+publisher:"Colorado State University" +contributor:("Meiman, Paul")

Colorado State University

1. Getts, Thomas Jordan. Vegetation management and restoration species safety with aminocyclopyrachlor.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, 2015, Colorado State University

► Aminocyclopyrachlor is a synthetic auxin herbicide in the pyrimidine carboxylic acid family, and is the only herbicide within the family. Aminocyclopyrachlor exhibits excellent herbicide activity… (more)

▼ Aminocyclopyrachlor is a synthetic auxin herbicide in the pyrimidine carboxylic acid family, and is the only herbicide within the family. Aminocyclopyrachlor exhibits excellent herbicide activity offering multiple year control of many broadleaf noxious weeds and many non-desirable tree species (DuPont 2009). A non-native tree, Russian olive is the fourth most common woody species in the western United States and has been shown to cause many detrimental ecological impacts. Removing Russian olive allows native species to reestablish within certain areas. Where the soil seed bank is depleted and there is not a native seed source nearby, planting restoration species can be desirable after invasive species removal. Biodiversity of native plant species can help support larger suites of desirable species within an ecosystem. Restoration is not just important after invasive species removal, but after disturbances such as mining, fire, and floods Two studies were conducted to investigate potential restoration uses of aminocyclopyrachlor within the Northern Front Range of Colorado. The objective of the first research project was to assess restoration species herbicide tolerance. Two types of tolerance were of interest; species soil residual herbicide tolerance, and species tolerance to foliar herbicide applications. The objective of the second research project was to determine the effectiveness of cut stump applications of aminocyclopyrachlor for the control large Russian olive trees. The first study evaluated the tolerance of eight monocot species and eight broadleaf species to thirteen soil residual herbicide treatments at two pre plant application timings and two post emergence application timings of sixteen herbicides. The study was located at the Colorado State University Horticultural Research Farm from 2010 to 2012. Initial percent frequency, relative change in percent frequency, and biomass were used to evaluate the tolerance of species tested. Variables were analyzed for each species, at each application timing, looking for differences among herbicide treatments. No difference in initial establishment percent frequency was detected for any species*herbicide combination compared to the untreated check (p>05). Relative percent frequency change from 2011 to 2012 was not significant compared to the untreated for any monocot species*herbicide combination (p>.05). However, differences were detected for dicot species*herbicide combinations (p<.05). No differences in biomass occurred for any species*herbicide combination compared to the untreated check (p>.05). Generally there were numerical trends in the data, suggesting monocot species were relatively tolerant to the herbicides tested at all four application timings. Numerically, percent frequency and biomass values indicated certain dicot species establishment was inhibited by certain soil residual herbicide treatments, and were completely removed by certain foliar herbicide applications. In general monocot species tested were more tolerant than dicot species… Advisors/Committee Members: Westra, Philip (advisor), Jacobi, William (committee member), Meiman, Paul (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: cut stump; restoration planting; vegetation management; herbicide tolerance; aminocyclopyrachlor; Russian olive

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APA (6^th Edition):

Getts, T. J. (2015). Vegetation management and restoration species safety with aminocyclopyrachlor. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/166890

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Getts, Thomas Jordan. “Vegetation management and restoration species safety with aminocyclopyrachlor.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/166890.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Getts, Thomas Jordan. “Vegetation management and restoration species safety with aminocyclopyrachlor.” 2015. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Getts TJ. Vegetation management and restoration species safety with aminocyclopyrachlor. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/166890.

Council of Science Editors:

Getts TJ. Vegetation management and restoration species safety with aminocyclopyrachlor. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/166890

Colorado State University

2. Wilbur, Hannah Darrough. Plant-insect interactions and management options for Verbascum thapsus L. in Colorado.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Ecology, 2011, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/70837

► In the field of invasion biology, understanding the ecology of a species goes hand and hand with understanding management options. Common mullein (Verbascum thapsus L.)… (more)

▼ In the field of invasion biology, understanding the ecology of a species goes hand and hand with understanding management options. Common mullein (Verbascum thapsus L.) is a non-native plant introduced to North America from Europe in the 1700s. It has naturalized and spread throughout North America, with populations establishing after disturbance. Through a series of field experiments, I tested the effect of insect herbivory on the growth of V. thapsus in Colorado and also investigated management options for the reproductive stage of this biennial plant. Verbascum thapsus, while widespread, is rarely problematic in undisturbed habitats. This may be due to interactions with new community members, such as insect herbivores, that limit population size. Starting in 2009, I followed a population of V. thapsus plants in a disturbed landscape in Loveland, Colorado. A subset of the population was protected from herbivores with insecticides, reducing overall herbivore damage during the bolting year, for the first year, and throughout the lifecycle of the plants. Reducing herbivory in the first year increased the size that V. thapsus rosettes reached by the fall. Reducing herbivory during only the bolting year of the plant increased the height of the bolting plants. Reducing herbivory over both growing seasons increased plant height, the length of the reproductive stalk, and seed set. Plants with reduced herbivory also had higher rates of survival. Thus, insect herbivory reduced performance of V. thapsus in this study and may be one of the factors that prevents this introduced plant from dominating its recipient communities. Mechanical control of V. thapsus via digging or cutting stalks is considered the best option for management. Current practice encourages the collection of reproductive stalks from the field to limit the spread of seeds. While effective, this substantially increases the labor involved in management. I tested the viability of V. thapsus seeds collected at three sites in Colorado at various times during the growing season to see if the collection and disposal of reproductive stalks is necessary. I found that harvesting before seed capsules had turned brown reduced seed viability dramatically (mean early reproductive stage = 0.08%, 95% CI = 0.06%, 0.67%; mean mid reproductive stage = 1.52%, 95% CI = 0.49%, 3.11%). I suggest focusing mechanical control efforts during the early and mid-season if possible, as at those times plants can safely be left on site. When control efforts occur later in the season after seed capsules begin to turn brown, it is important that reproductive stalks be removed from the field. Advisors/Committee Members: Hufbauer, Ruth (advisor), Norton, Andrew (committee member), Meiman, Paul (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: common mullein; Verbascum thapsus; non-native plants; invasion biology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wilbur, H. D. (2011). Plant-insect interactions and management options for Verbascum thapsus L. in Colorado. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/70837

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wilbur, Hannah Darrough. “Plant-insect interactions and management options for Verbascum thapsus L. in Colorado.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/70837.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wilbur, Hannah Darrough. “Plant-insect interactions and management options for Verbascum thapsus L. in Colorado.” 2011. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Wilbur HD. Plant-insect interactions and management options for Verbascum thapsus L. in Colorado. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/70837.

