+publisher:"Cornell University" +contributor:("McBride,Murray Brian")

Cornell University

1. Tian, Jia. Optical Radiative Transfer Features of Dry and Wet Soils.

Degree: PhD, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2018, Cornell University

► Due to the importance of soil moisture in many fields of study, and given the sparsity of systematic research on radiative transfer features of moist… (more)

▼ Due to the importance of soil moisture in many fields of study, and given the sparsity of systematic research on radiative transfer features of moist soil in the optical domain, this dissertation focuses on both the spectral reflectance and transmittance features of dry and wet soils. In this work, the spectral reflectance and transmittance of soil are examined. The experiments lead to possible physical explanations for the spectral and directional features of reflectance spectra, and the results suggest how optical and proximal remote sensing might be useful in observations of soil moisture content. The first experiment considered the change in spectral reflectance of soil samples during evaporative drying. The water absorption band depths at 970 nm and 1160 nm, in near infrared, decreased monotonically as the water content decreased, but they were not detectable in all samples; these water absorption bands will not be generally useful for observing surface soil moisture. In contrast, the band depths of the 1440 nm and 1930 nm absorption features were very responsive to the water content over the entire drying cycle. The change in band depth at 1930 nm was particularly interesting since the direction of the change reversed simultaneous with soil water evaporation rate change. A simple mathematical model suggests that the pattern of change in the band depth is related to the near extinction of light at the band center relative to the band shoulders. The second experiment examined the degree to which light transmitted through quartz sand samples would maintain any directional characteristics. Transmittance decreased monotonically as the illumination angle increase, but slowly at all wavelengths. This indicates that directional radiation transmitted through the sand layer becomes diffuse with a millimeters-thin sand layer. For the saturated samples, the influence of water on light transmittance in the VNIR (350-1300 nm) was the reverse of that in the SWIR (1330-2500 nm) wavelength region. In the VNIR, transmittance increased in the saturated sample relative to the dry sample, while transmittance decreased sharply after 1330 nm, with obvious spectral features characteristic of water absorption. Analysis of transmittance by quartz sand samples suggests that most of the directional variation due to the change in illumination angle can be attributed to surface reflective loss. The implication is that the directional reflection may be treated as a surface phenomenon, with the volume reflectance contributing a diffuse component. The third experiment considered directional spectral reflectance of soil samples under dry and saturated conditions. When the samples were dry, the directional reflectance changed obviously with the phase angle, showing a stronger backward reflectance, while the forward reflectance was generally lower. For saturated soil samples, the directional characteristics of spectral reflectance apparent with dry soil were substantially reduced. In particular, the strong backward scattering weakened. Instead,… Advisors/Committee Members: Philpot, William Douglas (chair), McBride, Murray Brian (committee member), Stewart, Harry Eaton (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Remote sensing

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APA (6^th Edition):

Tian, J. (2018). Optical Radiative Transfer Features of Dry and Wet Soils. (Doctoral Dissertation). Cornell University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1813/59378

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tian, Jia. “Optical Radiative Transfer Features of Dry and Wet Soils.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Cornell University. Accessed March 01, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1813/59378.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tian, Jia. “Optical Radiative Transfer Features of Dry and Wet Soils.” 2018. Web. 01 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Tian J. Optical Radiative Transfer Features of Dry and Wet Soils. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Cornell University; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 01]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/59378.

Council of Science Editors:

Tian J. Optical Radiative Transfer Features of Dry and Wet Soils. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Cornell University; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/59378

Cornell University

2. Ptak, Corey. Formation Of Iron Complexes In Soil Organic Matter And Their Influence On Mobility And Bioavailability Of Antimony.

Degree: PhD, Environmental Toxicology, 2013, Cornell University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/33832

► Antimony (Sb) is a metalloid belonging to group 15 of the periodic table. Chemical similarities between arsenic (As) and Sb produce concerns about potential health… (more)

