Milk Ordinance. 10 % of 149 bulk milk samples from farms selling raw milk were contaminated with L. mo-no-cytogenes, 8 % with B. cereus, 0,7 % each with VTEC and C. jejuni as well as 47 % with S. aureus. More than 80 % of the samples contained E. coli and coliforms. In 22,8 % and in more than 80 % of 35 raw milk fresh cheese samples respectively S. aureus or E. coli as well as coliforms could be detected. In 2,2 % of the samples from 89 raw milk soft cheeses L. monocytogenes was isolated. 5,6 % contained B. cereus and 2,4 % VTEC. In 28,1 % or in over 90 % of these products respectively S. aureus or E. coli as well as coliforms were detected. 2,0 % of the 245 semihard and hard cheese samples were contaminated with L. monocytogenes, 15,1 % with B. cereus and 1,4 % with VTEC. 31,4 % or more than 90 % of the samples respectively contained S. aureus or E. coli and coliforms. All the VTEC serotypes in the present study have already been isolated in connection with human diseases. Neither LT-, ST-enterotoxins nor S. aureus toxins could be detected in the subsequently analyzed products. 71,4 % of the 35 analyzed B. cereus strains showed cytotoxic activity. The results of the present study show that part of the raw milk and raw milk products from farm marketing offered… Advisors/Committee Members: n (gender), Univ.- Prof. Dr. Walther Heeschen (firstReferee), Univ.- Prof. Dr. G. Hildebrandt (furtherReferee).

Subjects/Keywords: raw milk; raw milk products; farm marketing; pathogenic bacteria; 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Coenen, C. (1999). A contribution to the bacteriological and hygienic risk assessment of raw milk and raw milk products from farm marketing with emphasis on pathogenic bacteria. (Thesis). Freie Universität Berlin. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-12463

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Coenen, Claudia. “A contribution to the bacteriological and hygienic risk assessment of raw milk and raw milk products from farm marketing with emphasis on pathogenic bacteria.” 1999. Thesis, Freie Universität Berlin. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-12463.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Coenen, Claudia. “A contribution to the bacteriological and hygienic risk assessment of raw milk and raw milk products from farm marketing with emphasis on pathogenic bacteria.” 1999. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Coenen C. A contribution to the bacteriological and hygienic risk assessment of raw milk and raw milk products from farm marketing with emphasis on pathogenic bacteria. [Internet] [Thesis]. Freie Universität Berlin; 1999. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-12463.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Coenen C. A contribution to the bacteriological and hygienic risk assessment of raw milk and raw milk products from farm marketing with emphasis on pathogenic bacteria. [Thesis]. Freie Universität Berlin; 1999. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-12463

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Freie Universität Berlin

5. Einschütz, Kathrin. Examination of the effectiveness of different techniques to reduce contamination on hand-held units in meat processing.

Degree: 2004, Freie Universität Berlin

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-14287

► According to the German Regulation on Meat Inspection and Meat Hygiene (Fleischhygieneverordnung) a temperature of 82 °C or another appropriate measure is mandatory for cleaning… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: on-line sanitiser; cleaning and disinfection; knives; ultrasound; lactic acid; 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Einschütz, K. (2004). Examination of the effectiveness of different techniques to reduce contamination on hand-held units in meat processing. (Thesis). Freie Universität Berlin. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-14287

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Einschütz, Kathrin. “Examination of the effectiveness of different techniques to reduce contamination on hand-held units in meat processing.” 2004. Thesis, Freie Universität Berlin. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-14287.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Einschütz, Kathrin. “Examination of the effectiveness of different techniques to reduce contamination on hand-held units in meat processing.” 2004. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Einschütz K. Examination of the effectiveness of different techniques to reduce contamination on hand-held units in meat processing. [Internet] [Thesis]. Freie Universität Berlin; 2004. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-14287.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Einschütz K. Examination of the effectiveness of different techniques to reduce contamination on hand-held units in meat processing. [Thesis]. Freie Universität Berlin; 2004. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-14287

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Freie Universität Berlin

6. Henning, Julia. Development of an internet-based information system on BSE to present current topics of veterinary medicine on the internet.