Council of Science Editors:

Wilbur HD. Plant-insect interactions and management options for Verbascum thapsus L. in Colorado. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/70837

Colorado State University

3. Stube, Cassandra J. Kieffer. Interactions between Bromus tectorum L. (cheatgrass) and native ruderal species in ecological restoration.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, 2012, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/75121

► Bromus tectorum L. is an invasive annual grass that dominates much of the rangeland in western North America. It has shown an impressive ability to… (more)

▼ Bromus tectorum L. is an invasive annual grass that dominates much of the rangeland in western North America. It has shown an impressive ability to invade ecosystems, causing substantial changes in the composition and function of native plant and soil communities in ways that promote further exotic invasion through displacement of native plant species and slowing or halting of succession. B. tectorum has several characteristics, including high reproductive rates, affinity for disturbed sites, and the ability to create positive feedback conditions in invaded sites, which make it highly successful at invading new sites, and extremely challenging to remove during revegetation efforts. Traditional control methods including herbicide application, grazing, and burning have largely proven unsuccessful at preventing establishment and spread of B. tectorum. Similarly, restoration seed mixes often consist of native perennial grass species, which tend to be slower growing and less robust in disturbed sites, and therefore provide little competition against B. tectorum and do not promote the reestablishment of native plant communities. In addition, seed mixes are often planted at a fraction of the rate of annual B. tectorum seed production, giving them a distinct disadvantage. Native ruderal species share many traits with B. tectorum and could potentially compete with this invader if used at high, competitive seeding rates in restoration efforts, and may alter site characteristics in ways that promote succession of the native plant community. One key characteristic that may be closely associated with community development is the development and composition of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) community. AMF are important for resource acquisition by a majority of plant species. They are particularly important for late-seral plant species, which typically exist in low available nutrient conditions. Bromus tectorum causes shifts in the mycorrhizal community that could lead to a loss of AMF species richness and abundance in a very short time period, resulting in conditions that are difficult for late-seral species to colonize, due to a lack of access to resources through host-specific plant-AMF relationships. Utilizing native seed mixes composed of species selected for specific functional and competitive traits, and mycorrhizal status, and creating seeding rates designed to increase interspecific competition with B. tectorum may provide the missing link for successful restoration of B. tectorum-invaded sites. A study was conducted in northern Colorado to determine whether native ruderal species could suppress B. tectorum establishment and persistence in a disturbed site, and how these effects compared to similar effects by sterile wheat. In this study, B. tectorum was seeded with and without a high rate native ruderal seed mix and a sterile wheat species (QuickGuardTM) used in revegetation efforts for erosion control. Bromus tectorum biomass and density data were collected, as well as biomass and density for all seeded native… Advisors/Committee Members: Paschke, Mark (advisor), Brown, Cynthia (committee member), Meiman, Paul (committee member).

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APA (6^th Edition):

Stube, C. J. K. (2012). Interactions between Bromus tectorum L. (cheatgrass) and native ruderal species in ecological restoration. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/75121

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Stube, Cassandra J Kieffer. “Interactions between Bromus tectorum L. (cheatgrass) and native ruderal species in ecological restoration.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/75121.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Stube, Cassandra J Kieffer. “Interactions between Bromus tectorum L. (cheatgrass) and native ruderal species in ecological restoration.” 2012. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Stube CJK. Interactions between Bromus tectorum L. (cheatgrass) and native ruderal species in ecological restoration. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/75121.

Council of Science Editors:

Stube CJK. Interactions between Bromus tectorum L. (cheatgrass) and native ruderal species in ecological restoration. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/75121

Colorado State University

4. Kramer, Natalie. Investigation into beaver-induced Holocene sedimentation using ground penetrating radar and seismic refraction: Beaver Meadows, Rocky Mountain National Park, An.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Geosciences, 2011, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/51880

► This study used ~1 km of near-surface seismic refraction (SSR) data and ~6 km of ground penetrating radar (GPR) data to infer the impact of… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: ground penetrating radar; beaver; Holocene; Rocky Mountain National Park; sediment; seismic refraction

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kramer, N. (2011). Investigation into beaver-induced Holocene sedimentation using ground penetrating radar and seismic refraction: Beaver Meadows, Rocky Mountain National Park, An. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/51880

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kramer, Natalie. “Investigation into beaver-induced Holocene sedimentation using ground penetrating radar and seismic refraction: Beaver Meadows, Rocky Mountain National Park, An.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/51880.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kramer, Natalie. “Investigation into beaver-induced Holocene sedimentation using ground penetrating radar and seismic refraction: Beaver Meadows, Rocky Mountain National Park, An.” 2011. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Kramer N. Investigation into beaver-induced Holocene sedimentation using ground penetrating radar and seismic refraction: Beaver Meadows, Rocky Mountain National Park, An. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/51880.

Council of Science Editors:

Kramer N. Investigation into beaver-induced Holocene sedimentation using ground penetrating radar and seismic refraction: Beaver Meadows, Rocky Mountain National Park, An. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/51880

Colorado State University

5. Spitzer, Daniel B. Relationships between anatomy and climate in members of the subfamily Pooideae.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, 2019, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/199833

► As climate continues to change, it will become increasingly important to accurately predict the landscape-level response of plant functional groups to climatic shifts. Relationships between… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: climate; plant distribution; xylem; grass; anatomy; Poaceae

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APA (6^th Edition):

Spitzer, D. B. (2019). Relationships between anatomy and climate in members of the subfamily Pooideae. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/199833

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Spitzer, Daniel B. “Relationships between anatomy and climate in members of the subfamily Pooideae.” 2019. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/199833.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Spitzer, Daniel B. “Relationships between anatomy and climate in members of the subfamily Pooideae.” 2019. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Spitzer DB. Relationships between anatomy and climate in members of the subfamily Pooideae. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/199833.

Council of Science Editors:

Spitzer DB. Relationships between anatomy and climate in members of the subfamily Pooideae. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/199833

Colorado State University

6. Douglass, Cameron Hale. Ecosystem impacts of tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) management in the Arkansas River watershed, Colorado: effects of disturbance and herbicide residues on passive plant community restoration.

Degree: PhD, Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, 2013, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/78842

► Tamarisk (Tamarix L.) is now one of the most common species of woody plants along waterways in arid and semi-arid areas of the western United… (more)

