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The transforming teaching of Jesus demonstrated in the beatitudes is anchored in his ethics that are grounded in his love. This research is divided into three chapters: The Gospel of Matthew and its context, the Beatitudes and Jesus' attitude in harmony with his preaching. The first chapter deals with the Gospel of Matthew and seeks to detect: authorship, sources, location, date, and also the social practice of Jesus. The second studies the Beatitudes in Matthew, their similarities and differences with Luke and also confronts teaching based on being with the capitalist logic of possessing. The third chapter deals with the relationship between words and action in the public activity of Jesus and tries to relate this to the current teaching practices. Under the title, "The kerygma in transformative teaching: "ethics-teaching" of the Beatitudes , the dialogue focuses on education in the service of God's kingdom in any space or environment wherever it happens. From the Beatitudes, which aim to bring God and people closer and make faith concrete, it is clear that the position of Jesus is with the poor, the simple, the downtrodden, in their many faces: children, women, poor, sick and others. Jesus emphasizes what is essential: the human being. Therefore, this research concerned itself with bringing the practical and present dimension of the teaching of the Beatitudes that wishes to show that the kingdom of God is possible in Jesus. He gives new meaning to human life, pointing to the place where God wants Christians to come. Very different from a simple transference of knowledge, Jesus shows that justice and solidarity are completely above the law. And that service is not characterized as law but as impelled by grace. In this perspective, transformative teaching has eyes for those who are disadvantaged and encourages them to act contrary to the existing unfair structures. It moves to view them as friends just as God chooses to be our friend and when someone questions him, he answer just: "I AM THAT I AM." Teaching in a transformative perspective is only possible if the one who teaches has been transformed. Being transformed by God's Word is to be faithful to Jesus and his teaching that invites first the top leaders to be converted, those who need to understand and help people. This is true teaching and worship. What underlies the beatitudes is the ethics of being. Values such as justice and solidarity are born from Christianity, by which the transformative teaching perspective requires urgency to act for change, to improve undignified situations. Namely, teaching as the example set by Jesus goes beyond communicating or transferring, it implies caring, being concerned about others, about our neighbor. This, because obviously the closer we are to the teachings of Jesus the more human we become.

O ensino transformador de Jesus evidenciado nas bem-aventuranças é ancorado em sua ética que é ancorada em seu amor. A presente pesquisa divide-se em três capítulos respectivamente: O evangelho de Mateus e seu contexto,…

Advisors/Committee Members: Wachholz, Wilhelm, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3084707254950329.

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It is intended that pose a critical dissertation on the subject of manipulation and lack of ethics that are dealt with social problems of people of low social class in the programs of the networks hyped Record and SBT, Bahia. Raises the Manichean way, used by those who denounce programs, often, physical violence, through symbolic violence. It presents a quick insight into the ethics of care, followed by a brief discussion on democracy and ethics of information. He ends this dissertation with critical appraisal of sensationalist journalism and ethics, a perspective of care to another.

Pretende-se nessa dissertação suscitar uma reflexão crítica sobre a manipulação dos sujeitos e a falta de ética com que são tratados os problemas sociais das pessoas de classe social baixa nos programas sensacionalistas das emissoras Record e SBT, na Bahia. Traz à tona a forma maniqueísta usada por esses programas que denunciam, muitas vezes, a violência física, através da violência simbólica. Apresenta-se uma rápida abordagem sobre a ética do cuidado, seguida de uma breve discussão sobre a democracia da informação e a ética. Finaliza essa dissertação com apreciação crítica sobre o Jornalismo Sensacionalista e a Ética, numa perspectiva do cuidado com o outro.

Advisors/Committee Members: Wachholz, Wilhelm, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3084707254950329, CPF:56419236991.

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This work analyses the Feast of Tents at the Lages diocese, wich is located in Santa Catarina. It is about an annual feast that started in 1997, from the end of the Bible Diocesan Year. From biblical inspiration, this feast provides for Ecclesial Communities of Base (CEBs), an ecclesiologic option at diocese and points to the ransom of praxes in care and solidarity of recreated relationships from overcoming of the social and ecclesial exclusions. The first chapter reports the process of ―"put up tents" in the history of this feast in the last 13 years and also describes its biblical origins, particularly in the Old Testament. The description of its rituals and most remarkable characteristics will be very laious so that we chase new meanings for this feast in the context how it s celebrated by community. The second chapter treats about the chalange de ― "disarm relationships of exclusion" and inquires the presence of an exclusion logic in the Society and at Church. At the same time, it proposes the overcoming for this problem by praxes of care and comensalism. There two practices are been very present in all editions of the Feast of Tents and express themselves in many attitudes, such the division of food, gratuity, reception. The ecclesiologic option for the Ecclesial Communities of Base (CEBs) inspires itself in the theology of the Holiest Trinity and presents an option for the purpose of resolving the logic of exclusion, wich can be overcome through participation in all social levels. The third chapter proposes some pastoral actions that confirm a new way of being Churc that the CEBs shows and the Feast of Tents celebrates. In the opening for the sócio-political and economic reality, it is introduced the creation of a new social contract that consolidates a full citizenship and planetary, in the perspective of the construction of a Church and Society without exclusions, just, fraternal and supportive; signals of God s Kingdom.

Este trabalho analisa a Festa das Tendas na diocese de Lages, localizada em Santa Catarina. Trata-se de uma celebração anual que iniciou no ano de 1997, no encerramento do Ano Bíblico Diocesano. De inspiração bíblica, esta festa visibiliza as Comunidades Eclesiais de Base (CEBs) como opção eclesiológica da diocese e aponta para o resgate de práticas de cuidado e solidariedade, de relações recriadas de superação das exclusões sociais e eclesiais. O primeiro capítulo descreve o processo de ―"armar tendas" na história da festa nos últimos 13 anos e aborda as origens bíblicas da Festa das Tendas, particularmente no Primeiro Testamento. A descrição dos rituais próprios da festa e suas características mais marcantes serão muito valiosos para a busca de novos significados da festa no contexto em que ela é celebrada. O segundo capítulo assume o desafio de …

Advisors/Committee Members: Wachholz, Wilhelm, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3084707254950329, CPF:56419236991.

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This research aims to recognize the discourse concerning contraceptive practices conveyed by Capricho magazine in 1994. To that end, was organized a set of sources consisting of six volumes of the magazine of the months: January, March, May, September, October, December in the same year. It includes a description of the historical path of contraception in Brazil since the sixties to the mid-nineties, including from the perspective that encompasses public policies about the use of hormonal contraceptives and condoms. It seeks to analyzes some concepts related to cultural pedagogy and its related areas and to investigate the possible ways in which discourses propagated by the media interfere in the formation of subjectivities.

A presente pesquisa objetiva reconhecer os discursos concernentes às práticas contraceptivas veiculados pela Revista Capricho no ano de 1994. Para tal, foi organizado um conjunto de fontes compostas por seis volumes do periódico referentes aos meses de janeiro, março, maio, setembro, outubro e dezembro do mesmo ano. Compreende uma descrição do percurso histórico da contracepção no Brasil a partir da década de 1960 até meados dos anos de 1990, inclusive através da perspectiva que engloba as políticas públicas sobre a utilização dos anticoncepcionais hormonais e a camisinha. Busca-se analisar alguns conceitos correlatos à pedagogia cultural e suas áreas afins além de investigar as possíveis formas pelas quais os discursos propagados pela mídia interferem no processo de formação das subjetividades.

Advisors/Committee Members: Wachholz, Wilhelm, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3084707254950329, CPF:56419236991.

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The lutheran church in El Salvador is the product of the missionary work of the lutheran synod of Missouri, its further development has been a challenge to their authority, in the first part deals with the emergence of the salvadoran state from the years before the conquest, to the colony, where there was a large part of their religious tradition, independence from Spain until the war with its neighboring Honduras, in those years lutheranism arrives and founded the first churches. The structure adopted and its position in relation to the civil war ending this first part. The second part is a review of the road that followed the signing of the peace that ended the conflict, the structure adopted in the period of peace and the problems it faces in relation to resources and his flock, his conception of theology of life and its relationship to social movement, the new challenges facing in relation to their identity and social violence. The third and last part refers to the opportunity in the midst of the crisis, the social mission of the church; it s diaconal as part of practical theology, strategic planning in view of its future, ending with the democratic commitment and relationships participatory addition to possible ways forward.

La iglesia luterana en El Salvador, es el producto del trabajo misionero del sínodo luterano de Missouri, su desarrollo posterior a sido un desafío para sus autoridades, en la primera parte se aborda el surgimiento del Estado salvadoreño desde los años previos a la conquista, pasando por la colonia, de donde surge buena parte de su tradición religiosa, su independencia de España hasta la guerra con su vecino país Honduras, por aquellos años llega luteranismo y se fundan las primeras iglesias. La estructura que adopto y su posición en relación a la guerra civil finalizan esta primera parte. La segunda parte hace una reseña del camino que siguió después de la firma de la paz que dieron fin al conflicto, la estructura que adopto bajo el periodo de paz y los problemas que afronta en relación a los recursos y a su feligresía, su concepción de la teología de la vida y su relación con el movimiento social, los nuevos desafíos que afronta en relación a su identidad y a la violencia social. La tercera y última parte hace referencia a las oportunidades en medio de la crisis, la misión social de la iglesia, su diaconía como parte de la teología práctica, la planeación estratégica en vista de su futuro, finalizando con la apuesta por relaciones más democráticas y participativas además de los posibles caminos a seguir.