Degree: 2002, Freie Universität Berlin

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-8492

► It was the objective of this project, to evaluate a methodology of presenting current topics and developments of veterinary medicine on the internet, using the… (more)

▼ It was the objective of this project, to evaluate a methodology of presenting current topics and developments of veterinary medicine on the internet, using the example of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE). The focus of the internet-based BSE-information system was on the interests and needs of German veterinarians and veterinary students. Also the system was supposed to be very user friendly. For the user, the internet provides access to current information and knowledge independent of time and place. In the hypertext different levels of information can be chosen from a great variety of information. This is achieved by a hierarchic organization of the contents that can be used via the navigation system. Furthermore the hypertext offers direct links to further sources of information in the literature and on other websites, respectively. Information on the internet can be updated at any time. Therefore the information system could keep up with the rapid development of the BSE crisis. The system provided veterinarians with information on etiology, epidemiology, clinical features and measures for control and eradication of the disease. It also provided information on links between the new variant of Creutzfeldt- Jakob-Disease (nvCJD, vCJD, vCJK) and BSE and regulations instituted for consumer protection. It was the aim to enable the target group to analyse the facts and to decide whether the public concerns that rose from the detection of the first BSE cases in Germany had a scientific basis or were just created by the mass media. This thesis describes the current mass media, their function and their importance in creating opinions in the public. It focuses on the role the utilization and the various opportunities that the internet offers as a medium of communication for veterinarians. The advantages and disadvantages of the internet as a medium for scientific publication are discussed and guidelines for the design of websites and online texts are given. Particularly problems concerning copyright, quality and consistency of the information given in the internet are addressed. The process of planning and producing the information system is described and deviations of the original system to the needs of a BSE-information system are presented and explained. Changes and compromises concerning structure and design were necessary to integrate the system into the internet portal Vetion®.de as the consistency, uniformity and userfriendlyness of the portal had to be assured. Advisors/Committee Members: n (gender), Prof.%20Dr.%20W.%20Heuwieser%22%29&pagesize-30">Univ.-Prof. Dr. W. Heuwieser (firstReferee), Prof.%20Dr.%20G.%20Hildebrandt%22%29&pagesize-30">Univ.-Prof. Dr. G. Hildebrandt (furtherReferee), Univ.- Prof. Dr. H. Martens (furtherReferee).

Subjects/Keywords: bovine spongiform encephalopathy; internet; consumer protection; veterinary medicine; 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Henning, J. (2002). Development of an internet-based information system on BSE to present current topics of veterinary medicine on the internet. (Thesis). Freie Universität Berlin. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-8492

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Henning, Julia. “Development of an internet-based information system on BSE to present current topics of veterinary medicine on the internet.” 2002. Thesis, Freie Universität Berlin. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-8492.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Henning, Julia. “Development of an internet-based information system on BSE to present current topics of veterinary medicine on the internet.” 2002. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Henning J. Development of an internet-based information system on BSE to present current topics of veterinary medicine on the internet. [Internet] [Thesis]. Freie Universität Berlin; 2002. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-8492.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Henning J. Development of an internet-based information system on BSE to present current topics of veterinary medicine on the internet. [Thesis]. Freie Universität Berlin; 2002. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-8492

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Freie Universität Berlin

7. Schmidt, Sandra. Development of a blended-learning-course and studies concerning acceptance and integration into veterinary medical education.

Degree: 2007, Freie Universität Berlin

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-8959

► Universities are facing new problems because of the current enormous growth of knowledge and increasing requirements in veterinary medical education. Next to basic education the… (more)