▼ Tamarisk (Tamarix L.) is now one of the most common species of woody plants along waterways in arid and semi-arid areas of the western United States. Tamarisk was intentionally introduced over a century ago for ornamental purposes and erosion control projects, but its expansion since has been influenced by altered hydrologic regimes and global climate change. Approximately sixty years ago the species started to be perceived by federal scientists as noxious and was targeted for control. As the first chapter in this dissertation outlines, management of tamarisk has occurred by many methods, but primarily combinations of herbicides and mechanical tree removal. Successive chapters detail laboratory, greenhouse and field experiments that determined the ecological impacts of currently used tamarisk control strategies, with a particular emphasis on the effects of herbicide residues on plant community restoration patterns following management. First, an in vitro study and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis were used to quantify soil degradation rates for imazapyr and triclopyr from six sites in Colorado. A dose response study was then conducted at two of these sites to determine the relative sensitivity of important restoration plant species to the two herbicides. Exponential decay models estimated imazapyr half-lives (t50) for two soils at 51 and 76 days, and triclopyr half-lives (t50) for all soils averaged 7 days. Glycyrrhiza lepidota was the only species to demonstrate sensitivity to triclopyr. Atriplex canescens, Elymus canadensis and Sporobolus airoides were the most sensitive to typical imazapyr residues. Fecundity in S. airoides and Bouteloua curtipendula were also negatively impacted by the highest rate of both triclopyr (3.92 kg ai ha-1) and imazapyr (0.28 kg ai ha-1). Microbially-mediated degradation of triclopyr was estimated to occur 6.5 times more rapidly than imazapyr. Second, at three field sites in southeastern Colorado a study was conducted that used three dimensional artificial trees and repeated soil sampling to determine whether tamarisk tree canopies retained aerially-applied imazapyr, and if this retention affected soil residues and degradation. Tamarisk mortality was also quantified using repeated stand and individual tree measurements. The average tree canopy captured 75% of aerially-released imazapyr, resulting in significantly lower soil residues beneath the tree canopy. Although initial imazapyr soil residue levels outside the tree canopy were almost four time greater than those inside, soil degradation occurred more than twice as rapidly in outside soils and resulted in lower residue levels. Helicopter imazapyr applications resulted in 98% tamarisk mortality within two years, but the consistency of treatment effectiveness was reduced by non-linear stand boundaries and tall site obstructions. The same factors also increased variability in the actual quantity of herbicide applied to sites, increasing the probability of substantial non-target ecosystem impacts. Last, field plots… Advisors/Committee Members: Nissen, Scott (advisor), Bauerle, Bill (committee member), Meiman, Paul (committee member), Norton, Andrew (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Tamarix Spp.; Tamarisk; Imazapyr; restoration; Triclopyr

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APA (6^th Edition):

Douglass, C. H. (2013). Ecosystem impacts of tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) management in the Arkansas River watershed, Colorado: effects of disturbance and herbicide residues on passive plant community restoration. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/78842

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Douglass, Cameron Hale. “Ecosystem impacts of tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) management in the Arkansas River watershed, Colorado: effects of disturbance and herbicide residues on passive plant community restoration.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado State University. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/78842.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Douglass, Cameron Hale. “Ecosystem impacts of tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) management in the Arkansas River watershed, Colorado: effects of disturbance and herbicide residues on passive plant community restoration.” 2013. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Douglass CH. Ecosystem impacts of tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) management in the Arkansas River watershed, Colorado: effects of disturbance and herbicide residues on passive plant community restoration. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/78842.

Council of Science Editors:

Douglass CH. Ecosystem impacts of tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) management in the Arkansas River watershed, Colorado: effects of disturbance and herbicide residues on passive plant community restoration. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/78842

Colorado State University

7. Vassios, Joseph D. Herbicide absorption and translocation by Eurasian watermilfoil and hydrilla.

Degree: PhD, Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, 2012, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/67656

► Hydrilla and Eurasian watermilfoil are submersed invasive species that occur commonly across the US. These species are aggressive competitors, and form dense, monotypic stands. Dense… (more)

▼ Hydrilla and Eurasian watermilfoil are submersed invasive species that occur commonly across the US. These species are aggressive competitors, and form dense, monotypic stands. Dense stands of these species form mats on the surface, and impact water flow, as well as the economic and ecological value of water bodies. With the severe impact of these species, many control methods have been implemented to restore value to infested areas. The systemic herbicides fluridone, penoxsulam, and triclopyr are registered for aquatic use. While all three herbicides can be used for Eurasian watermilfoil control, only fluridone and penoxsulam can be used for hydrilla. The rates and selectivity for these herbicides have been documented, but little work has been completed to characterize their absorption and translocation in submersed aquatic species. The goals of this research were to (1) evaluate herbicide absorption and translocation following shoot exposure, (2) evaluate herbicide absorption and translocation following root exposure, and (3) evaluate triclopyr absorption and translocation in Eurasian watermilfoil following liquid and granular treatments. Previous work established linear relationships between herbicide lipophilicity (as determined by log KOW) and bioaccumulation in both terrestrial and aquatic species. Based on the differences in lipophilicity among the three herbicides tested (fluridone>>penoxsulam>triclopyr) we expected fluridone to accumulate the most in these species, with significantly lower accumulation of penoxsulam and triclopyr. Bioaccumulation following root exposure followed this trend, with significantly greater fluridone accumulation than penoxsulam or triclopyr; however, following shoot exposure, triclopyr accumulation was greatest in both species 192 HAT, followed by fluridone and penoxsulam. Overall accumulation was similar for both species following root exposure, but accumulation following shoot exposure was approximately three times greater for Eurasian watermilfoil. Translocation was limited following both root and shoot exposures. The translocation following root treatment was greater than shoot treatment in nearly all cases, with up to 27% of absorbed herbicide present in shoots 192 HAT. Translocation following shoot treatment showed a maximum of 12.5% of absorbed herbicide present in roots 192 HAT. These findings are consistent with previous work that indicated there was more acropetal than basipetal translocation in submersed species. There were no significant differences in overall absorption by Eurasian watermilfoil following liquid and granular triclopyr treatments; however, differences were observed between plant parts. Apical meristems accumulated the most triclopyr following liquid treatment, and root accumulation was greatest following granular treatment. Distribution at the whole plant level resulted in 11 times more herbicide in roots following granular treatment when compared to the liquid treatment. These results indicate that granular formulations may provide… Advisors/Committee Members: Nissen, Scott (advisor), Westra, Philip (committee member), Shaner, Dale (committee member), Meiman, Paul (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: absorption; herbicide; translocation; weed; Eurasian watermilfoil; Hydrilla

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APA (6^th Edition):

Vassios, J. D. (2012). Herbicide absorption and translocation by Eurasian watermilfoil and hydrilla. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/67656

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Vassios, Joseph D. “Herbicide absorption and translocation by Eurasian watermilfoil and hydrilla.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado State University. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/67656.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Vassios, Joseph D. “Herbicide absorption and translocation by Eurasian watermilfoil and hydrilla.” 2012. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Vassios JD. Herbicide absorption and translocation by Eurasian watermilfoil and hydrilla. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/67656.

Council of Science Editors:

Vassios JD. Herbicide absorption and translocation by Eurasian watermilfoil and hydrilla. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/67656

Colorado State University

8. Kessler, Kallie C. Litter reduction by prescribed burning can extend downy brome control.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, 2014, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/88563

► Downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.) is a highly successful invasive species primarily because it fills an open niche in native plant communities. It also produces… (more)