Advisors/Committee Members: Wachholz, Wilhelm, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3084707254950329, CPF:56419236991.

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The dissertation investigates the indigenous education at schools in Brazil, from the historical movements, their construction processes, contexts, meanings and theoretical assumptions, seeking to identify, currently, their educational proposal of an intercultural character, possible challenges and perspectives. The study makes use of bibliographic research. This will be historical, concerning educational strategies imposed on indigenous peoples since the arrival of Portuguese colonists until the Federal Constitution of 1988, documentary, with the official educational documents which propose and regulate indigenous education, from the promulgation of the 1988 Constitution; and theoretical, with the findings of the offer of an intercultural education for indigenous peoples and the implications, challenges and perspectives that this new proposal brings to indigenous education and beyond it. The first chapter contextualizes and characterizes the history of domination of indigenous peoples in Brazil since the beginning of the Portuguese colonization until the advent of the Federal Constitution of Brazil in 1988. The religious movements and legislative processes were strongly present in the history of domination; therefore, their performances are highlighted in this research. The second chapter identifies the changes in the Constitution of 1988, considered a historical milestone in the recognition of the indigenous peoples, about indigenous education and educational legislative changes resulting from its promulgation. This research highlights along each transformation that is approached the new educational provision prescribed by educational documents, legislated from the Education Law (Lei das Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional - LDB) of 1996: intercultural education for indigenous peoples. The third chapter identifies, analyzes and discusses the proposal of intercultural education for indigenous peoples that composes the Brazilian indigenous education currently. From the systematization of what the cross-cultural perspective is, especially in the educational field, it is discussed the consequences of offering an intercultural education present in the indigenous education at school, with its implications, challenges and perspectives.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

A dissertação busca investigar a educação escolar indígena brasileira, a partir dos movimentos históricos, seus processos de construção, contextos, significados e pressupostos teóricos, buscando identificar na atualidade sua proposta educacional de caráter intercultural, possíveis desafios e perspectivas. A investigação se utiliza de pesquisa bibliográfica. Esta será histórica, referente às estratégias educacionais impostas aos povos indígenas, desde a chegada dos colonizadores portugueses até a Constituição Federal de 1988; documental, com os documentos educacionais oficiais que propõem e regulamentam a educação escolar indígena, a partir da promulgação da Constituição de 1988; e teórica, com a constatação da…

Advisors/Committee Members: Wachholz, Wilhelm, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3084707254950329, Ferraro, Alceu Ravanello, http://lattes.cnpq.br/2554901969383039, Klein, Remi, http://lattes.cnpq.br/6363213953832880.

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This research is an attempt to detect the true meaning and intention of Luke in the text that talks about Mary and Martha (Luke 10.38-42) and their connection with Jesus. I seek to analyze the situation of women in patriarchal society, their performance as they take care of the family and home and, at the same time, the audacity of the women who followed Jesus from Galilee to Jerusalem: how they served him, how they listened to him, how they risked their lives for him and assisted him up to the moment of his resurrection, spreading the news about the risen Lord. It is possible to perceive that, at all times, women have struggled for a decent life and gradually conquered their space and noticed that the human being, as a whole, needs reconciliation, female/male, recognizing the feminine values which were forgotten in androcentric societies. In various different contexts, many women began to participate actively in diverse movements, trade unions, grassroots communities, exercising a strong leadership, organizing biblical reflections and discovering that another world is possible.

Esta pesquisa é uma tentativa de descoberta do verdadeiro sentido e intenção de Lucas no texto em que fala sobre Marta e Maria (Lc 10.38-42) e a relação destas com Jesus. Busco analisar a situação da mulher na sociedade patriarcal, sua atuação voltada aos cuidados da família e do lar e, ao mesmo tempo, a ousadia de mulheres que seguiram Jesus desde a Galileia até Jerusalém: como elas o serviam, o escutavam, arriscavam suas vidas e deram assistência até o momento de sua ressurreição, espalhando a notícia do ressuscitado. É possível perceber que, em todos os tempos, as mulheres lutaram por uma vida digna e aos poucos foram conquistando seu espaço e percebendo a necessidade de uma reconciliação do humano em sua totalidade, feminino/masculino, reconhecendo os valores femininos que foram esquecidos nas sociedades androcêntricas. Nos mais diferentes contextos, muitas mulheres começaram a participar ativamente nos diversos movimentos, sindicatos e comunidades de base, exercendo uma forte liderança, organizando grupos de reflexões bíblicas e descobrindo que um outro mundo é possível.

Advisors/Committee Members: Wachholz, Wilhelm, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3084707254950329, Schmitt, Flavio, http://lattes.cnpq.br/4051638587142121, CPF:37897373053, CPF:56419236991.

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The objective of this research is to establish a direct relationship between the imaginary of Brazilian people in the colonial period and their behavior in the contemporary, that is, nine generations after the official end of the Portuguese- Brazilian Inquisition. It starts from the principle that this relationship is directly linked to the state-religious model imposed by the Holy Inquisition, ruled by the imposition of fear and terror, leaving deep marks in Brazilian society which resist until the current days. For lack of popular visibility on the subject, well exemplified in the absence of the theme in all of the curricular levels of Brazilian education, this work tries to draw a line of the entire inquisitorial process on the world since its appearance in the 13th Century. After all, we are emerging subject of history. Brazilian people were born from Native-American, African and European miscegenation. Their art of thinking was build by the cultures of those three people; however, there was a direction imposed by European, captained by Portuguese aristocratic politics allied to the Roman Catholic clergy. In the beginning of the colonization, the Roman Catholic Church was under strong pressure of the Protestant Reform; the Portuguese State was living an extreme political division between the new and the old Christians, defined by a prejudiced form sustained on the statute of blood purity. The colony had a strong presence of the converted new white Christian who looked for a safe place to live far away from inquisitorial persecution in Brazil-colony. Many were vanished to the exile in the New World. In reality, the tentacles of the Inquisition reached, in an incisive way, all of the cities and towns of the colony. Those new Christians were forced to the conversion to the Christianity; however, many maintained their Jewish, Moorish and Protestant faiths, pretending to be a devotee Christian in society and continuing to believe in their faiths in intimate and family, originating, in that way, a divided man. Many became crypto-Jewish and, because the need of a great economical and intellectual development, they were tenaciously pursued by the Inquisition in the entire Kingdom of Portugal. That picture of submission of the Native-American and African and the double personality of the new white Christian produce a society characterized by the fragility of collective values in ethical and moral terms. Exposing that scenery, in general terms, this research tries to visualize a contemporary situation in that the corruption is passively accepted, the privileges of a few are institutionalized, the social claims don't solidify and the people don't commit, on the contrary .

O objetivo dessa pesquisa é estabelecer uma relação direta entre o imaginário do povo brasileiro, durante sua formação no período colonial, e a postura comportamental do povo na contemporaneidade, nove gerações após o fim oficial da Inquisição luso-brasileira. Parte do princípio de que essa relação está diretamente ligada ao modelo estatal-religioso…

Advisors/Committee Members: Streck, Gisela Isolde Waechter, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3906144692619471, Wachholz, Wilhelm, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3084707254950329, CPF:56419236991, CPF:72747161072.

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This study is a bibliographic research that sought to understand the dynamics of Capitalism, from its birth in Europe to the present day worldwide. It has been realized that since its origin, this system is already destroying a collective culture and it has in its favor the fact of being born in a European mercantilist power, fact that has facilitated its expansion worldwide. Its expansion was particularly favorable in America, land of rich mineral wealth which sucked and exploited its population. The Protestant religion had its share of contributing to form the individual's desire for financial progress, justifying this as a grace from God. Capitalism can penetrate countries and foist in them their interest and influence especially in education to dominate the population. Globalization is a challenge for the identity and the subject being able to face the diverse reality is the "weak , and at the same time he is not interested in dominating the other, but include it and bring it to him, as he approaches the other. Through the formation of the subject, it is proposed to rescue the human person through ethical solidarity education, as from the Ethics Discourse, able to build consensus through dialogue and keep the rebels in constant search for social improvements. Against the competitive rationality of the capitalist market, an alternative model based on partnership is presented, and the possibility of having a society with its rights guaranteed is defended, as for ethical solidarity education, "weak" subjects are formed with a social solidarity sense, based on dialogue and respect for other human beings and the planet Earth.