▼ Antimony (Sb) is a metalloid belonging to group 15 of the periodic table. Chemical similarities between arsenic (As) and Sb produce concerns about potential health effects of Sb and enrichment in the Environment. Sb is found in the environment as an oxyanionic species, antimonate (Sb(OH)6-). As a result of its net negative charge, antimonate was not initially predicted to have strong interactions with natural organic matter. It has been suggested that oxyanionic species could bind the negatively charged organic matter via a ternary complexation mechanism, in which cationic metals mediate the strong association between organic matter functional groups and oxyanions. The structure of these complexes remains poorly characterized. XANES spectroscopy was performed on organic soils amended with increasing iron levels in order to elucidate the structure of organically complexed iron. Humic acid complexes of iron were also synthesized and examined using XANES and Mossbauer spectroscopy. Two distinct iron sites were found in organic materials. A monomeric iron site and an oligomeric site consisting of small clusters of iron at sub-oxide levels. Phosphate exchangeable Sb was predicted to represent the majority of soil bound Sb. However, phosphate extractable Sb from soils is lower than anticipated. The affect to phosphate on Sb retention in organic soils was examined. Phosphate addition significantly reduced Sb retention in organic soils treated with Fe. The influence of organically complexed Fe on the mobility of Sb was assessed. Increasing Fe amendments resulted in an increase in Sb retention in organic soils. Further examination of the bioavailability of Sb to maize seedlings as a function of organically complexed Fe was examined using a greenhouse study. An unexpected increase in plant tissue Sb was observed as organically complexed Fe increased, which was not predicted by extractions commonly used to assess bioavailable Sb. Extraction of soils with organic acids common to the maize rhizosphere suggested that organic acid exudation can readily mobilize Sb bound by organic iron complexes. Overall, iron complexes in soil organic materials were found to have significant implications on mobility and bioavailability of Sb. Additionally, methods used to assess bioavailable Sb underestimate Sb mobility in organic soils. Advisors/Committee Members: McBride, Murray Brian (chair), Ahner, Beth A (committee member), Duxbury, John M (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Antimony; Soil Organic Matter; Iron

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ptak, C. (2013). Formation Of Iron Complexes In Soil Organic Matter And Their Influence On Mobility And Bioavailability Of Antimony. (Doctoral Dissertation). Cornell University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1813/33832

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ptak, Corey. “Formation Of Iron Complexes In Soil Organic Matter And Their Influence On Mobility And Bioavailability Of Antimony.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, Cornell University. Accessed March 01, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1813/33832.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ptak, Corey. “Formation Of Iron Complexes In Soil Organic Matter And Their Influence On Mobility And Bioavailability Of Antimony.” 2013. Web. 01 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Ptak C. Formation Of Iron Complexes In Soil Organic Matter And Their Influence On Mobility And Bioavailability Of Antimony. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Cornell University; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 01]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/33832.

Council of Science Editors:

Ptak C. Formation Of Iron Complexes In Soil Organic Matter And Their Influence On Mobility And Bioavailability Of Antimony. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Cornell University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/33832

Cornell University

3. Xiao, Xiao. Degradation Of Emerging Contaminants By Fe- And Mn- Based Oxidation Methods In Aqueous Solution.

Degree: PhD, Environmental Toxicology, 2012, Cornell University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/31181

► Presence of pharmaceuticals and endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in the environment is of growing concern due to their potential ecological impacts and constant release. Conventional… (more)

▼ Presence of pharmaceuticals and endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in the environment is of growing concern due to their potential ecological impacts and constant release. Conventional treatment plants are inefficient in removing such compounds, driving the need for innovative treatment methods. Oxidation processes are attractive options because structure alterations by oxidation can lead to reduced biological activity, increased biodegradability and mineralization. Three oxidation treatment methods, Anodic Fenton treatment (AFT), crypomelane-type manganese oxides and biogenic manganese oxides were evaluated using pharmaceutical and EDCs probes. Ciprofloxacin (CIP), a widely used fluoroquinolone, was degraded in the AFT system. Fast removal was observed in minutes. The degradation kinetics were found to deviate from the classical AFT model. This change in kinetic pattern is because speciation distribution changes as the solution pH self-optimizes to acidic conditions, and reaction affinity of the CIP species toward the hydroxyl radical is protonation dependent. Modification was made to the AFT model to account for the pH induced change in reaction affinity. Process condition was optimized at pH 3.2, giving a Fenton reagent delivery ratio of [H2O2]:[Fe2+] between 10 to15. Analysis on structures and evolution pattern of degradation products indicated elimination of the antibiotic activity of the solution after AFT treatment. Cryptomelane is a framework type manganese oxide whose synthetic counterpart has gained wide industry application. Oxidative degradation of CIP by synthetic cryptomelane (OMS-2) was not successful. Doping V or Mo into the framework of OMS-2 increased its oxidative reactivity significantly. 9% Mo doping was found to give the best performance. Structure characterization results indicated that the improvement was mainly due to increased surface area upon doping. Response surface methodology was applied to find the optimal treatment condition: pH 3 and [Oxidant]:[Substrate] molar ratio [GREATER-THAN OR EQUAL TO] 50. Analysis of degradation products suggested that the oxidation mainly takes place at the piperazine ring of CIP. Lower biological activity of the products is expected since the piperazine ring is an important substituent on the quinolone core structure that affects antibiotic potency. Biogenic manganese oxide (BioMnOx) is formed by Leptothrix discophora SS-1. Successful removal of CIP and BPA by BioMnOx can be achieved, but the reaction rates were slower by BioMnOx, compared to that by synthetic MnO2. This is probably due to a larger particle size, smaller surface area and lower average oxidation states of BioMnOx. The bleaching procedure improved the reactivity of BioMnOx significantly. Generally, lower solution pH is favorable for the oxidation reaction. Presence of cations can slow down the oxidation process even more by competing for the reactive sites. Humic acid can affect the oxidative degradation via two countering effects: blocking of surface reactive sites which reduces… Advisors/Committee Members: Lemley, Ann Theresa (chair), Hay, Anthony G. (committee member), McBride, Murray Brian (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: ciprofloxacin; Bisphenol A; advanced oxidation; anodic Fenton; cryptomelane; biogenic manganese oxides