▼ Downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.) is a highly successful invasive species primarily because it fills an open niche in native plant communities. It also produces large amounts of litter over time. We hypothesized that removing accumulated litter with a prescribed burn before applying herbicides would improve herbicide efficacy, extending the duration of control. In January 2012, two downy brome infested sites were burned. In March 2012, post-emergent applications of glyphosate, imazapic, and tebuthiuron were made in a split-plot design. Aboveground biomass was collected at 6, 18 and 27 months after treatment (MAT) to evaluate treatment effects. In non-burned areas, all herbicide treatments were similar to the control 27 MAT; however, burning combined with imazapic or tebuthiuron reduced downy brome biomass 27 MAT by 81% ± 4.6 SE and 84% ± 19.3 SE, respectively. Remnant species responded positively to burning and herbicide treatments. Native cool season grass biomass increased after burning while native warm season grass biomass increased following tebuthiuron treatments. The impact of litter on imazapic and tebuthiuron availability was also evaluated. Herbicide interception increased in a linear relationship with increasing litter. For every 50 g•m-2 increase in litter there was a 7% increase in the amount of herbicide intercepted, meaning that 75% of the applied herbicide was intercepted by 360 g•m-2 of litter. A simulated rainfall event of 5 mm, 7 days after application, removed a significant amount of herbicide. This indicates that at sites with surface litter, timely precipitation could be critical for herbicide efficacy; however, when burning was used to remove litter and was followed by herbicides with residual soil activity, downy brome control was extended. Due to downy brome's relatively short seed viability in the soil, extending herbicide efficacy to several years could help to reduce the soil seed bank. Advisors/Committee Members: Beck, K. George (advisor), Nissen, Scott J. (committee member), Meiman, Paul J. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: imazapic; tebuthiuron; soil seed bank; cheatgrass; restoration; Bromus tectorum

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kessler, K. C. (2014). Litter reduction by prescribed burning can extend downy brome control. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/88563

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kessler, Kallie C. “Litter reduction by prescribed burning can extend downy brome control.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/88563.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kessler, Kallie C. “Litter reduction by prescribed burning can extend downy brome control.” 2014. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Kessler KC. Litter reduction by prescribed burning can extend downy brome control. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/88563.

Council of Science Editors:

Kessler KC. Litter reduction by prescribed burning can extend downy brome control. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/88563

Colorado State University

9. Barr, Stephanie. Optimal seed mixtures and seeding rates for restoration of surface disturbances on Colorado shortgrass steppe.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, 2013, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/81001

► The discovery of oil and gas resources over the last decade has led to unprecedented localized and dispersed surface disturbances on shortgrass steppe ecosystems in… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: restoration success; shortgrass steppe; seed mix diversity; seeding rate

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APA (6^th Edition):

Barr, S. (2013). Optimal seed mixtures and seeding rates for restoration of surface disturbances on Colorado shortgrass steppe. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/81001

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Barr, Stephanie. “Optimal seed mixtures and seeding rates for restoration of surface disturbances on Colorado shortgrass steppe.” 2013. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/81001.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Barr, Stephanie. “Optimal seed mixtures and seeding rates for restoration of surface disturbances on Colorado shortgrass steppe.” 2013. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Barr S. Optimal seed mixtures and seeding rates for restoration of surface disturbances on Colorado shortgrass steppe. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/81001.

Council of Science Editors:

Barr S. Optimal seed mixtures and seeding rates for restoration of surface disturbances on Colorado shortgrass steppe. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/81001

Colorado State University

10. Hirsch, Mandi L. Understory community dynamics ten years after a mixed-severity wildfire in ponderosa pine and aspen stands in the Black Hills of South Dakota, USA.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, 2012, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/68116

► Wildfires are important disturbances due to their ability to influence many ecosystem processes and functions. Following a mixed-severity wildfire, understory vegetation composition and structure may… (more)

▼ Wildfires are important disturbances due to their ability to influence many ecosystem processes and functions. Following a mixed-severity wildfire, understory vegetation composition and structure may undergo both long- and short-term changes because of modified growing conditions, removal of overstory competition and changes in the amounts of available resources. While more rapid, short-term changes are easily observed and documented, understanding long-term changes is of critical importance for management purposes and allowing professionals to gain insights into forest composition following a major disturbance. Late in the summer of 2000, 34,000 ha of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Lawson & C. Lawson) forests in the Black Hills of South Dakota burned in what is now called the Jasper Fire; the largest wildfire recorded in the state's history. The Jasper Fire was classified as a mixed-severity wildfire resulting in a mosaic of areas burned at low- (25%), moderate- (48%) and high-severity (27%). Following the fire, plant communities appeared to recover rapidly leading to questions regarding how long various postfire communities would persist, how postfire community development varied by fire severity, and differences observed between zones of the Jasper Fire. Ultimately, many were interested in long-term postfire community dynamics. In this study we examined the understory vegetation composition and structure (relative abundance of graminoids, forbs and shrubs) and frequency of invasive species relative to fire severity (unburned, low, moderate and high) and zone (northern, central and southern) in ponderosa pine and aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) stands 10 years after the Jasper Fire in the Black Hills of South Dakota, USA. In both ponderosa pine and aspen sites, understory community composition differed by zone and severity simultaneously. In ponderosa pine stands, canopy cover of four species varied by only zone or severity and eleven varied by zone and severity simultaneously. In aspen stands, canopy cover of two species varied only by zone or severity and canopy cover of three species varied by zone and severity simultaneously. Grass and shrub cover were explained by the interaction of zone and severity in ponderosa pine stands while cover of forbs varied by zone and severity but not their interaction. In aspen stands grass, forb and shrub cover all varied by zone and severity simultaneously. Grass and forb cover values 10 years postfire were similar to the 5 year postfire levels, and were greatest in moderate and high-severity burned areas. Shrub cover was also similar 5 and 10 years postfire, with lower values in burned areas driven by the loss of common juniper (Juniperus communis L.). Although common juniper cover was drastically decreased by fire, other shrubs are beginning to appear across the landscape. Total plant cover appeared to be lower 10 years postfire than compared to 5 years postfire which might be driven by a shift from annual and biennial plants to perennial plants. Frequencies of invasive… Advisors/Committee Members: Meiman, Paul J. (advisor), Shepperd, Wayne D. (committee member), Brummer, Joe E. (committee member).

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hirsch, M. L. (2012). Understory community dynamics ten years after a mixed-severity wildfire in ponderosa pine and aspen stands in the Black Hills of South Dakota, USA. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/68116

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hirsch, Mandi L. “Understory community dynamics ten years after a mixed-severity wildfire in ponderosa pine and aspen stands in the Black Hills of South Dakota, USA.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/68116.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hirsch, Mandi L. “Understory community dynamics ten years after a mixed-severity wildfire in ponderosa pine and aspen stands in the Black Hills of South Dakota, USA.” 2012. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Hirsch ML. Understory community dynamics ten years after a mixed-severity wildfire in ponderosa pine and aspen stands in the Black Hills of South Dakota, USA. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/68116.