O presente estudo é uma pesquisa bibliográfica que buscou compreender a dinâmica do capitalismo de seu nascimento na Europa, aos dias atuais, em todo o mundo. Percebeu-se que desde sua origem, esse sistema já é destruidor de uma cultura coletiva e que ele tinha a seu favor, o fato de ter nascido numa potência mercantilista europeia, fato que facilitou sua expansão pelo mundo. Sua expansão foi especialmente favorável na América, terra rica da qual sugou as riquezas minerais e explorou sua população. A religião protestante teve sua parcela de contribuição ao formar o desejo de progresso financeiro, justificando ser essa uma graça de Deus. O capitalismo consegue penetrar nos países e impingir seus interesses e influi especialmente na educação para dominar as populações. A globalização é um desafio para a identidade, e o sujeito capacitado para enfrentar a realidade diversa é o débil , ao mesmo tempo em que não está interessado em dominar o outro, mas incluí-lo e aproximá-lo de si, à medida que se aproxima desse outro. Pela formação do sujeito, propõe-se o resgate do ser humano pela educação ético-solidária, a partir da Ética do Discurso, capaz de criar consensos pelo diálogo e de manter os sujeitos rebeldes , em constante busca de melhorias sociais. Contra a racionalidade competitiva do mercado capitalista, apresenta-se um modelo alternativo com base na cooperação solidária e defende-se a…

Advisors/Committee Members: Sinner, Rudolf Von, http://lattes.cnpq.br/5391368668845628, Wachholz, Wilhelm, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3084707254950329, CPF:56419236991, CPF:83797238568.

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This research aims to identify and analyze the use of the biblical interpretation method named "proof-text method" among Seventh-day Adventists (1986-2013) in the literature about the lifestyle of young Adventist, and its influence on the hermeneutics of Adventist youth. The first chapter is a historical description of the "proof-text method", its origins and presence in Christianity in general and in particular in Adventism. It also makes a distinction between this method and other hermeneutical resources used in Adventist theology, and a brief review of the method in the light of adventist official hermeneutical principles. The second chapter assesses the presence of the "proof-text method" in guidance materials on the lifestyle of young Adventist, produced and published by the Adventist Church Seventh Day in the 1986-2013 period. Finally, the third chapter analyzes the influence of the use of the "proof-text method" in spirituality and hermeneutical training of young Adventists, using the theory of "Stages of Faith" proposed by James Fowler.

Esta pesquisa busca identificar e analisar o uso do método texto-prova de interpretação bíblica entre os adventistas do sétimo dia (1986-2013) a partir dos materiais de orientação sobre o estilo de vida do jovem adventista, e sua influência sobre a hermenêutica da juventude adventista. O primeiro capítulo faz uma descrição histórica do "método texto-prova", sua origem e presença no cristianismo em geral e no adventismo em particular. Também faz uma distinção entre tal método e outros recursos hermenêuticos utilizados na teologia adventista, e uma breve avaliação do método à luz dos princípios hermenêuticos oficiais da Igreja Adventista do Sétimo Dia. O segundo capítulo verifica a presença do método texto-prova em materiais de orientação sobre o estilo de vida do jovem adventista, produzidos e divulgados pela Igreja Adventista do Sétimo Dia no período de 1986-2013. Finalmente, o terceiro capítulo avalia a influência do uso do "método texto-prova na espiritualidade e na formação hermenêutica dos jovens adventistas, utilizando-se da teoria dos Estágios da fé , de James Fowler.

Advisors/Committee Members: Schmitt, Flavio, http://lattes.cnpq.br/4051638587142121, Wachholz, Wilhelm, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3084707254950329, CPF:56419236991, CPF:37897373053.

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81 p.

When a research project decides to study Memories, this means that it will revisit a history, a contect, a trajectory, thus, this investigation presents an approach to the memories of the Centro Missionário de Evangelização e Educação Popular – CEMEP [Missionary Center of Evangelization and Popular Education], pointing out evidences that , in its trajectory, it was possible to experience moments of growth and transformation undergirded by the Word of God due to a work team that made themselves available for missionary service. And its goal is to analyze the actions which marked the popular and ecclesial trajectory of the CEMEP in the context of the history of Valença-BA. This analysis presents the following questionings. In what way did the CEMEP contribute to the ecclesial and pastoral formation of the lay people of the municipality of Valença-BA and how can the systematic and methodological organization of the actions contribute to the community? Why does the pastoral and social work of the CEMEP present structural difficulties to implement actions in contemporary times which work toward excelling in the formation of ministries with the ecclesial base communities in the dimension of faith, politics, social organization, evangelization and popular education? Thus it is possible to identify the actions which were developed for pastoral organization and popular evangelization of the ecclesial base communities, as well as to point out the principles of the CEMEP field of action as it refers to the formation of the youth, children, ministry, popular organization and education verifying, in this way, the role of this center in union, social and faith formation of the people who experienced the gatherings and the courses that were offered. The dialog focuses on the memories of a religious entity which has a social character and instigates the faith stage through evangelical teachings, establishing a dialogical relation with the different community leaderships, becoming a concrete place which welcomes those who wish to struggle in an organized manner for a more just and equalitarian society. Therefore, the research becomes materialized through the affirmation of the memories which point out how the center managed throughout its historical process to bring so many positive fruits to the Catholic Church and to the other churches which also participated in the formation courses and events which it offered. In a humanitarian perspective CEMEP, through its participants, helped union movements and ministries become faithful in the transforming Word of Jesus Christ and and in his tranforming vision which is edified in welcoming, in love and in respect toward the other.

Quando uma pesquisa decide estudar Memórias, significa que revisitará uma história, um contexto, uma trajetória, assim, essa investigação apresenta uma abordagem das memórias do Centro Missionário de Evangelização e Educação Popular – CEMEP, apontando evidências de que em sua trajetória foi possível por causa de uma equipe de trabalho que se dispuseram…

Advisors/Committee Members: Klein, Remí, http://lattes.cnpq.br/6363213953832880, Wachholz, Wilhelm, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3084707254950329, CPF:56419236991, CPF:17559820034.

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60 p. : il.

This paper seeks to do an analysis of the Spiritual Renewal Movement (MRE) among the Brazilian Baptists and the emergence the National Baptist Convention (CBN). The research will deal with historical and theological aspects of the National Baptists and will seek, based on the analysis carried out, to conceptualize the denomination within the vast field of Brazilian Protestantism. The research will be divided into three parts. The first part will deal with the general aspects related to the Baptists, their origin, doctrine and insertion on Brazilian soil. The second part will deal with the MRE, their leadership, emphases and disconnection from the Brazilian Baptist Convention which contributed to the creation of the CBN. The third part will analyze the theological aspects of the National Baptists, conceptualizing them as charismatics.

Seminário Teológico Evangélico do Brasil (STEB)

O presente trabalho busca fazer uma análise do Movimento de Renovação Espiritual (MRE) entre os Batistas Brasileiros e o surgimento da Convenção Batista Nacional (CBN). A pesquisa abordará aspectos históricos e teológicos dos Batistas Nacionais e buscará a partir da análise feita conceituar a denominação dentro do vasto campo do protestantismo brasileiro. A pesquisa se dividirá em três partes. A primeira parte abordará aspectos gerais relacionados aos batistas, sua origem, doutrina e inserção em solo brasileiro. A segunda parte abordará o MRE, sua liderança, ênfases e desligamento da Convenção Batista Brasileira, o que contribuiu para a criação da CBN. A terceira parte analisará os aspectos teológicos dos Batistas Nacionais, conceituando-os como carismáticos.

Advisors/Committee Members: Klein, Remí, http://lattes.cnpq.br/6363213953832880, Wachholz, Wilhelm, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3084707254950329, CPF:56419236991, CPF:17559820034.

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66 p.

In the historical roots one can find the sources to better comprehend the characteristics of the Executive Power which today is in force in Brazil and in this way analyze its relation to the other powers: Legislative and Judiciary. The goal of this study is to demonstrate the possible influence of the Moderator Power on the historic formation of the Brazilian Federal Executive Power, thus leading to a greater knowledge of the evolutionary character of this institution. An analysis was done of the evolution of the Modern States and the characteristics of the European absolutism. In the same way the process of the centralization of powers in the hands of Dom Pedro I, the use of politics, of history and of theology as justification tools for the Moderator Power imposed on the Political Constitution of the Empire were analyzed. All of this presented, the conclusion shows the influence of the attributions of the Moderator Power on the attributions of the Brazilian Federal Executive Power expressed in the first republican constitution, resulting in the imbalance between the powers of the State: Executive, Legislative and Judiciary.