▼ Universities are facing new problems because of the current enormous growth of knowledge and increasing requirements in veterinary medical education. Next to basic education the veterinary medical educational institutions are requested to enable specialization to students and to provide postgraduate education. For this there is a search for new ways of knowledge transfer. In connection with academic education, e-learning is of increasing importance. The objective of this project was design and development of e-learning materials and their use in university courses. Acceptance of e-learning and its possibilities of integration into the veterinary medical education was evaluated. As an example the course Basics of naturopathic treatment was developed into the form of a blended-learning course. The weekly ex-cathedra teaching was supplemented by e-learning materials. The interactive materials served as preparation and post-processing, as well as for absorption of the contents of the course. The students should be given the possibility to deal with the contents not depending on any given time and at their own chosen speed. The course was offered to students from the 5th to 8th term of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the Freie Universität Berlin. For creation and management of the e-learning materials the Learning-Management-System Blackboard (Blackboard ® Inc.) was used. This system allowed besides course management and supply of communication tools the integration of different formats into a virtual learning environment. The e-learning materials could then be accessed via the internet. In order to evaluate the method of e-learning and the offered course, two questionnaires were created, one was handed out at the start of the course; whilst the other was handed out at the end of the course. The students considered e-learning a reasonable supplement to conventional teaching methods and enjoyed using it. E-Learning was judged as being suitable for the learning, from basic methods to full expertise. It was valued as better than lectures but not as good as textbooks. The students were generally open-minded about the new teaching methods and approved the wider use of e-learning in academic education. In the future it is intended to create more courses and to offer this course in form of a pure e-learning course. Furthermore the collaboration with other universities will be intensified. Advisors/Committee Members: n (gender), Prof.%20Dr.%20W.%20Heuwieser%22%29&pagesize-30">Univ.-Prof. Dr. W. Heuwieser (firstReferee), Prof.%20Dr.%20R.%20Fries%22%29&pagesize-30">Univ.-Prof. Dr. R. Fries (furtherReferee), Prof.%20Dr.%20G.%20Hildebrandt%22%29&pagesize-30">Univ.-Prof. Dr. G. Hildebrandt (furtherReferee).

Subjects/Keywords: e-learning; veterinary education; programmed learning, veterinary education; computers-; internet; 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

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APA (6^th Edition):

Schmidt, S. (2007). Development of a blended-learning-course and studies concerning acceptance and integration into veterinary medical education. (Thesis). Freie Universität Berlin. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-8959

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Schmidt, Sandra. “Development of a blended-learning-course and studies concerning acceptance and integration into veterinary medical education.” 2007. Thesis, Freie Universität Berlin. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-8959.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Schmidt, Sandra. “Development of a blended-learning-course and studies concerning acceptance and integration into veterinary medical education.” 2007. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Schmidt S. Development of a blended-learning-course and studies concerning acceptance and integration into veterinary medical education. [Internet] [Thesis]. Freie Universität Berlin; 2007. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-8959.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Schmidt S. Development of a blended-learning-course and studies concerning acceptance and integration into veterinary medical education. [Thesis]. Freie Universität Berlin; 2007. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-8959

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Freie Universität Berlin

8. Kersting, Stefan. Treatment of chronic endometritis with proteolytic enzymes.

Degree: 2007, Freie Universität Berlin

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-6402

► The object of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a treatment of chronic endometritis with proteolytic enzymes (Masti Veyxym®). The field trial was… (more)