Council of Science Editors:

Hirsch ML. Understory community dynamics ten years after a mixed-severity wildfire in ponderosa pine and aspen stands in the Black Hills of South Dakota, USA. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/68116

Colorado State University

11. Stephens, Garrett J. Understory responses to mechanical removal of pinyon-juniper overstory.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Ecology, 2014, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/82535

► Declining Colorado mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) populations have necessitated improved habitat management techniques. In particular, oil and gas development in the Piceance Basin of western… (more)

▼ Declining Colorado mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) populations have necessitated improved habitat management techniques. In particular, oil and gas development in the Piceance Basin of western Colorado has impacted critical winter range, creating a need for treatments that will increase forage, and especially palatable shrub species. Pinyon-juniper (Pinus spp - Juniperus spp) tree removal is one technique, however it is unclear which method of tree removal will most effectively promote forage species. This experiment quantified understory responses to pinyon-juniper canopy removal and seed additions using three different methods: anchor chain, rollerchopper, and hydro-ax. Twenty-one 0.8-ha plots were mechanically treated during the fall of 2011 (7 replicates of each treatment). Half of each plot was seeded prior to mechanical treatment with a mix of native grasses, shrubs, and forbs. After two growing seasons, productivity of forbs, grasses, and shrubs combined was roughly three times greater in hydro-ax, rollerchop, and chain plots relative to control plots (where tree removal did not occur). Comparisons of vegetation productivity among treated plots showed that the response of early seral species, some of which were included in the seed mix, was dependent upon the interaction of seeding and mechanical treatments. Specifically, the productivity of annual species was greater in seeded versus unseeded plots for chain and hydro-ax but not for rollerchop. Rollerchop plots, however, had greater productivity of non-native species than chain or hydro-ax (such as Salsola tragus, Descurainia sophia, and Bromus tectorum). Also, the abundance of shrubs, which are an important source of winter forage, was greater in seeded than unseeded subplots. Results after two growing seasons suggest that all three mechanical treatments increase forage productivity and of the three techniques, rollerchop may promote non-native establishment (primarily forbs). At this early stage in plant community development, differences in the effect of mechanical treatments on shrub forage are not yet apparent, but may emerge with future monitoring. Advisors/Committee Members: Paschke, Mark (advisor), Johnston, Danielle (advisor), Meiman, Paul (committee member), Wilson, Ken (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: pinyon-juniper; mastication; mechanical treatments; mule deer

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APA (6^th Edition):

Stephens, G. J. (2014). Understory responses to mechanical removal of pinyon-juniper overstory. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/82535

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Stephens, Garrett J. “Understory responses to mechanical removal of pinyon-juniper overstory.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/82535.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Stephens, Garrett J. “Understory responses to mechanical removal of pinyon-juniper overstory.” 2014. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Stephens GJ. Understory responses to mechanical removal of pinyon-juniper overstory. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/82535.

Council of Science Editors:

Stephens GJ. Understory responses to mechanical removal of pinyon-juniper overstory. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/82535

Colorado State University

12. Ortiz, Mirella F. Endothall behavior in five aquatic weeds.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, 2018, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/191372

► Endothall is one of the original aquatic herbicides being primarily to control submersed plants since 1960. Endothall is considered a contact herbicide, in a chemical… (more)

▼ Endothall is one of the original aquatic herbicides being primarily to control submersed plants since 1960. Endothall is considered a contact herbicide, in a chemical class of its own, it is a serine/threonine protein phosphatase inhibitor, which has broad-spectrum control and is effective in controlling both monocotyledons and dicotyledons. Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.) (EWM), hydrilla [Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle], curlyleaf pondweed (Potamogeton crispus L.) (CLP), and sago pondweed (Potamogeton pectinatus L.) (SPW) are submersed aquatic species considered troublesome throughout the United States, which can be controlled with endothall. These species can form extensive, undesirable surface canopies, which can negatively impact water flow, water quality, economic and ecological value of water bodies. Although endothall is considered a contact herbicide, many field observations suggest that it might have systemic activity. The goals of this research were to (1) determine maximum herbicide absorption and absorption rate, (2) evaluate herbicide translocation from shoots to roots in EWM, two hydrilla biotypes, CLP, and SPW, and (3) evaluate herbicide desorption in EWM and two hydrilla biotypes. Each weed species was clonally propagated from apical shoot cutting or turions/tubers when present. For herbicide absorption and translocation, plants of each species with developed roots and 15 cm of shoot growth were transferred to test tubes containing unwashed silica sand and sealed at the top with a low melting point eicosane wax to isolate the root system from the water column. Plants were exposed to the herbicide over 192 h. At predetermined time points three plants of each species were harvested, divided into shoot and root tissue, and oxidized. Herbicide desorption was evaluated over 96 h. Endothall absorption was linear in hydrilla, while in EWM, CLP and SPW it best fit an asymptotic rise function. Translocation to EWM, CLP, and SPW roots was limited, reaching a maximum translocation of 8%, 3% and 1% of total absorbed radioactivity, respectively. Monoecious and dioecious hydrilla showed a linear increase without reaching maximum absorption or translocation 192 HAT. Endothall translocation to monoecious and dioecious hydrilla roots was 18% and 16% of total absorbed radioactivity, respectively. Herbicide desorption was less than 30% for all the three species evaluated. These data provide strong evidence that endothall behaves as a systemic herbicide in these aquatic species. Advisors/Committee Members: Nissen, Scott (advisor), Gray, Cody (advisor), Dayan, Franck (committee member), Meiman, Paul (committee member).

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ortiz, M. F. (2018). Endothall behavior in five aquatic weeds. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/191372

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ortiz, Mirella F. “Endothall behavior in five aquatic weeds.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/191372.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ortiz, Mirella F. “Endothall behavior in five aquatic weeds.” 2018. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Ortiz MF. Endothall behavior in five aquatic weeds. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/191372.

Council of Science Editors:

Ortiz MF. Endothall behavior in five aquatic weeds. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/191372

Colorado State University

13. Clark, Shannon Lee. New paradigm in rangeland restoration: using a pre-emergent herbicide to assist in native plant establishment and release, A.

Degree: PhD, Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, 2019, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/195286

► Invasive winter annual grasses (IWAG), especially downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.), are a significant threat to rangeland ecosystems in the western United States. Invasions in… (more)