Nas raízes históricas, encontram-se as fontes para uma melhor compreensão das características do Poder Executivo que hoje vigora no Brasil e desta forma analisar a sua relação com os demais poderes: Legislativo e Judiciário. O presente estudo tem por objetivo demonstrar a possível influência do Poder Moderador, sobre a formação histórica do Poder Executivo Federal brasileiro, conduzindo desta forma a um maior conhecimento sobre o caráter evolutivo deste instituto. Foi realizada a analise da evolução dos Estados Modernos e características do absolutismo europeu. Da mesma forma foi analisado o processo de centralização de poderes nas mãos de Dom Pedro I, o uso da política, da história e da teologia como ferramentas de justificação do Poder Moderador imposto na Constituição Política do Império. Tudo posto concluiu-se pela demonstração de influências das atribuições do Poder Moderador sobre as atribuições do Poder Executivo Federal brasileiro expresso na primeira Constituição republicana, tendo como consequência, o desequilíbrio entre os poderes do Estado: Executivo, Legislativo e Judiciário.

Advisors/Committee Members: Sinner, Rudolf Eduard von, http://lattes.cnpq.br/5391368668845628, Wachholz, Wilhelm, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3084707254950329, CPF:56419236991, CPF:83797238568.

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88 p.

This paper defends the historical-critical method from the perspective of the philosophical hermeneutics of E. D. Hirsch Jr., which defends the intentionality of the author as being the determinant of the meaning of a text, which is contrary to post-modernity, being influenced by various post-modern philosophers such as Hans-Georg Gadamer, who focused attention on the legal, philological and theological hermeneutics in the perspective of the reader. The hermeneutics based on the Gadamer concepts of tradition, almost-repetition and fusion of horizons, opens margins for relativism, since, according to the post-modernity hermeneutics, the intentionality of the author is impossible to be found, and thus, the important thing is the relation of text-reader, or in other words, the semantic autonomy of the texts and the pre-conceptions of the interpreter. Hirsch disagrees and questions the presuppositions of the hermeneutic philosophy of Gadamer, demonstrating, based on the phenomenology of Husserl, that it is possible to seek the intentionality of the author through the duplication of the conscience: that of the author him or her-self and that of the reconstitution of the intentionality of the author. Thus, separating the pre-conceptions themselves from the reconstitution of the intentionality of the author, it is possible to seek this intentionality based on the uncovering of the literary genre, in which the interpreter gathers the necessary information for seeking the author’s intentionality. Besides this, he separates, contrary to Gadamer, the concepts of meaning, meant by the author, from the significance, the relevance of the comprehension of the meaning of the text for the interpreter. Finally, from probabilistic arguments, it is possible to identify the interpretative comprehension which comes from or is close to the author’s intentionality expressed in the text, that is, the verbal meaning. Since Hirsch questions the hermeneutical perspective which focuses on the reader and not on the author, the interpretative theory of Hirsch is used to defend diachronic analysis, which is the base of the historical-critical method in detriment of the post-modern biblical hermeneutics, which favor synchronic analysis, focusing on the text itself and its interaction with the reader, as well of the hermeneutics which do not disregard diachronic analysis but still sustain synchronic analysis.

Este trabalho defende o método histórico-crítico sob a perspectiva da hermenêutica filosófica de E. D. Hirsch Jr., que defende a intencionalidade do autor como determinante do significado de um texto, o que contraria a pós-modernidade, sendo influenciada por diversos filósofos pós-modernos como Hans-Georg Gadamer, que focou a atenção das hermenêuticas jurídicas, filológicas e teológicas na perspectiva do leitor. A hermenêutica, baseada nos conceitos gadamerianos de tradição, quase-repetição e fusão de horizontes abriu margens para o relativismo, já que, segundo a pós-modernidade hermenêutica, a intencionalidade do autor é impossível…

Advisors/Committee Members: Ribeiro, Osvaldo Luiz, http://lattes.cnpq.br/1596908442976138, Wachholz, Wilhelm, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3084707254950329, CPF:56419236991, CPF:90254023720.

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65 p.

The present work intends to analyze the theological conceptions defended by Bishop Carlos Costa on family, celibacy and divorce, in the context of the end of the Second War and the “Estado Novo” (New State) in Brazil. For such a theological construction, the political, ideological and religious context in Brazil in the 1940s is presented, constructing a biographical narrative of Dom Carlos Costa and demonstrating his theological thinking favorable to divorce, as opposed to the indissolubility of marriage advocated by the Roman Catholic Apostolic Church.Regarding the relevance of the theological exploration of the proposed theme, it is recalled that in the present century, the traditional framework of the family has undergone marked changes, given the social transformations which are also reflected in the new configurations. In Brazil of the 21st century, even the judiciary have updated their concepts to address the issue. In an increasingly diverse and pluralistic Brazilian society, religious means are presented as spaces of resistance in the acceptance of differences. The position of Bishop Carlos Costa, in admitting divorce and second marriage, at least in the Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church, showed that all are children of God and therefore, unconditionally loved by God, source of mercy. Costa also showed that it is not for religious to exclude. To them, it is the task of receiving, according to the mercy of God, to become a privileged space where the wounded can find acceptance, forgiveness, healing and restoration of their lives. Therefore, the role of the Christian religious leader and the Church or congregation he or she conducts have the mission of caring for the emotional and spiritual care of couples who are suffering in a failed marriage, renewing hopes and a chance to rebuild a new personal, social and community life. The present dissertation will be developed in three chapters: the first will address the historical trajectory of Dom Carlos Duarte Costa within the scope of the Roman Catholic Church in Brazil; The second chapter deals with the Sacrament of Matrimony in a historical-biblical perspective and the position of Dom Carlos Duarte Costa and the Roman Catholic Church before a second marriage; finally, the reconfiguration of the marriage according to Don Carlos, before the State and the Church, the divorce and the transformations in the family model.

O presente trabalho final se propõe analisar as concepções teológicas defendidas por Dom Carlos Costa sobre família, celibato e divórcio, no contexto do fim da Segunda Guerra e do Estado Novo no Brasil. Para tal construção teológica, apresenta-se o contexto político, ideológico e religioso no Brasil na década de 1940, construindo uma narrativa biográfica de Dom Carlos Costa e demonstrando o seu pensamento teológico favorável ao divórcio, em oposição à indissolubilidade do matrimônio defendida pela Igreja Católica Apostólica Romana. Quanto à relevância da exploração teológica do tema proposto, lembra-se que no presente século, o quadro…

Advisors/Committee Members: Wachholz, Wilhelm, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3084707254950329, Sinner, Rudolf Eduard von, http://lattes.cnpq.br/5391368668845628, CPF:83797238568, CPF:56419236991.

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57 p.

The goal of this study was to describe and analyze the trajectory of the periodical Estudos Teológicos, tied to the Post Graduate Program in Theology of the Faculdades EST. For the Study a theoretical referential was used which contextualizes the origin of the periodical, the institutional memory and history, the periodicals in Brasil and in Rio Grande do Sul, higher learning and the role of periodicals as disseminators of scientific information and finally, the editorial trajectory of the Estudos Teológicos Journal.

Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever e analisar a trajetória do periódico Estudos Teológicos, vinculado ao Programa de Pós Graduação em Teologia da Faculdades EST. Para o estudo, utilizou-se um referencial teórico que contextualiza a origem do periódico, a memória e história institucional, os periódicos no Brasil e no Rio Grande do Sul, o ensino superior e o papel dos periódicos como disseminadores da informação científica e por fim a trajetória editorial da Revista Estudos Teológicos.

Advisors/Committee Members: Schreiber, Dusan, http://lattes.cnpq.br/5088882022022801, Wachholz, Wilhelm, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3084707254950329, CPF:56419236991, CPF:53016556049.

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To live for good or for evil are two aspects of conduct and life of humans that have been analyzed since ancient times, when man is in search of the ideal forms of complete happiness. Ethic is direct1y integral part of that context and not infrequent1y have been strong in larger philosophical, legal and theological debates. Although they are distinct areas, there is a direct interconnection or interdisciplinary field between the subject matter, for the three "science" above. The present work aims to critically examine the ethical, in its theological aspect, highlighting its limits and values, in the current stage of secularization lived by man, making a dialogue with the modem legal normativity. The intention is to collaborate in the development of Public Theology, specifically in the area of relations between theology and law, seeking to exercise the use of a theoretical framework of action, the study of ethics and law. For this, the paper suggests some current issues relevant such as: a) the concept of secularization in its legal dimension, proposed a radical and inadequate separation between the positivism of law and religious and cultural normativity. This should make it possible to establish a dialogical conception between legal positivism and cultural normativity? b) In the study of ethics and law to the theoretical framework will be directed from the theory of communicative action of Jürgen Habermas. In this aspect the author recognizes the importance of culture and religion in shaping contemporary law, without, however, develop the theme. Then it would be possible?