▼ The object of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a treatment of chronic endometritis with proteolytic enzymes (Masti Veyxym®). The field trial was conducted on two commercial dairy farms in the region of Brandenburg, Germany, with approximatly 750 animals. All cows received a first post partum check (PPC 1) by rectal palpation of the uterus between 21 and 27 days in milk (DIM). Animals on farm A that did not show vaginal discharge as a sign for chronic endometritis were additionally examined by vaginoscopy. Dairy cows with pathological discharge or enlarged uterus were as enroled in the study and were randomly assigned to one out of three treatment groups according to their identification number. In group "enzymes" cows received an intrauterine treatment with 20 ml of a solve containing proteolytic enzymes (Masti Veyxym®, Veyx-Pharma GmbH, Schwarzenborn, Germany). In group "PGF 2α" animals received an intramuscular injection of 0,5 mg Cloprostenol (PGF Veyx forte®, Veyx- Pharma GmbH, Schwarzenborn, Germany). In group "matrix" cows received an intrauterine application of the matrix containing no enzymes (20 ml, Veyx- Pharma GmbH, Schwarzenborn, Germany). In all cows a second post partum check (PPC 2) was performed between 35 and 41 DIM using rectal palpation and vaginoscopy. Cows were treated a second time irrespectively of the gynocological examination. A total of 1422 cows were examined and 583 of them (41,0 %) showed signs of chronic endometritis. Out of these 566 were evaluated in the study. With regard to clinical cure rate there was no significant difference between the three treatment groups. Group "PGF 2α" achieved the highest clinical cure rate on farm A. Regarding the reproductive performance there were no significant differences between farm A and B and between the three treatment groups. Farm B showed a generally higher reproductive performance. There was a significant positive effect concerning the first service rate (OR = 2,26) and days open (HR = 1,25) for dairy cows on farm B. Multiparous cows showed a significantly lower odds for pregnancy (OR = 0,57). In addition, there was a significant higher chance for primiparous cows for an earlier first (HR = 0, 83) and successfull insemination (HR = 0,69) compared to multiparous cows. These results showed out that other factors than treatment group, i.e.patity and farm play an important role concerning clinical cure rate and reproductive performance. Factors like reproduction management, hygiene and nutrititon on farms seem to have a great impact on aetiopathology and reproductive performance of cows with endometritis. Advisors/Committee Members: n (gender), Prof.%20Dr.%20W.%20Heuwieser%22%29&pagesize-30">Univ.-Prof. Dr. W. Heuwieser (firstReferee), Prof.%20Dr.%20H.%20Bollwein%22%29&pagesize-30">Univ.-Prof. Dr. H. Bollwein (furtherReferee), Prof.%20Dr.%20G.%20Hildebrandt%22%29&pagesize-30">Univ.-Prof. Dr. G. Hildebrandt (furtherReferee).

Subjects/Keywords: Chronic endometritis; prostaglandin F2α;

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Kersting, S. (2007). Treatment of chronic endometritis with proteolytic enzymes. (Thesis). Freie Universität Berlin. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-6402

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kersting, Stefan. “Treatment of chronic endometritis with proteolytic enzymes.” 2007. Thesis, Freie Universität Berlin. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-6402.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kersting, Stefan. “Treatment of chronic endometritis with proteolytic enzymes.” 2007. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Kersting S. Treatment of chronic endometritis with proteolytic enzymes. [Internet] [Thesis]. Freie Universität Berlin; 2007. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-6402.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kersting S. Treatment of chronic endometritis with proteolytic enzymes. [Thesis]. Freie Universität Berlin; 2007. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-6402

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Freie Universität Berlin

9. Sabrowski, Annemarie. Quality changes in smoked vacuum-packed trout fillets during storage.

Degree: 2000, Freie Universität Berlin

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-5227

► Smoked vacuum-packed trout fillets have won importance in the market over the last few years, especially because of the increasing production in aqua cultures. According… (more)