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Xiao, X. (2012). Degradation Of Emerging Contaminants By Fe- And Mn- Based Oxidation Methods In Aqueous Solution. (Doctoral Dissertation). Cornell University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1813/31181

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Xiao, Xiao. “Degradation Of Emerging Contaminants By Fe- And Mn- Based Oxidation Methods In Aqueous Solution.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Cornell University. Accessed March 01, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1813/31181.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Xiao, Xiao. “Degradation Of Emerging Contaminants By Fe- And Mn- Based Oxidation Methods In Aqueous Solution.” 2012. Web. 01 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Xiao X. Degradation Of Emerging Contaminants By Fe- And Mn- Based Oxidation Methods In Aqueous Solution. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Cornell University; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 01]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/31181.

Council of Science Editors:

Xiao X. Degradation Of Emerging Contaminants By Fe- And Mn- Based Oxidation Methods In Aqueous Solution. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Cornell University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/31181

Cornell University

4. Engler, Katherine. The Worm Has Turned: Developing Strategies For Assessing The Risks Of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds.

Degree: PhD, Environmental Toxicology, 2013, Cornell University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/34289

► Estrogen-like endocrine disrupting compounds (EEDCs) are found in a variety of products to which humans are exposed, such as plastics and personal hygiene products. These… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Endocrine disruptors; Bioavailability; Risk Assessment

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APA (6^th Edition):

Engler, K. (2013). The Worm Has Turned: Developing Strategies For Assessing The Risks Of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds. (Doctoral Dissertation). Cornell University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1813/34289

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Engler, Katherine. “The Worm Has Turned: Developing Strategies For Assessing The Risks Of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, Cornell University. Accessed March 01, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1813/34289.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Engler, Katherine. “The Worm Has Turned: Developing Strategies For Assessing The Risks Of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds.” 2013. Web. 01 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Engler K. The Worm Has Turned: Developing Strategies For Assessing The Risks Of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Cornell University; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 01]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/34289.

Council of Science Editors:

Engler K. The Worm Has Turned: Developing Strategies For Assessing The Risks Of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Cornell University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/34289

Cornell University

5. Lim, Maya. Arsenic Uptake By Sweet Alyssum (Lobularia Maritima): Effects On Plant Metabolism And Larvae Of The Small White Butterfly (Pieris Rapae).

Degree: M.S., Ecology, Ecology, 2015, Cornell University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/41138

► Arsenic, once commonly used as a pesticide, is highly toxic to consumers but also can influence plant metabolism and growth. Therefore, soil arsenic can affect… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: arsenic; plant; insect

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APA (6^th Edition):

Lim, M. (2015). Arsenic Uptake By Sweet Alyssum (Lobularia Maritima): Effects On Plant Metabolism And Larvae Of The Small White Butterfly (Pieris Rapae). (Masters Thesis). Cornell University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1813/41138

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lim, Maya. “Arsenic Uptake By Sweet Alyssum (Lobularia Maritima): Effects On Plant Metabolism And Larvae Of The Small White Butterfly (Pieris Rapae).” 2015. Masters Thesis, Cornell University. Accessed March 01, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1813/41138.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lim, Maya. “Arsenic Uptake By Sweet Alyssum (Lobularia Maritima): Effects On Plant Metabolism And Larvae Of The Small White Butterfly (Pieris Rapae).” 2015. Web. 01 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Lim M. Arsenic Uptake By Sweet Alyssum (Lobularia Maritima): Effects On Plant Metabolism And Larvae Of The Small White Butterfly (Pieris Rapae). [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Cornell University; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 01]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/41138.