O viver para o bem ou para o mal são dois aspectos da conduta e da vida dos seres humanos que vêm sendo analisado desde a Idade Antiga, quando o indivíduo sai em busca das formas ideais de plena felicidade. A ética é parte diretamente integrante do mundo da vida e, não raramente, vêm sendo presença marcante em grandes debates filosóficos, jurídicos e teológicos. Não obstante serem áreas distintas, há uma intercomunicação ou interdisciplinaridade direta entre a matéria em tela, em relação as três "ciências" acima indicadas. O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de fazer uma análise critica acerca da ética, em seu aspecto teológico, destacando seus limites e valores, no atual estágio de secularização vivido pelo ser humano, fazendo um diálogo com a normatividade jurídica moderna. A intenção é de colaborar no desenvolvimento da Teologia Pública, especificamente na área das relações entre Teologia e Direito, buscando exercitar a utilização de um referencial teórico da ação, no estudo da ética e do Direito. Para tanto, o trabalho sugere algumas situações atuais relevantes tais como: a) o conceito de secularização, em sua dimensão jurídica, propôs uma radical e inadequada separação entre o positivismo do Direito e a normatividade cultural e religiosa. Desta forma, será possível estabelecer uma concepção dialógica entre o positivismo jurídico e a normatividade cultural? b) No estudo da ética e do Direito o referencial teórico será direcionado a partir da…

Advisors/Committee Members: Wachholz, Wilhelm, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3084707254950329, Brustolin, Leomar Antônio, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3688657694876591, Zabatiero, Júlio Paulo Tavares, http://lattes.cnpq.br/6084107335994470.

▼ Itineraries of the First Private Pension Plan in Brazil, from an ecclesial initiative (1864) to the consolidation of an open entity for complementary pension funds (1993) is an interpretative historical narrative of the pension plan saga of an ecclesiastical institution of Lutheran confession originating with the German immigration in Brazil. As of 1864, German pastors sent to Brazil, having a pension plan culture, inspired in the associativism which gives foundation to mutualism, sought to resolve their problems of the lack of pension support in an environment in which their religion was only tolerated by the Brazilian Empire and in a context in which slavery still existed and where the official pension solutions were sponsored and granted only by the montepios (private social pension associations).Without any state financial or legal support, through a private and associative initiative, they discreetly founded, on March 1st of 1883, in Rio Grande do Sul, what the broader history should honor as the first private pension plan in Brazil. Characteristic of this organizational model and of the modern complementary pension plan, this was an organization of physical persons, with private capital and managed by the members themselves which aimed at paying a life time monthly income to invalid clergy, their widows and orphans, a true private pension plan. Throughout these 130 years of history the initiatives and the solutions were sometimes taken by the members themselves, sometimes by the Territorial Church of Prussia (Germany), the sponsorship of the models alternating between Brazil and Germany, due to the First and Second World Wars, until finally, as of 1952, and later 1974, it was possible for these religious people to join the official social security system in Brazil, and in the end they were able to consolidate the last open private pension plan non-profit entity, to be authorized to work in Brazil with the name of Luterprev, in 1993. This is the current stage of this pension plan historical process which presents itself as ciclical and evolutionary. This unique history of the private pension plan is representative not only in the area of the Evangelical Church of Lutheran Confession in Brazil, the theological confession of which has been present in the country since 1824, but is also significant in the midst of the broader history of private pension systems in Brazil, since it inaugurates, in an unprecedented way, the theme within the Brazilian ecclesiastical historiography, equally contributing, from the specific to the general, to the pension historiography in Brazil. From the administrative science point of view a discussion is proposed, which is applicable to various types of human organizations, about questioning axes related to the established historical phases such as ethicization , professionalization and (financial) capitalization as being a dialog between the theory of organizations and theology. From the historical perspective, this accomplishment should also be registered as a new contribution of… Advisors/Committee Members: Sinner, Rudolf Von, http://lattes.cnpq.br/5391368668845628, Rodrigues, Alziro César de Morais, http://lattes.cnpq.br/1037606185347575, Wachholz, Wilhelm, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3084707254950329.

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This thesis aims to contribute to the theme of the space and place of Christian worship, carrying out a broad research about the living and experiential space and place of the human being in the world which s/he inhabits and occupies. This research is anchored within the research area of practical theology and of liturgical science, on which the investigation of the relation of the human being with liturgy and architecture and its influence and apprehension into Christian worship will be based. For this we begin with the discussion and analysis of the evolution of the concept of space, particularly from the Middle Ages up to the present. We analyze the relation of the human being with the space and place s/he occupies in the world through the concepts of lived and experiential space. And through Martin Luther s theology and from Mircea Eliade s research about the sacred and the profane, we examine the sacred and human relation which takes place in the sacred space. Based on this we seek to understand the manner in which the human relation occurs in the experiential space strictly of the church (place of worship), checking out how the architect relates with the architectural work and the way in which s/he uses her/his autonomy to plan and construct the liturgical space. We will check out the ways in which the human being perceives and takes in the space and how the body and human corporeity relate within the church ambiance. Concerned with what has been called non-places we will investigate if the place of worship also presents characteristics of a non-place. Based on the sacramental and liturgical theme within and with the place of worship, our focus is to understand how the announcement of the Word of God and the sacraments Baptism and Eucharist are spatial definers of the place of worship, that is, of our house in time and space. Finally, we will analyze the relation between liturgy and architecture. We present and define stages which should be observed when a congregation intends to build, refurbish and/or adapt its place of worship, besides defining principles and criteria which the congregations, the ministers, and the architects should reflect upon throughout all of the construction and refurbishment.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

A presente dissertação visa contribuir com a temática do espaço e lugar de culto cristão, realizando uma ampla pesquisa sobre o espaço e o lugar vivencial e experiencial do ser humano no mundo que ele habita e ocupa. Esta pesquisa encontra-se ancorada dentro da área de pesquisa da teologia prática e da ciência litúrgica, a partir da qual se dará a investigação sobre a relação do ser humano com a liturgia e a arquitetura e sua influência e apreensão para dentro do culto cristão. Para tanto, partimos da discussão e da análise da evolução do conceito de espaço, sobretudo a partir da Idade Média até a atualidade. Analisamos a relação do ser humano com o espaço e o lugar que ela/ele ocupa no mundo, através dos conceitos de espaço vivenciado e…

Advisors/Committee Members: Wachholz, Wilhelm, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3084707254950329, Susin, Luiz Carlos, http://lattes.cnpq.br/4754775788020053, Adam, Júlio Cézar, http://lattes.cnpq.br/1768006061329443.

▼ A pesquisa se propõe averiguar algumas das conseqüências práticas para a história do Cristianismo em face do influxo do dualismo platônico sobre a teologia cristã. Sobretudo, no que diz respeito à relação da Igreja com o mundo da cultura. Parte-se do princípio que a combinação destes dois elementos deu origem a uma teologia platonizada o que causou uma deformação da antropologia bíblica. Esta deformação não passou impune. Ao contrário, a partir daí a Igreja percorreu caminhos que, em grande medida, desconstruíram sua face mais evangélica. O primeiro capítulo faz considerações acerca do pensamento platônico a respeito da dicotomia espírito-matéria, adentra-se pelo período patrístico e as primeiras formulações teológicas dos Pais da Igreja já sob a influência do pensamento helênico. Daí, uma rápida panorâmica sobre a Idade Média. Constatado o problema, pergunta-se pelas suas conseqüências. O segundo capítulo concentra-se na colonização ibérico-católica na América Latina seguida do genocídio dos povos ameríndios e, ato contínuo, dos povos afros escravizados. Sugere-se que esta teologia surgida da assimilação do dualismo platônico serviu como justificativa para a dominação, demonização e massacre desses povos, uma vez que se o corpo era mal, poderia ser destruído. A Teologia da Libertação surge como uma proposta de superação desta visão dicotômica do ser humano. O terceiro capítulo foca em um exemplo do Cristianismo em sua versão protestante, a saber: a inserção do protestantismo no Brasil e sua notória resistência às manifestações culturais populares do povo brasileiro. Para isto, analisa-se antes a identidade do missionário evangélico que veio para o Brasil. Esta identidade foi forjada desde o início da Reforma no século XVI percorrendo, sobretudo, um determinado tipo de protestantismo que, iniciando com os anabatistas, passa pelos puritanos, pietistas, metodistas, avivalistas, ortodoxos, fundamentalistas e pentecostais. Caso a parte é a assimilação da religiosidade popular por parte dos movimentos neopentecostais. Finalmente, o quarto capítulo aborda a visão bíblica do ser humano em sua inteireza. Analisando os principais termos bíblicos que se referem à antropologia, verifica-se que a visão bíblica do ser humano é libertadora e promotora de novas relações com o mundo ao redor em suas dimensões política, social, econômica, cultural, religiosa, estética, etc Advisors/Committee Members: Rieth, Ricardo Willy, http://lattes.cnpq.br/2854589063294139, Brustolin, Leomar Antônio, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3688657694876591, Wachholz, Wilhelm, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3084707254950329, CPF:56419236991, CPF:47125683053, CPF:49067362034.