▼ Smoked vacuum-packed trout fillets have won importance in the market over the last few years, especially because of the increasing production in aqua cultures. According to the fish regulations (Fischhygiene-Verordnung 1994) fish processing facturies have to establish the principles of the HACCP-system for this potentially hazardous product. Similar control-plans were laid down also for the food trade in the ordinance about food hygiene (Lebensmittelhygiene-Verordnung 1997). Here, the most important control point is the maintenance of the cold chain according to the declared temperature in order to control the multiplying of spoiling bacteria and pathogenous microorganisms. The aim of the thesis was to estimate the hazard of insufficient cold storage. First, this study determines the hygienic state of smoked vacuum-packed trout fillets that were taken from fish processing plants, wholesale trade and retail markets. Then, the storage temperatures in chilled cabinets of food handling establishments were controlled by long-term measurements. Afterwards, challenge tests were carried out in order to assess the influence of different temperature conditions on the product quality and shelf life. The hazard caused by growth of L. monocytogenes and toxin production of Cl. botlinum was discussed. The results are summarized as follows: 1.) The median for the total aerobic bacterial count of 28 samples taken in fish processing plants was log 3,10 cfu/g. The market anlysis of 44 samples bought in wholesale trade and 76 samples bought in retail shops showed a median of log 6,38 cfu/g (wholesale) and log 6,80 cfu/g (retail) for the total count. The predominant spoilage bacteria belonged to the group of lactic acid bacteria and Pseudomonas spp., followed by coliform bacteria and yeasts. 2.) L. monocytogenes was isolated in 43 (31 %) smoked trouts from wholesale trade and retail markets. 42 % of the L. monocytogenes-positive samples showed levels between log 2 and log 4 L. monocytogenes/g, in 12 % of the samples levels of more than log 4 L. monocytogenes/g were detected. 3.) The long-term measurements of the storage temperature proved insufficient cooling in 9 of 12 chilled cabinets. On the one hand the storage temperature remained constant over the whole period of time but exceeded the declared temperature partly extreme. In other hand the smoked trout fillets were stored at extremely varying temperatures. The labeled storage temperature was mainly exceeded during the defrosting period. Furthermore, the long-term determination showed that neither spot checks of the storage temperature by single measurement nor integrated displays provide meaningful results, because the defrosting can not be recorded. 4.) A high total bacterial load (> log 6 cfu/g) was reached at 3,5 °C after 3 weeks storing of commercially produced smoked vacuum-packed trout fillets. A comparable result was attained within 8 days when the samples were stored at 11 °C. In samples stored at 6 °C, interrupted by one-hour storage at 11 °C, the limit of log 5… Advisors/Committee Members: n (gender), Prof.%20Dr.%20G.%20Hildebrandt%22%29&pagesize-30">Univ.-Prof. Dr. G. Hildebrandt (firstReferee), Prof.%20Dr.%20D.M.%20Beutling%22%29&pagesize-30">Univ.-Prof. Dr. D.M. Beutling (furtherReferee), Prof.%20Dr.%20M%C3%83%C2%BCller%22%29&pagesize-30">Univ.-Prof. Dr. Müller (furtherReferee).

Subjects/Keywords: Rainbow Trout; Smoked Fish; Storage; Temperature; Quality Controls; Listeria Monocytogenes; Clostridium Botulinum; Sensory Evaluation; 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Sabrowski, A. (2000). Quality changes in smoked vacuum-packed trout fillets during storage. (Thesis). Freie Universität Berlin. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-5227

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sabrowski, Annemarie. “Quality changes in smoked vacuum-packed trout fillets during storage.” 2000. Thesis, Freie Universität Berlin. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-5227.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sabrowski, Annemarie. “Quality changes in smoked vacuum-packed trout fillets during storage.” 2000. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Sabrowski A. Quality changes in smoked vacuum-packed trout fillets during storage. [Internet] [Thesis]. Freie Universität Berlin; 2000. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-5227.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Sabrowski A. Quality changes in smoked vacuum-packed trout fillets during storage. [Thesis]. Freie Universität Berlin; 2000. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-5227

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Freie Universität Berlin

10. Kropp, Patricia. Sympathetic trunc ganglia of cattle as specific risk material.

Degree: 2009, Freie Universität Berlin

URL: https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/12507

► According to the feed hypothesis, in BSE the pathogenic prions spread from the gastrointestinal tract via the peripheral nervous system to the brain. In the… (more)