Council of Science Editors:

Lim M. Arsenic Uptake By Sweet Alyssum (Lobularia Maritima): Effects On Plant Metabolism And Larvae Of The Small White Butterfly (Pieris Rapae). [Masters Thesis]. Cornell University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/41138

6. Tian, Jia. Study Of Water Absorption Band Depth Features With Varied Soil Properties During The Drying Process.

Degree: M.S., Civil and Environmental Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2016, Cornell University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/43643

► Selected spectral reflectance features of soils are examined with respect to their relationship to soil water content. Three soil samples selected to represent a range… (more)

▼ Selected spectral reflectance features of soils are examined with respect to their relationship to soil water content. Three soil samples selected to represent a range of particle size distribution, texture, and drying characteristics were monitored as the samples progressed from fully saturated to air dry. Spectral reflectance was collected over the wavelength range 350 nm to 2500 nm, a range in which four major water absorption bands exist: two in the visible/nearinfrared (VNIR) region centered at 970 nm and 1160 nm, and the other two in the shortwave infrared (SWIR) region centered at 1440 nm and 1930 nm. The water absorption bands were the focus of this work with the expectation that these features would be the most sensitive indicators of the surface water content. However, the two absorption features in VNIR region were not useful for all three soils, so the two absorption bands in SWIR region became the focus in this study, especially the more sensitive 1930 nm band. Plots of the changing absorption band depths in the SWIR region were similar in shape among three soil samples. Three to four approximately linear stages were observed over the whole drying process, however, the transitions between drying stages did not occur at consistent points in the drying process, making it difficult to build a direct relationship between the absorption features and volumetric water content that would be independent of the soil type. Although no general, soil-independent relationship could be found between an absorption feature and volumetric water content, there were characteristic changes in the band depth features that were coincident with evaporation stage transitions. Initially, the depth of the band centered at 1930 nm increased steadily and slowly with decreasing soil water content, reached a maximum, and then abruptly decreased marking a distinct change between the early and late, relatively steady drying rate stages. During the late stage, the magnitude of the band depth decreased sharply with only a small change in water content. The decrease was coincident with the water evaporation transition from stage-1 (constant, relatively fast evaporation rate) to stage2 (slower evaporation rate), a transition which is related to the exhaustion of pore water and the initial loss of adsorbed water. The two SWIR water absorption band depths did not decrease with decreasing soil water content monotonically, which is counterintuitive. In order to understand the process, a simple mathematical model was built which suggested that the pattern of change in the band depth was related to the near extinction of light at the band center relative to the band shoulders. This extinction can be related to a specific water optical path length. The maximum absorption band depth at 1930 nm (and the associated water optical path length) appears to coincide with a trace amount of water present in the pore spaces for all three soil samples, which is consistent with the transition in drying rates. Advisors/Committee Members: Philpot,William Douglas (chair), McBride,Murray Brian (committee member), Stewart,Harry Eaton (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: remote sensing; soil water content; water absorption band depth

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APA (6^th Edition):

Tian, J. (2016). Study Of Water Absorption Band Depth Features With Varied Soil Properties During The Drying Process. (Masters Thesis). Cornell University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1813/43643

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Tian, Jia. “Study Of Water Absorption Band Depth Features With Varied Soil Properties During The Drying Process.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Cornell University. Accessed March 01, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1813/43643.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Tian, Jia. “Study Of Water Absorption Band Depth Features With Varied Soil Properties During The Drying Process.” 2016. Web. 01 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Tian J. Study Of Water Absorption Band Depth Features With Varied Soil Properties During The Drying Process. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Cornell University; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 01]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/43643.

Council of Science Editors:

Tian J. Study Of Water Absorption Band Depth Features With Varied Soil Properties During The Drying Process. [Masters Thesis]. Cornell University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/43643

Cornell University

7. Wharton, Sarah. Concentration And Spatial Variability Of Soil Pb Measured In Urban Yards And Gardens.

Degree: M.S., Soil and Crop Sciences, Soil and Crop Sciences, 2012, Cornell University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/29176

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Wharton, S. (2012). Concentration And Spatial Variability Of Soil Pb Measured In Urban Yards And Gardens. (Masters Thesis). Cornell University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1813/29176

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wharton, Sarah. “Concentration And Spatial Variability Of Soil Pb Measured In Urban Yards And Gardens.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Cornell University. Accessed March 01, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1813/29176.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wharton, Sarah. “Concentration And Spatial Variability Of Soil Pb Measured In Urban Yards And Gardens.” 2012. Web. 01 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Wharton S. Concentration And Spatial Variability Of Soil Pb Measured In Urban Yards And Gardens. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Cornell University; 2012. [cited 2021 Mar 01]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/29176.

Council of Science Editors:

Wharton S. Concentration And Spatial Variability Of Soil Pb Measured In Urban Yards And Gardens. [Masters Thesis]. Cornell University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1813/29176

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