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The subject matter of this dissertation is higher education within IECLB (the Evangelical Church of Lutheran Confession in Brazil). The paper starts out by examining the origin of congregational education in Brazil and its structural organization alongside public education. The formation of the congregational education system is presented, which started with primary schools linked to local church congregations that were set up in response to the difficulties with the lack of schools found by German Lutheran immigrants upon their arrival to Brazil. After setting the context for the emergence of congregational higher education and the tradition of congregational basic education, the paper analyzes the discussions around the creation of colleges and higher education courses within the Synod Riograndense, one of the founding constituents of IECLB. Special emphasis is given to the unsuccessful attempt to offer courses at the time when many other Brazilian institutions working with higher education started their activity. This paper attempts to understand the reasons underlying these difficulties and examines the alternatives adopted. Finally, attention is given to the successful emergence of courses in the 1970s, but which took effect especially at the turn of the 21st century. Our studies reveal that the option not to offer higher education stemmed from a larger context of the church that was then undergoing reorganization. Some internal uncertainty about who would bear the responsibility for offering courses further delayed the process. The paper concludes by indicating alternatives for higher education in IECLB to play a greater role in the context of Brazilian education. The research points out the need for a systematic review of the way colleges and courses are maintained by institutions within IECLB should they want to consolidate their position in Brazil.

O tema central desta dissertação é o ensino superior na IECLB. Inicialmente, localizam-se o surgimento do ensino superior comunitário no Brasil e sua estruturação ao lado da oferta do poder público. Apresenta-se a formação do sistema de educação comunitária vinculada à Igreja, com escolas primárias, a partir das dificuldades enfrentadas pelos imigrantes alemães evangélico-luteranos, na sua chegada ao Brasil, com a ausência de escolas. Contextualizado o espaço do surgimento da educação superior comunitária e a tradição do ensino básico de caráter comunitário, abre-se o cenário para resgatar as discussões em torno da criação de faculdades e cursos superiores no âmbito do Sínodo Riograndense, um dos formadores da IECLB. Destaca-se a tentativa infrutífera de oferecer cursos naquele período em que as demais instituições brasileiras que atuam com ensino superior iniciam sua atividade. Este trabalho tenta compreender as…

Advisors/Committee Members: Klein, Remi, http://lattes.cnpq.br/6363213953832880, Streck, Danilo Romeu, http://lattes.cnpq.br/2250864123409266, Wachholz, Wilhelm, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3084707254950329, CPF:56419236991, CPF:17559820035, CPF:11189835053.

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This thesis is based mainly on the books About the Potentiality of the Soul: De quantitate animae and De libero arbítrio written by Saint Augustine. We discourse about the process of conceptualization of the being soul and of the solution of the problem of free choice through the Augustinian pedagogical system circuitum nostrum. We will see that this immaterial being which makes us rational, and therefore human, is what comes closest to God of all the beings of the creation. An immortal being, with innate ideas, without division and which monitors all the functions of the body, making it possible for the human being to use the memory, reason and rationality. Subsisting in itself, it remains, even after the separation from the body, as a whole entity and carrier of all the memories of the body which animated it for life. Presenting himself as a dualist, St. Augustine reveals to us that although the soul is in the body it is not bound to the body, but is in the body. Without growth and aging this immaterial being without dimensions is real, however unknown to the subject him/her self who houses it. A being which maintains the vital principle and that of animation (animus) of the body. When this soul is educated by rationality it permits the human being the full use of freedom in the moral choice of action, or free will. We will see the influence of Socrates, Plato and neoplatonism through the dialogs inserted in the Augustinian pedagogical system circuitum nostrum and the relation between the pedagogism of Paulo Freire as a mirror of augustinianism, through the dialog as producers of active subjects in the transformation of society.

O Trabalho de dissertação se baseia principalmente nos livros Sobre a Potencialidade da Alma: De quantitate animae e De libero arbítrio, escritos por Santo Agostinho. Discorremos sobre o processo de conceituação do ente alma e da solução do problema do livre arbítrio através do sistema pedagógico agostiniano circuitum nostrum. Veremos que esse ente imaterial que nos faz racionais e, portanto, humanos, é o que mais se aproxima de Deus, de todos os entes da criação. Um ente Imortal, com ideias inatas, sem divisão e que monitora todas as funções do corpo, possibilitando ao ser humano o uso das memórias, da razão e da racionalidade. Subsistindo em si mesma, ela permanece mesmo depois da separação do corpo, como uma entidade única e portadora de todas as lembranças do corpo que animava para a vida. Apresentando-se como um dualista, Santo Agostinho, nos revela que embora a alma esteja no corpo ela não está presa ao corpo, porém no corpo. Sem crescimento ou envelhecimento esse ente imaterial, sem dimensões é real, porém desconhecido do próprio sujeito que a acolhe. Um ente que mantém o princípio vital e de animação (animus) do corpo. Quando essa alma é educada pela racionalidade permite ao ser humano o uso pleno da liberdade na escolha moral do agir, ou livre arbítrio. Veremos que a influência de Sócrates, Platão e do neoplatonismo através dos diálogos inseridos no sistema…

Advisors/Committee Members: Wachholz, Wilhelm, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3084707254950329, Pauly, Evaldo Luis, http://lattes.cnpq.br/7187415721002122, Bobsin, Oneide, http://lattes.cnpq.br/9895594646147746, CPF:21138613053, CPF:56419236991, CPF:28860071968.

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This research will try to comprehend the troubled and contradictory relations in the Apostolic Roman Catholic Church in colonial Brazil, officially under the domain of the Portuguese state under the regime of Régio s Patronage, but offering resistance through the Loyal Orders of the pope, tied to the Propaganda Fide. The problem that will be confronted in this study is what led Colonial Brazil to have in its territory two churches, one under the command of the king, and the other that responded to the pope. Considering that conflicting and contradictory relations, as well as alliances and convergences are constant in the Roman Church s history, we will seek our comprehension not only in analyzing the period during the Portuguese Patronage in Colonial Brazil, but we will try to find answers in historic periods previous to this one, like in the Late Antiquity and in the Middle Age, where the relations between the Church and the State also exchanged periods of tension, convergences and conflicts, and the ideological formulations that gave the Church its mentality before the State had its origin and development, way before the Conquest of America. We do not have the objective of rewriting the ecclesiastic history, although some historical clippings will be used here to help us clarify the proposed questions. We will start from the understanding that the verified conflicts aren t only power disputes between Rome and Lisbon, but accommodate mentalities crystalized in ideologies, which originated mental structures that were not totally abandoned by the whole Church, and survived under a very long term perspective. So, the object of analysis in this study is how these mentalities and structures were formed and how they got to Colonial Brazil, what were the mentalities and structures and how they can be framed in the long term. These mentalities and structures had their origin in Late Antiquity, before the Church allied itself to the State s power, and had, with the due transformations, continuity and development in the Middle Age, until it got to Brazil, Portugal s Colony.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

A pesquisa tentará compreender as conturbadas e contraditórias relações entre a Igreja Católica Apostólica Romana no Brasil Colônia, oficialmente sob o domínio do Estado português sob o regime de Padroado régio, mas oferecendo-lhe resistência através das Ordens leias ao papa, vinculadas à Propaganda Fide. O que levou o Brasil Colônia a ter sob seu território duas Igrejas, uma sob o comando do rei, outra que respondia ao papa, será a problemática enfrentada no presente estudo. Levando-se em consideração que relações conflituosas e contraditórias, bem como alianças e convergências são uma constante na história da Igreja de Roma, procuraremos nossa compreensão não apenas na análise da época da vigência do Padroado português no Brasil Colônia, mas tentaremos encontrar as respostas em períodos históricos anteriores, como a Antiguidade Tardia e a Idade Média, onde as relações entre Igreja e Estado…

Advisors/Committee Members: Zwetsch, Roberto Ervino, http://lattes.cnpq.br/8795910334550225, Witt, Marcos Antonio, http://lattes.cnpq.br/5004407197335303, Wachholz, Wilhelm, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3084707254950329, CPF:56419236991, CPF:24905631068, CPF:50037838091.

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152 p.