▼ According to the feed hypothesis, in BSE the pathogenic prions spread from the gastrointestinal tract via the peripheral nervous system to the brain. In the EU, cattle of at least 30 months of age which are slaughtered for consumption are subjected to a rapid BSE diagnostic test. Sampling is carried out from the obex region of the brain stem. However, even if the test result is negative, the BSE-agent may still be present in the host, due to the long route of transfer. These undetected yet BSE infected beef cattle pose a risk to the consumer. Hence, certain tissues that are considered to be part of the potential route of transport for prions, are defined as specific risk material (SRM) in Regulation (EG) No. 999/2001, they removed and destroyed after slaughtering. Nonetheless nerve tissues remain in the carcass which do not fall under this Regulation, but which are part of the transfer route of the agent. These include the sympathetic trunc with its ganglia in the autonomous nervous system. The subject of the current thesis is to analyse the sympathetic trunc ganglia macroscopically and morphometrically. Firstly the anatomic position of the ganglia is described in order to record the macroscopic parameters, i.e. length, width and weight. The average of these parameters was determined for the different types of ganglia located along the sympathetic trunc. Morphometric measurements were undertaken on the largest possible cross-sectional cut of a ganglion and the nerve cell soma (perikarya) visible on the microscopic level of this cut were counted. Prions are expressed on the cell surface. So the ganglia with the highest perikarya count in the cross-sectional cut could carry a higher BSE risk. Size, weight and perikarya count of a chain ganglia were found to correlate with each other. The largest ganglion, the ganglion stellatum, was also the heaviest and featured a high count of perikarya on the cross-sectional cut. The frontal thoracic ganglia also featured high values, whereas the retral breast chain ganglia and the first four loin ganglia, all smaller and lighter, were found not to have such a high perikarya count. The data for the ganglia L5, L6 and S1 were elevated, both in terms of the macroscopic parameters, i.e. length, width and weight, and in terms of the morphometrical perikarya count. The readings for the additional sacral ganglia were reduced. Ganglia that reach the food chain to a varying yet degree are the Ganglion stellatum (G.s.), the ganglia of the frontal breast area (T2-T6), as well as the ganglia of the loin area (L1-L6). However, the ganglia of the retral breast area (T7-T13) and the ganglia of the sacral bone (S1-S5) almost exclusively remain on the bone and are largely disposed of together with the vertebral column. In order to reduce the risk to the consumer, the Ganglion stellatum should be declared as SRM due to its size and in accordance to practical feasibility. For the additional ganglia in the breast area and sacral bone area it may be sufficient to set up Standard operational Procedurs.… Advisors/Committee Members: n (gender), Prof. Dr. K.-D. Budras (firstReferee), Prof.%20Dr.%20R.%20Fries%22%29&pagesize-30">Univ.-Prof. Dr. R. Fries (furtherReferee), Prof.%20Dr.%20G.%20Hildebrandt%22%29&pagesize-30">Univ.-Prof. Dr. G. Hildebrandt (furtherReferee).

Subjects/Keywords: cattle; bovine spongiform encephalopathy; ganglia; sympathetic nervous system; anatomy; histology; morphometrics; food safety; 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Kropp, P. (2009). Sympathetic trunc ganglia of cattle as specific risk material. (Thesis). Freie Universität Berlin. Retrieved from https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/12507

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kropp, Patricia. “Sympathetic trunc ganglia of cattle as specific risk material.” 2009. Thesis, Freie Universität Berlin. Accessed January 16, 2021. https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/12507.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kropp, Patricia. “Sympathetic trunc ganglia of cattle as specific risk material.” 2009. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Kropp P. Sympathetic trunc ganglia of cattle as specific risk material. [Internet] [Thesis]. Freie Universität Berlin; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/12507.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Kropp P. Sympathetic trunc ganglia of cattle as specific risk material. [Thesis]. Freie Universität Berlin; 2009. Available from: https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/12507

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Freie Universität Berlin

11. Montag, Nicole. Experimental investigation of the effects of different anionic salts to the acid-base balance of dairy cows.

Degree: 2005, Freie Universität Berlin

URL: https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/11529

► The aim of this study was to get further information about the influence of different factors to the effect of anionic rations, to optimize the… (more)