▼ Invasive winter annual grasses (IWAG), especially downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.), are a significant threat to rangeland ecosystems in the western United States. Invasions in natural ecosystems can cause severe negative impacts by reducing native plant diversity and lowering community productivity, increasing fire frequency, and displacing native vegetation that is critical wildlife and pollinator habitat. Herbicides currently used for IWAG management can provide adequate short-term control; however, results can be inconsistent and injury to desirable species can occur. Indaziflam (Esplanade®, Bayer CropScience) is a new herbicide option for long-term IWAG control in natural areas and rangeland. As a cellulose biosynthesis inhibitor, indaziflam stops root growth in newly germinated seedlings by preventing cellulose formation. Field studies were conducted to assess native plant tolerance, revegetation and broadleaf weed seedling control with indaziflam applications. At two sites, indaziflam did not impact perennial grass cover, native species richness, or the community composition of forbs and shrubs at one and two years after treatment (YAT). However, the abundance of native forbs and shrubs was reduced by treatments containing picloram and aminocyclopyrachlor. In a separate field study at two sites, a glyphosate dose response showed approximately three times more glyphosate was needed for a 50% reduction (GR50) in feral rye biomass (GR50 = 126.0 g ae ha-1) compared to downy brome biomass (GR50 = 40.4 g ae ha-1). Indaziflam treatments still resulted in reduced downy brome and feral rye biomass compared to the non-treated check 3 YAT, while imazapic and glyphosate did not provide control beyond the first year. Establishment of cool-season grasses (C3), warm-season grasses (C4) and forb/shrubs through drill seeding was only successful across all three functional groups in treatments which included indaziflam. C3 grasses had greater establishment, with an average frequency of 61 ± 1.7% (mean ± SE) at Site 1 and 46 ± 2.6% SE at Site 2 at 3 YAT. In a third field study, treatments containing indaziflam had increased Dalmatian toadflax [Linaria dalmatica (L.) P. Mill], diffuse knapweed (Centaurea diffusa Lam.), and common mullein (Verbascum thapsus L.) control 2 YAT compared to treatments without indaziflam. A laboratory assay was conducted to evaluate the impact of litter on imazapic, rimsulfuron, and indaziflam availability. Downy brome litter at 2,600 kg ha-1 intercepted 84.3 ± 1.0% SE of the applied herbicide. Simulated rainfall at 0 days (d) after application was able to recover 100% of the intercepted rimsulfuron and imazapic, while recovery decreased to 65 ± 1.7% at 1 d and 7 d. Only 54 ± 1.9% of indaziflam could be recovered at 0 d, and recovery decreased to 33 ± 1.1% when simulated rain was applied at 1d or 7 d after application. The multi-year winter annual grass control provided by indaziflam could provide a new strategy for rangeland restoration, allowing enough time for the release of the remnant native plant… Advisors/Committee Members: Nissen, Scott (advisor), Dayan, Franck (committee member), Meiman, Paul (committee member), Bjostad, Lou (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: imazapic; invasive winter annual grasses; downy brome; restoration; indaziflam

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APA (6^th Edition):

Clark, S. L. (2019). New paradigm in rangeland restoration: using a pre-emergent herbicide to assist in native plant establishment and release, A. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/195286

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Clark, Shannon Lee. “New paradigm in rangeland restoration: using a pre-emergent herbicide to assist in native plant establishment and release, A.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado State University. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/195286.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Clark, Shannon Lee. “New paradigm in rangeland restoration: using a pre-emergent herbicide to assist in native plant establishment and release, A.” 2019. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Clark SL. New paradigm in rangeland restoration: using a pre-emergent herbicide to assist in native plant establishment and release, A. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/195286.

Council of Science Editors:

Clark SL. New paradigm in rangeland restoration: using a pre-emergent herbicide to assist in native plant establishment and release, A. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/195286

Colorado State University

14. Bowles, Brock. Development of a sagebrush steppe plant community 33 years after surface disturbance.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Forest, Rangeland, and Watershed Stewardship, 2011, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/47304

► The sagebrush steppe ecosystem is the most endangered ecosystem in North America due to sagebrush eradication, weed invasions and energy development. Restoration of sagebrush steppe… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: seedmix; fertilizer; Piceance; plant community; restoration; sagebrush

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APA (6^th Edition):

Bowles, B. (2011). Development of a sagebrush steppe plant community 33 years after surface disturbance. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/47304

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bowles, Brock. “Development of a sagebrush steppe plant community 33 years after surface disturbance.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/47304.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bowles, Brock. “Development of a sagebrush steppe plant community 33 years after surface disturbance.” 2011. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Bowles B. Development of a sagebrush steppe plant community 33 years after surface disturbance. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/47304.

Council of Science Editors:

Bowles B. Development of a sagebrush steppe plant community 33 years after surface disturbance. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/47304

Colorado State University

15. Schroeder, Jesse D. Emergence of seeded forbs in established stands of Geyer's larkspur on Colorado rangelands.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, 2013, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/79184

► Larkspurs (Delphinium spp.) are considered by many to be the most damaging poisonous plants on rangelands in the western United States. Larkspurs are palatable and… (more)

▼ Larkspurs (Delphinium spp.) are considered by many to be the most damaging poisonous plants on rangelands in the western United States. Larkspurs are palatable and acutely toxic to cattle resulting in a consistently large number of annual cattle deaths on western rangelands in the United States. Attempts to avoid the toxic effects of larkspurs often result in missed opportunities to harvest considerable amounts of high-quality forage and dictate management of infested rangelands. Herbicide application can effectively reduce larkspur, but also reduces other herbaceous plants expected to compete most directly with larkspur for resources, so recovery of larkspur following herbicide application is common. A field study was conducted in the foothills of northern Colorado to determine whether seeded forbs would emerge after being sown into existing stands of Geyer's larkspur (Delphinium geyeri), and whether pre-seeding application of two herbicides at light-rates would reduce initial competition from larkspur and increase emergence of seeded forbs. Seedling emergence of native forbs was compared to introduced forbs in sprayed (2 different herbicides) and unsprayed stands of Geyer's larkspur. Experimental plots were randomly assigned one of nine possible treatment combinations and replicated 3 times in each of 3 locations. The treatments consisted of all possible combinations of seeding (native forb mixture, introduced forb mixture, and unseeded), herbicide (2,4-D LV4, picloram, and unsprayed) and location (1, 2, and 3). Larkspur density was consistently reduced by herbicide at all locations regardless of seed mixture and no difference was detected between the two herbicides. Perennial grasses were unaffected by herbicide and seeding treatments. Treatment effects on larkspur canopy cover were not obvious. At 2 of the 3 locations, larkspur canopy cover in unsprayed plots was similar to one or both herbicide treatments. At the third location, larkspur canopy cover in plots treated with picloram was less than 2 of the 3 unsprayed plots and less than all three plots treated with 2,4-D. 2,4-D reduced canopy cover of non-target forbs compared to the unsprayed plots at all three locations, and also compared to the picloram treatment at two locations. Canopy cover of non-target forbs in plots treated with picloram was similar to unsprayed plots at 2 of the 3 locations, and reduced at the other. Sub-shrub cover was greatest in unsprayed plots and reduced by picloram and 2,4-D at 2 of 3 locations. Seedling density of seeded forbs was very low and dependent on location, herbicide, and seed mixture but the effects were variable and subtle. Results suggest that both herbicides reduced larkspur and other existing broadleaf species. The picloram treatment seemed to be more effective at reducing larkspur while leaving greater non-target forb cover than 2,4-D. However, there are indications of a slight reduction in seedling density of seeded forbs in the picloram treated plots. Advisors/Committee Members: Meiman, Paul J. (advisor), Paschke, Mark W. (committee member), Brummer, Joe E. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: delphinium; larkspur; geyeri; forbs; emergence

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Schroeder, J. D. (2013). Emergence of seeded forbs in established stands of Geyer's larkspur on Colorado rangelands. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/79184

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Schroeder, Jesse D. “Emergence of seeded forbs in established stands of Geyer's larkspur on Colorado rangelands.” 2013. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/79184.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Schroeder, Jesse D. “Emergence of seeded forbs in established stands of Geyer's larkspur on Colorado rangelands.” 2013. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Schroeder JD. Emergence of seeded forbs in established stands of Geyer's larkspur on Colorado rangelands. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/79184.