This thesis was conceived as a history of the concept of martyrdom limited to the period concerning its formation: from the writing of the NT to the Martyrdom of Polycarp. The transformations in the semantic field of the term μαρτυρία and its cognates were analyzed as they are revealed in several Ancient Church authors. The Begriffsgeschichte’s (History of the Concepts) methodological guidelines made up the methodological basis for this study of words related to the witness/martyrdom in their textual and historical contexts. Within these contexts one has sought for the reasons for μαρτυρία gaining new meanings for the Christian authors of the first and second century. Before its Christian usage μαρτυρία used to refer to the witness of facts and truths alone but with the Christians, along the course of history, it came to refer to the concept of martyrdom. The sufferings and tribulations, although they haven’t always been constant, were conceived by the Christian people as the environment where the evangelistic mission took place for, just as God had summoned prophets and they had undergone mishaps, so he had called Christ’s witnesses in the New Covenant to announce his Gospel. Besides that, the Christian disciples had, since the beginning, the awareness that they were imitating a man/God condemned to a cross. His life and teaching had death as a consequence. The martyrs, continuing this mission, also bore testimony of Christ with death.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Esta dissertação foi concebida como uma história do conceito de martírio limitada ao período referente à sua formação: da escrita do NT à do Martírio de Policarpo. Nela analisaram-se as transformações no campo semântico do termo μαρτυρία e seus cognatos apresentadas em diversos autores da Igreja antiga. As orientações metodológicas da Begriffsgeschichte (História dos Conceitos) formaram a base metodológica para o estudo de vocábulos relacionados com o testemunho/martírio em seus contextos textuais e históricos. Dentro destes contextos buscaram-se as razões para que μαρτυρία ganhasse novos significados no seu uso para os autores cristãos dos séculos I e II. Antes do uso cristão, μαρτυρία referia apenas o testemunho para fatos e verdades, mas com os cristãos, no correr da história, veio a referir o conceito de martírio. Os sofrimentos e tribulações, mesmo que muitas vezes não tenham sido constantes, foram concebidos pelas pessoas cristãs como o meio onde se praticava a missão evangélica, pois assim como Deus havia chamado profetas e estes passaram por revezes, também havia chamado, na Nova Aliança, as testemunhas de Cristo para anunciar o seu Evangelho. Além do mais, os discípulos cristãos tiveram, desde o princípio, a consciência de que imitavam um homem/Deus condenado a uma cruz. Sua vida e seu ensinamento tiveram como consequência essa morte. Os mártires, na continuação da missão, também deram testemunho pelo Cristo com a morte.

Advisors/Committee Members: Wachholz, Wilhelm, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3084707254950329, Rabuske, Irineu José, http://lattes.cnpq.br/0400398816570913, Schmitt, Flavio, http://lattes.cnpq.br/4051638587142121, CPF:37897373053, CPF:56419236991, CPF:20822456087.

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137 p. il.

The research presented below analyzes art in the Protestant Lutheran context. The path followed seeks to recover the historicity of the figurative artistic representations within the first Christianity, as well as their developments in the Renaissance and the Protestant Reformation, having as a perspective the Theology of Art, based on the thinking of Paul Tillich. One understands that the images which emerged with the first Christian communities are only later designated as Christian art. The use of this art foments the formulation of theological positions which transit between their permanence/existence and their prohibition/destruction depending on the historical context. In this way, the development of this art should be interpreted based on theology and its insertion in the social, political, economic and cultural scenario. For such, an important historical period is situated in the Renaissance movement and in the humanist mentality instituted in the Protestant Reformation. Within this scenario profound cultural and intellectual transformations are presented as well as influences and directions of sacred and religious art with echoes in modern history. Therefore, an important aspect is the issue of the return to the sources, especially to the Biblical texts, which once again raises the issue of art and its figurative artistic representations, in many cases associated with an idolatry perspective and intrinsically connected to the theological discussions. The proposal elaborated based on Tillich, to (re) signify art as a theological source, as a revelation of the Sacred, illuminates some theological aspects of Christian art which remained hidden in the Protestant Lutheran imagery. This reflection on art for the Protestant Lutheran context takes on a new perspective to dialog with the artistic-cultural manifestations. The Tillich theological approach to art provides a recovery regarding the historical gap in relation to the artistic representations and presents itself as a possibility to interpret the esthetic and cultural experiences based on the creative otherness of the divine.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES)

A pesquisa apresentada a seguir faz uma análise da arte para o contexto protestante-luterano. O caminho percorrido procura resgatar a historicidade das representações artísticas figuradas no cristianismo primeiro, bem como, seus desdobramentos no Renascimento e Reforma Protestante, tendo como perspectiva a Teologia da Arte, a partir do pensamento de Paul Tillich. Entende-se que as imagens que surgiram junto com as primeiras comunidades cristãs são posteriormente designadas como arte cristã. A utilização desta arte fomenta a formulação de posições teológicas que transitam entre sua permanência/existência e proibição/destruição dependendo do contexto histórico. Desta forma, o desenvolvimento da arte deve ser interpretado a partir da teologia e de sua inserção no cenário social, político, econômico e cultural. Para tanto um período histórico importante…

Advisors/Committee Members: Streck, Gisela Isolde Waechter, http://lattes.cnpq.br/390614469261947, Eggert, Edla, http://lattes.cnpq.br/2854589063294139, Wachholz, Wilhelm, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3084707254950329, CPF:56419236991, CPF:72747161072, CPF:49479733900.

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67 p.

The object of study of the present dissertation is the situation of vulnerability of teenage offenders. Given this, a dialogical relationship between theology and pedagogy is assumed, so as to enable the common good for all. From this possible relationship, one can perceive that the participatory mobilizing act found constantly in Christian churches is part of a democratic regime of citizenship that cannot be neglected. The existence (and necessity) of essential guiding models or principles in the reintegration of a vulnerable and offending adolescent is therefore problematic, with the greater aim of breaking the still existing barriers of prejudice, marginalization and exclusion that pervade the cruel reality of Brazilian society. That said, it is an emergency the ceaseless quest for paradigms that serve, on the individual and collective levels, as the guiding thread for the latent citizenship to emerge. To think of teenage offenders, before any evaluation, is to perceive them not only as criminals but also as victims of a hypocritical and indifferent society that mistreats, that camouflages its false truth and attacks “the other”, denying them rights and imposing on them duties. In addition, the role of the State in the life of young people is verified, based on the public policies and legal rights in force for the public in question, while recognizing the transforming (and possible) role of the family and school.

O objeto de estudo da presente dissertação é a situação de vulnerabilidade de adolescentes infratores. Diante disso, assume-se uma relação dialógica entre a Teologia e a Pedagogia, de modo a possibilitar o bem comum a todos. Dessa relação possível, percebe-se que o ato mobilizador participativo encontrado constantemente nas igrejas cristãs é parte de um regime democrático de cidadania que não pode ser negligenciado. Problematiza-se, assim, a existência (e necessidade) de modelos ou princípios norteadores essenciais na reintegração de um adolescente vulnerável e infrator, com o fito maior de romper as barreiras ainda existentes do preconceito, da marginalidade e da exclusão que permeiam a cruciante realidade da sociedade brasileira. Dito isso, é emergencial a busca incessante por paradigma(s) que sirva(m), nos planos individual e coletivo, como fio(s) condutor(es) para aflorar a cidadania ainda latente. Pensar em adolescentes infratores, antes de qualquer avaliação, é percebê-los não só como algozes, mas também como vítimas de uma sociedade hipócrita e indiferente, que maltrata, que camufla sua falsa verdade e agride “o outro”, negando-lhe direitos e impondo-lhe deveres. Ademais, apura-se o papel do Estado na vida dos jovens, a partir das políticas públicas e dos direitos legais vigentes para o público em questão, reconhecendo-se, ao mesmo tempo, o papel transformador (e possível) da família e da escola.

Advisors/Committee Members: Brandenburg, Laude Erandi, http://lattes.cnpq.br/2720814127433525, Custódio, Elivaldo Serrão, http://lattes.cnpq.br/8819683729192070, Wachholz, Wilhelm, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3084707254950329, CPF: 56419236991, CPF: 29054885068, CPF: 61203092253.

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The subject of this paper is the mysticism which underlies Martin Luther s theology. Passing through the influence of medieval mysticism in Luther s theology and through the confrontation with the enthusiast movement, we point out the mystical nuances of Luther s theology. Through bibliographic research, the current tendencies with regard to this theme are presented. We highlight the research carried out by the Finnish researchers, initiated by Tuomo Mannermaa who has pointed out the importance of the concept of unio mystica in Luther s theology. Likewise, we will present the diversification of this research and its reception by the German and North American theologians. Luther s contribution to Latin American reflection will be brought to light, highlighting the convergences of Luther s mysticism with the Liberation mysticism. The first chapter will deal with Luther s context. The second chapter will deal with the criticism which Luther made of the speculative mysticism which influenced the enthusiast movement and the mysticism present in Luther s theology. The third chapter presents the current panorama of the research on mysticism in Luther. The Finnish contribution is the most significant in this area. In the Finnish research the presence of Christ in the faith is central. Without this real presence it would be impossible to speak of unio. Besides this, we will present the diversification of the Finnish school and receptions in the areas of German and North American theology. The final movement of our paper will be to reflect on the contributions of Luther s mysticism for the current reflection on Christian mysticism for our context.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Este trabalho aborda a mística que subjaz a teologia de Martinho Lutero. Passando pela influência da mística medieval na teologia de Lutero, pelo embate com o movimento entusiasta, destacamos as nuances místicas da teologia de Lutero. Por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, apresentam-se as tendências atuais em relação ao tema. Destaca-se a pesquisa realizada pela pesquisa finlandesa, iniciada por Tuomo Mannermaa que tem destacado a importância do conceito de unio mystica na teologia Lutero. Apresentaremos igualmente a diversificação desta pesquisa e sua recepção pelos teólogos alemães e norte-americanos. Também a contribuição de Lutero para a reflexão latino-americana é trazida à luz, destacando-se as convergências da mística de Lutero com a mística da Libertação. O primeiro capítulo deste trabalho aborda o contexto de Lutero. No segundo capítulo será abordada a crítica que Lutero faz à mística especulativa que influenciou o movimento entusiasta e a mística presente na teologia de Lutero. O terceiro capítulo apresenta o panorama atual da pesquisa da mística em Lutero. A contribuição finlandesa é a mais significativa nesta área. Na pesquisa finlandesa a presença de Cristo na fé é central. Sem esta presença real seria impossível falar de unio. Ademais, apresentaremos a diversificação da escola finlandesa e as…

Advisors/Committee Members: Schaper, Valério Guilherme, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3516948733028434, Buss, Paulo Wille, http://lattes.cnpq.br/6883565365975099, Wachholz, Wilhelm, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3084707254950329, CPF:56419236991, CPF:51932318615, CPF:23883111015.