▼ The aim of this study was to get further information about the influence of different factors to the effect of anionic rations, to optimize the use of anionic salts in the prevention of milk fever of dairy cows. These factors are the influence of a prolonged administration of anions, of different energy and calcium supply, the effects of the sodium-potassium relation, the maximal tolerated dose of calcium sulfate as well as the investigation about the application of the daily dose of calcium chloride and calcium sulfate once a day. From february 2003 to march 2004 the investigations were performed on cows with rumen fistula. During the trials the animals got the acid salts calcium chloride and calcium sulfate through the rumen fistula twice a day at the feedings (except for the trial about the once a day application and the trial with sodium- and potassium bicarbonate). Several times a week blood and urine samples were taken to determine the blood gas analysis (ph, be, CO2, O2) as well as the net acid-base excretion. For each trial the feed was analysed and the dcad of the ration was measured. In all 1401 blood and urine samples have been taken and examined. The prolonged administration of anions showed, that the entire effect of the anionic salts is completely developed after 3 7 days. A significant metabolic acidosis set in. The values of ph, be and bicarbonate of the blood decreased. In the urine the effect of the acidosis was observed as well. There was a significant decrease in ph and nsba. Because of the fact, that the complete effects are developed within 3 7 days, and because of the risk of strong disturbances of the acid-base equilibrium, the use of the acid salts should last 7 days at least, but not longer than 14 days. The results of the investigation about the different energy supply showed, that the concentration of energy should be sufficient to avoid a further increase of the acidosis by the metabolic products, which result from the degradation of fatty and amino acid at catabolism. The degree of the calcium supply had no significant influence of the impact of the anionic salts relating to the acid-base status. Never the less, when feeding acid salts, it is very important to supply calcium in sufficient amount (120 180g/d), because of the strong renal calcium excretion. The investigation of the impact of sodium and potassium showed, that cations can counteract and compensate the effects of the anions and with it the mechanism of the prophylaxis of milk fever. The application of anions and cations in equivalent amounts at the same time had no effect of the acid-base-balance. The exclusive use of sodium- and potassium bicarbonate did not show the expected alkaline effects. The investigation of the maximal tolerated dose of calcium sulfate showed, that the cows developed a strong metabolic acidosis after one week of application of 3 equivalents of calcium sulfate. Because of that, the dose of 3 equivalents should not be exceeded. It is better to think of 2,5 equivalents as upper limit. The… Advisors/Committee Members: n (gender), Prof.%20Dr.%20R.%20Staufenbiel%22%29&pagesize-30">Univ.-Prof. Dr. R. Staufenbiel (firstReferee), Prof. Dr. H. Tönhardt (furtherReferee), Prof.%20Dr.%20G.%20Hildebrandt%22%29&pagesize-30">Univ.-Prof. Dr. G. Hildebrandt (furtherReferee).

Subjects/Keywords: dairy cow; hypocalcemic parturient paresis; dietary cation-anion balance; acid-base status; anionic salts; calcium chloride; calcium sulfate; 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Montag, N. (2005). Experimental investigation of the effects of different anionic salts to the acid-base balance of dairy cows. (Thesis). Freie Universität Berlin. Retrieved from https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/11529

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Montag, Nicole. “Experimental investigation of the effects of different anionic salts to the acid-base balance of dairy cows.” 2005. Thesis, Freie Universität Berlin. Accessed January 16, 2021. https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/11529.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Montag, Nicole. “Experimental investigation of the effects of different anionic salts to the acid-base balance of dairy cows.” 2005. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Montag N. Experimental investigation of the effects of different anionic salts to the acid-base balance of dairy cows. [Internet] [Thesis]. Freie Universität Berlin; 2005. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/11529.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Montag N. Experimental investigation of the effects of different anionic salts to the acid-base balance of dairy cows. [Thesis]. Freie Universität Berlin; 2005. Available from: https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/11529

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Freie Universität Berlin

12. Graubaum, Diana. Inhibition of Salmonella from spices.

Degree: 2003, Freie Universität Berlin

URL: https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/13871

► The detection of Salmonella in spices can be difficult, because some substanzes of spices and herbs are able to inhibit microbial growth. One common way… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: dilution; garlic; microbial contamination; salmonella; spices; 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Graubaum, D. (2003). Inhibition of Salmonella from spices. (Thesis). Freie Universität Berlin. Retrieved from https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/13871

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Graubaum, Diana. “Inhibition of Salmonella from spices.” 2003. Thesis, Freie Universität Berlin. Accessed January 16, 2021. https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/13871.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Graubaum, Diana. “Inhibition of Salmonella from spices.” 2003. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Graubaum D. Inhibition of Salmonella from spices. [Internet] [Thesis]. Freie Universität Berlin; 2003. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/13871.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Graubaum D. Inhibition of Salmonella from spices. [Thesis]. Freie Universität Berlin; 2003. Available from: https://refubium.fu-berlin.de/handle/fub188/13871

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Freie Universität Berlin

13. Piske, Kerstin. The sympathetic trunk ganglia and their fate in northern German cutting plants.

Degree: 2006, Freie Universität Berlin

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-14190

► All cattle slaughtered at an age older than 24 months have to be tested mandatorily for BSE in Germany. Samples are taken from the brainstem.… (more)