Council of Science Editors:

Schroeder JD. Emergence of seeded forbs in established stands of Geyer's larkspur on Colorado rangelands. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/79184

Colorado State University

16. Goodrich, Amy C. Assessing vegetation reestablishment on disturbed high mountain lakeshores following historic dam removal in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, 2016, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/173557

► Dam removal has entered the public spotlight in recent years, due to growing safety, economic, and environmental concerns related to dams. Removal is increasingly seen… (more)

▼ Dam removal has entered the public spotlight in recent years, due to growing safety, economic, and environmental concerns related to dams. Removal is increasingly seen as a way to address not only the risks associated with aging and/or obsolete dams, but also as a tool for ecological restoration. In 1982, then-79-year-old Lawn Lake Dam in Rocky Mountain National Park failed, resulting in three deaths, and extensive monetary damages and destruction of natural resources within the Park. This was followed by a policy decision to remove three dams in the Park between 1988 and 1990, returning the former reservoirs to their previous natural lake water levels, and re-exposing nearly 13 hectares of scoured shoreline, completely denuded of vegetation by approximately 80 years of inundation. The disturbed lakeshore areas were left to undergo passive restoration. In the years immediately following dam removal, one short-term (3 year) revegetation study was conducted at Lawn Lake, and informal observational data were gathered by NPS personnel at a handful of plots established at the disturbed lakeshores of Bluebird, Sandbeach, and Pear Lakes. However, no further published analyses of data were made available, and until 2014 the vegetation at these lakeshores had not been surveyed to determine longer-term effects of damming and dam removal to reestablished vegetation. The goal of this study was to identify any persisting effects of historic damming and subsequent dam removal on vegetation characteristics such as species richness and diversity and community composition in the previously submerged lake margin areas surrounding the formerly dammed lakes, as well as the more elevated surrounding areas that had not been inundated. To do this, in July to September of 2014 I conducted surveys of vascular plant cover by species in 150 plots at nine high mountain lakes, including the four formerly dammed lakes and five undammed reference lakes. Site-specific environmental variables slope, aspect, elevation, elevation above current waterline, and soil texture were recorded at each plot. Plots were categorized as “elevated” or “lake margin” based on an elevation cutoff from the current waterline, to separate plots that had been previously submerged at dammed lake sites from more elevated sites that had not. I analyzed data from plots in each category for the effect of lake type (formerly dammed or reference) by fitting linear mixed models to species richness and diversity response. I performed a hierarchical cluster analysis that identified eight distinct vegetation communities, and performed non-metric multi-dimensional scaling (NMS) to explore relationships between vegetation community composition and site-specific measured environmental variables. No significant differences in vegetation characteristics of the elevated areas were found between formerly dammed and reference lakes. In previously submerged areas of formerly dammed lakes, however, species richness was significantly higher, compared to the similarly-located lake margin… Advisors/Committee Members: Paschke, Mark (advisor), Meiman, Paul (advisor), Steingraeber, David A. (committee member), Jonas-Bratten, Jayne (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: high mountain; revegetation; succession; restoration; dam removal; Rocky Mountain National Park

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APA (6^th Edition):

Goodrich, A. C. (2016). Assessing vegetation reestablishment on disturbed high mountain lakeshores following historic dam removal in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/173557

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Goodrich, Amy C. “Assessing vegetation reestablishment on disturbed high mountain lakeshores following historic dam removal in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/173557.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Goodrich, Amy C. “Assessing vegetation reestablishment on disturbed high mountain lakeshores following historic dam removal in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA.” 2016. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Goodrich AC. Assessing vegetation reestablishment on disturbed high mountain lakeshores following historic dam removal in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/173557.

Council of Science Editors:

Goodrich AC. Assessing vegetation reestablishment on disturbed high mountain lakeshores following historic dam removal in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/173557

Colorado State University

17. Battle, David C. Movement patterns, behavior, and habitat use of female moose on Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, AK.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, 2016, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/173501

► Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson (JBER), which is a combined United States Army/Air Force installation, and neighboring Anchorage, Alaska, support a population of moose Alces alces (Linnaeus,… (more)

▼ Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson (JBER), which is a combined United States Army/Air Force installation, and neighboring Anchorage, Alaska, support a population of moose Alces alces (Linnaeus, 1758) that inhabit a fragmented landscape of habitat types interspersed with human development. Because development plans in support of the military mission may have significant impacts on moose movement in the area, JBER and Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G) biologists began a study of moose habitat use and behavior on JBER. In order to help identify behaviors in wild radio-collared moose captured on JBER, we tested Telonics tri-axial accelerometers for accuracy in the detection of activity and the identification of behaviors in radio-collared moose. Direct observations of three captive animals fitted with radio collars containing accelerometers allowed us to calibrate activity readings to observed behaviors. We developed four datasets in order to test whether readings from this type of accelerometer could identify specific behaviors (browsing, grazing, walking, standing, lying), behavior categories (feeding, traveling, resting), or simply when moose were active or inactive. Multiple threshold criteria were tested in order to maximize correlation to observed behaviors. The highest overall accuracy was achieved when using threshold criteria to characterize behaviors as active (92.29% accuracy) or inactive (90.64% accuracy). A Fisher’s Exact Test indicated that there was no significant difference between observed behaviors and those correctly classified using threshold criteria for either active (p = .9728) or inactive (p = .9431) behaviors, indicating that our threshold criteria is correctly classifying these behaviors. In the next phase of this study, we collected 244,957 GPS locations from 18 female moose captured on JBER and fitted with GPS collars equipped with the same model tri-axial accelerometer used in the captive trials. Data from the accelerometers were used to characterize moose behavior as active or inactive. GPS locations, along with behavior patterns and movement characteristics, were used to rank JBER habitat types. Turning angle and speed were calculated between successive locations for each animal across the animal’s home range. Values were pooled for all animals and used to assess movement characteristics by season and habitat type. The highest velocity recorded for a 60 minute period was 1.50 m/s (5.40 kph), and 99.50% of all steps had velocities < 0.26 m/s (0.94 kph). Turning angle groups did not vary among either habitat types (p = 1.00) or seasons (p = 0.99). A new, intuitive home range estimation method, Dynamic Potential Path Area (dynPPA), was used to incorporate behavioral states into the delineation of animal home ranges. We delineated dynPPA home ranges by season for each moose, and used this technique in combination with Jacobs Index (which measures utilization in relation to availability) to determine habitat preference. Seasonal dynPPA home range sizes averaged 15.28 km2 in… Advisors/Committee Members: Rittenhouse, Larry (advisor), Farley, Sean (advisor), Meiman, Paul (committee member), Peel, Kraig (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: alces; habitat use; moose; dynamic potential path area; Alaska; Jacob's Index

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APA (6^th Edition):

Battle, D. C. (2016). Movement patterns, behavior, and habitat use of female moose on Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, AK. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/173501

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Battle, David C. “Movement patterns, behavior, and habitat use of female moose on Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, AK.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/173501.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Battle, David C. “Movement patterns, behavior, and habitat use of female moose on Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, AK.” 2016. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Battle DC. Movement patterns, behavior, and habitat use of female moose on Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, AK. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/173501.