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This doctoral dissertation is an analysis of the formation of the Sínodo Evangélico Luterano Unido (SELU) [United Lutheran Evangelical Synod], in 1962, stemming from the fusion of the Lutheran Church in Brazil (1905) and the Evangelical Synod of Santa Catarina and Paraná (1911), normally called synods. The trajectories of these two institutions were marked in good measure by mutual combat, being that the origins of these conflicts are in the pre-existing congregational divergences as well as in theological and confessional differences which remit back to the history of the institutions as to the origins of the pastors and members who make up the two synods. The nationalisms of the end of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century determined the history of the synods. Mainly with the result of the Second World War, the ideal of edifying the Church based on an ethnic matrix was revealed as invalid, leading the synods to continue the dialog that had begun under their condition of Germanity, however now with a new discourse, marked by a theological reorientation. This new order gained formal expression with the constitution of the Federação Sinodal (FS) [Synod Federation]/ Igreja Evangélica de Confissão Luterana no Brasil (IECLB) [Evangelical Church of Lutheran Confession in Brazil], in 1949. From the commitment with the new established order there arose the need for restructuring the two synods, which had experienced a parallel development even though co-existing in the same territory. The constitution of the SELU is a fundamental marking point in the consolidation of the IECLB as a church of Jesus Christ in Brazil.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Esta tese de doutorado é uma análise da formação do Sínodo Evangélico Luterano Unido (SELU), em 1962, a partir da fusão da Igreja Luterana no Brasil (1905) e do Sínodo Evangélico de Santa Catarina e Paraná (1911), mormente chamados de sínodos. As trajetórias dessas duas instituições foram marcadas em boa medida pelo combate mútuo, sendo que as origens destes conflitos estão em divergências comunitárias preexistentes bem como em diferenças teológicas e confessionais que remetem às histórias das instituições de procedência de pastores e membros que integram os dois sínodos. Os nacionalismos do final do século XIX e primeira metade do século XX determinaram a história dos sínodos. Principalmente com o desfecho da Segunda Guerra Mundial, o ideal de edificar a Igreja a partir de uma matriz étnica se revelou inválido, levando os sínodos à continuidade do diálogo iniciado sob a germanidade, mas com um discurso novo, marcado por uma reorientação teológica. Esta nova ordem ganhou expressão formal com a constituição da Federação Sinodal (FS)/Igreja Evangélica de Confissão Luterana no Brasil (IECLB), em 1949. Do compromisso com a nova ordem…

Advisors/Committee Members: Zwetsch, Roberto Ervino, http://lattes.cnpq.br/8795910334550225, Klein, Remi, http://lattes.cnpq.br/6363213953832880, Rieth, Ricardo Willy, http://lattes.cnpq.br/2854589063294139, Klug, João, http://lattes.cnpq.br/1516405930048093, Wachholz, Wilhelm, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3084707254950329.

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The present research addresses historically the construction and development of practical and theoretical holistic theology of Ellen White bequeathed to the Seventh Day Adventist Church. Ellen White lived at the time in which her country, the United States of America, were firmed while nation and died precisely when it sought the world hegemony. Thus, passing through turbulent years of Secession and incorporating the spirit pragmatic American she grew and lean on with her homeland. Self-taught, she helped to found one of the original churches of this country, the fruit of the union of heterogeneous thought of various protestant congregations. Her work stands for affirmation and experience of biblical beliefs that comprise the Adventist brazen faith. However, her compendium, extracted from thousands of pages produced over the course of seven decades devoted to church, stands out clearly the inseparable intercorrelation between body and spirit. From this paradigm, for her, these two bodies form the soul, that having body portion is deadly. This is then what is the human being: a mortal soul in search of immortality, only achieved by redeemed after the coming of Jesus, a literal event to be soon perceived - the greatest hope of the Adventist still today. In Ellen White, as should be perceived along the work, since the serene and balanced relationship between body and spirit, there is a fervent defense and at the same time thrilled attack to those who unlike this perspective taken by her Christian, call for classical philosophy. It is in the scope of this carnal theology dictated by her biblical that it must be the human being aligned. Thus, to maintain a healthy diet, doing regular physical exercises, ensure the integral education and experience the nature, configure exercises in search of full spirituality which allied to the life of piety and prayer lead to sanctification - central theme of her writings. The first chapter of the thesis analyzes historically the United States and Europe at the time of Ellen White; the second deals with the historical and social construction of the belief in the mortality of the soul - center of this work, while the third and last is the holistic whitean approach of body and spirit with views to the fullness of soul.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

A presente pesquisa aborda historicamente a construção e o desenvolvimento prático e teórico da teologia holística de Ellen White legada à Igreja Adventista do Sétimo Dia. Ellen White, viveu no momento em que seu país, os Estados Unidos da América, estavam se firmando enquanto nação e morreu precisamente quando ele buscava a hegemonia mundial. Assim, passando pelos turbulentos anos da Secessão e incorporando o espírito pragmático estadunidense cresceu e se firmou com sua pátria. Autodidata, ajudou a fundar uma das igrejas originais daquele país, fruto da união do pensamento heterogêneo de várias congregações protestantes. Seu trabalho destaca-se pela afirmação e vivência das crenças bíblicas que compõem a fé…

Advisors/Committee Members: Sinner, Rudolf Von, http://lattes.cnpq.br/5391368668845628, Klein, Remi, http://lattes.cnpq.br/6363213953832880, Oliveira, Lilian Blanck de, http://lattes.cnpq.br/2060996038464074, Teixeira, Carlos Flávio, http://lattes.cnpq.br/9436258344686235, Wachholz, Wilhelm, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3084707254950329.

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Christian ethics and brings her endless riches can extract elements to living a less painful for women subjugated to family violence and can facilitate numerous contributions to gender relations. However, the various aspects of man's domination over the woman demanded a rethink. We propose that analysis from other possible interpretation of the Bible, in which love and Jesus' behavior gives new meaning to the values and customs built on the history of societies, cultures and religions, where discriminatory actions have proliferated to the wife. There should be no contradiction between religion and the inclusion of women in access to citizenship and dignity. It is possible to man a Christian or not, relationships provide free of oppression and permeated human rights. The victims who survived their stories and one of them spoke so loudly that gave us a law that prohibits domestic violence, the Maria da Penha Law, 2006. The civilian government and the Christian faith may join efforts for a peaceful coexistence between males and females, but the reduction of violence does not become tangible only because they were legitimate rights of non- infringement of physical and psychological integrity of women. All are called to deploy a speech, a practice and a biblical interpretation of God's love and care for the woman.

A ética cristã traz riquezas infindáveis e dela podemos extrair elementos para uma convivência menos doída para as mulheres subjugadas à violência intrafamiliar e podemos viabilizar inúmeras contribuições para as relações de gênero. Entretanto, os diversos aspectos da dominação do homem sobre a mulher demandam um repensar. Propomos esta análise a partir de outra interpretação possível da Bíblia, em que o amor e comportamento de Jesus dão re-significados aos valores e costumes construídos na história das sociedades, culturas e religiosidades, de onde proliferaram ações discriminatórias para com a mulher. Não deveria haver qualquer contradição entre a religiosidade e a inclusão de mulheres no acesso à cidadania e à dignidade. É possível ao homem cristão, ou não, propiciar relacionamentos livres de opressão e permeados pelos direitos humanos. As vítimas que sobreviveram contam suas histórias e uma delas falou tão alto que nos presenteou com uma lei que coíbe a violência doméstica, a lei Maria da Penha, de 2006. O governo civil e a fé cristã podem somar esforços por uma convivência pacífica entre gênero masculino e feminino, mas a diminuição da violência não se torna tangível apenas porque foram legitimados os direitos da não violação da integridade física e psíquica da mulher. Todos estão convocados para implantar um discurso, uma prática e uma interpretação bíblica do amor e cuidado de Deus para com a mulher.

Advisors/Committee Members: Wachholz, Wilhelm, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3084707254950329, Pauly, Evaldo Luis, http://lattes.cnpq.br/7187415721002122, Streck, Gisela Isolde Waechter, http://lattes.cnpq.br/3906144692619471, CPF:72747161072, CPF:56419236991, CPF:28860071968.