▼ All cattle slaughtered at an age older than 24 months have to be tested mandatorily for BSE in Germany. Samples are taken from the brainstem. Given, that prions can occure in the body before being transfered to the brain, unrecognised infected cattle might represent a risk. To minimise that risk, Specified Risk Materials which are defined by the regulation (EC) 999/2001 have to be removed after slaughtering. However, there is residual nervous tissue that is not governed by this regulation. One of those is the sympathetic trunk with its ganglia as a part of the autonomous nervous system. To estimate the risk from these ganglia, their way during slaughter and cutting procedures was observed. Thirty seven cutting plants in Northern Germany were visited and data from 160 workers were taken. Cutting plants were characterised with regard to their capacity: small (cutting capacity under 10 tons per week), middle size (cutting capacity between 10 and 99 tons per week) and large plants (cuttig capacity 100 and more tons per week). For reasons of reproducibility, the trunk was separated into five parts during observation (T1, T2-T6, T7-T13, L1-L6, S1-S5). During cutting, ganglia containing tissues could be sorted into eight different boxes (meat for processing, other meat for consumption, fat for consumption, fat for other use, bones-industry, bones-consumption, bones-SRM, bones-disposal). Every worker was observed three times, the results were recorded in an observation sheet. The tissues were not sorted in the same way. Whereas the rear thoracic ganglia (T7-T13) and sacral ganglia (S1-S5) mostly remained in natural connection with the column bones and were littered as SRM, the ganglion stellatum (T1), the front thoracic ganglia (T2-T6) and also the lumbal ganglia (L1-L6) went into the food chain in different percentages. There was an obvious difference between cutting plants of different capacities. In addition, there was a difference between workers from the same plant in more than half of all visited plants. Either the workers of one plant sorted differently, or one worker acted differently during the observation period. Such differences were observed more frequently in large cutting plants than in smaller ones. To minimize the differences as much as possible, standardisation is needed. Due to the fact that the majority of beef would be produced in large plants, standard operation prescriptions should be introduced in particular in these large premises. Because of its size and after observation of the cutting procedure, in particular the stellate ganglia (T1) should be put on the list of SRM. For the other thoracic ganglia (T2-T13) and the sacral ganglia (S1-S5) standard operation prescriptions for the removal of the musculature that is associated with the spine and the removal of the transverse processes of the vertebraes are needed. The lumbal ganglia (L1-L6) are hidden between the connective and fat tissues of the filet chain. They could not be taken away in practise. The risk coming from these ganglia should be… Advisors/Committee Members: n (gender), Prof.%20Dr.%20R.%20Fries%22%29&pagesize-30">Univ.-Prof. Dr. R. Fries (firstReferee), Prof.%20Dr.%20K.-D.%20Budras%22%29&pagesize-30">Univ.-Prof. Dr. K.-D. Budras (furtherReferee), Prof.%20Dr.%20G.%20Hildebrandt%22%29&pagesize-30">Univ.-Prof. Dr. G. Hildebrandt (furtherReferee).

Subjects/Keywords: BSE; prion disease; ganglia; peripheral nervous system; meat cuts; Prionkrankheit; Ganglien; Peripheres Nervensystem; Zerlegung; 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

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APA (6^th Edition):

Piske, K. (2006). The sympathetic trunk ganglia and their fate in northern German cutting plants. (Thesis). Freie Universität Berlin. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-14190

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Piske, Kerstin. “The sympathetic trunk ganglia and their fate in northern German cutting plants.” 2006. Thesis, Freie Universität Berlin. Accessed January 16, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-14190.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Piske, Kerstin. “The sympathetic trunk ganglia and their fate in northern German cutting plants.” 2006. Web. 16 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Piske K. The sympathetic trunk ganglia and their fate in northern German cutting plants. [Internet] [Thesis]. Freie Universität Berlin; 2006. [cited 2021 Jan 16]. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-14190.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Piske K. The sympathetic trunk ganglia and their fate in northern German cutting plants. [Thesis]. Freie Universität Berlin; 2006. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-14190

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

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