Council of Science Editors:

Battle DC. Movement patterns, behavior, and habitat use of female moose on Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, AK. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/173501

Colorado State University

18. Ghajar, Shayan. Home on the digital range: range-related Web outreach and ranchers' internet use.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, 2014, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/82552

► Access to the internet continues to improve in rural areas, ensuring ranchers will have increasing opportunities to use the Web to find information about management… (more)

▼ Access to the internet continues to improve in rural areas, ensuring ranchers will have increasing opportunities to use the Web to find information about management practices that may provide ecological and financial benefits to their ranches. While past studies have examined the role of the internet in informing daily decision-making by agricultural producers, no studies have focused specifically on describing and analyzing the use of the internet by ranchers in the Western United States. This study uses a mixed-methods approach to assess the extent and patterns of ranchers' internet use in Colorado and Wyoming, identify barriers to greater use, and establish a typology of Web use behavior by ranchers. We also assess a sample of current range-related websites by measuring the presence or absence of features and characteristics shown by past research to enhance potential impacts on site visitors. Our findings indicate that internet use is widespread, and that age, education, and risk tolerance can predict the extent to which a rancher will rely on the internet for day-to-day ranch management. A cluster analysis delineated four separate Web usage typologies among ranchers with which outreach personnel can determine the potential utility of digital outreach tools for their programming based on their target audience and topics of outreach. The website assessment found that educational sites in our sample could improve their potential perceived credibility and their potential impact on visitors' attitudes by using testimonials and quotations more frequently. Based on these findings, we recommend that rangeland outreach personnel determine the potential benefits of incorporating online outreach depending on which typology or typologies of Web-using ranchers they are targeting. Additionally, range-related websites should attempt to incorporate as many message characteristics and structural features as possible to maximize their potential perceived credibility by website visitors, and to increase their potential for altering their attitudes about a topic. Advisors/Committee Members: Fernández-Giménez, Maria E. (advisor), Meiman, Paul (committee member), Vaske, Jerry (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: ecology; extension; outreach; ranching; rangeland; Internet

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ghajar, S. (2014). Home on the digital range: range-related Web outreach and ranchers' internet use. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/82552

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ghajar, Shayan. “Home on the digital range: range-related Web outreach and ranchers' internet use.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/82552.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ghajar, Shayan. “Home on the digital range: range-related Web outreach and ranchers' internet use.” 2014. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Ghajar S. Home on the digital range: range-related Web outreach and ranchers' internet use. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/82552.

Council of Science Editors:

Ghajar S. Home on the digital range: range-related Web outreach and ranchers' internet use. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/82552

Colorado State University

19. Stoneburner, Alexandra L. Trampling by cattle negatively impacts invasive yellow-flag iris (Iris pseudacorus) under flooded conditions.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, 2020, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/219555

► Yellow-Flag Iris (Iris pseudacorus L.) is a non-native, invasive wetland plant in North America that disrupts riparian ecosystem processes. Due to its physiological and morphological… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: invasive aquatic plant; non-structural carbohydrates; yellow-flag iris; Iris pseudacorus; cattle trampling; riparian

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APA (6^th Edition):

Stoneburner, A. L. (2020). Trampling by cattle negatively impacts invasive yellow-flag iris (Iris pseudacorus) under flooded conditions. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/219555

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Stoneburner, Alexandra L. “Trampling by cattle negatively impacts invasive yellow-flag iris (Iris pseudacorus) under flooded conditions.” 2020. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/219555.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Stoneburner, Alexandra L. “Trampling by cattle negatively impacts invasive yellow-flag iris (Iris pseudacorus) under flooded conditions.” 2020. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Stoneburner AL. Trampling by cattle negatively impacts invasive yellow-flag iris (Iris pseudacorus) under flooded conditions. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2020. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/219555.

Council of Science Editors:

Stoneburner AL. Trampling by cattle negatively impacts invasive yellow-flag iris (Iris pseudacorus) under flooded conditions. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/219555

Colorado State University

20. Lenachuru, Clement Isaiah. Ilchamus pastoralists' indigenous knowledge and its use in coping with and adapting to climate change in Marigat, Kenya.

Degree: PhD, Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, 2016, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/176593

► In view of present and future changes in weather and climate, documenting how pastoralists use their indigenous knowledge (IK) in coping with and adapting to… (more)

▼ In view of present and future changes in weather and climate, documenting how pastoralists use their indigenous knowledge (IK) in coping with and adapting to climate change in their localities is increasingly important, as this knowledge may inform climate adaptation policies and practices. The objectives of this dissertation are: 1) to document the Ilchamus pastoralist IK about weather and climate, including indicators of environmental change; 2) to establish how the Ilchamus acquire, share and transmit their IK over generations and within their community; and 3) to investigate how their IK informs Ilchamus decision-making in their livelihood production systems. To address these objectives, I conducted focus groups discussions with men and women in four communities, and administered a household questionnaire to 331 households in Marigat Sub-County, Kenya in 2010 and 2011. I found that the Ilchamus possess rich local knowledge on weather and climate, and use a variety of physical and biological indicators to detect environmental change. They observe changes in many of these indicators, and attribute many of these changes to climate change. Ilchamus obtain their indigenous knowledge through interactions with the biophysical environment, and from a variety of other traditional and non-traditional sources within the community. Ilchamus community members also use a number of formal information sources about weather and climate, including radio and television. Indigenous knowledge is not evenly distributed in the community, and Ilchamus often consult local experts in addition to using their experiential knowledge. Use of traditional and formal sources of knowledge varies with age and education level. Community elders and those with less formal education rely more on traditional knowledge sources while younger and members that are more educated more often use formal sources of information. Ilchamus IK is passed from parents to children though daily interactions and folklore, and is shared within the community through social networks and organizational structures. Although there are many social structures through which knowledge is shared, most of them are exclusive to men. Women are therefore disadvantaged in that only one informal social network is available to them, and this network is task-specific and short term. Traditional means of IK transfer remain intact, but face a challenge from young and educated members of the community, who disregard or dismiss IK and value foreign cultures and practices over local traditions and lifestyles. Ilchamus elders complain of formal education eroding their culture. However, the elders also support formal education for the community’s children, which they see as providing more livelihood options for the future, beyond pastoralism. Ilchamus use a number of customary coping and adaptation strategies to deal with a variable and changing climate. They are aware of the possible consequences of climate change on their production systems and make livelihood decisions based on this… Advisors/Committee Members: Fernandez-Gimenez, Maria (advisor), Reid, Robin (advisor), Galvin, Kathleen (committee member), Meiman, Paul (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Ilchamus; Marigat; traditional knowledge; Indigenous knowledge; climate change; pastoralists

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APA (6^th Edition):

Lenachuru, C. I. (2016). Ilchamus pastoralists' indigenous knowledge and its use in coping with and adapting to climate change in Marigat, Kenya. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/176593

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lenachuru, Clement Isaiah. “Ilchamus pastoralists' indigenous knowledge and its use in coping with and adapting to climate change in Marigat, Kenya.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado State University. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/176593.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lenachuru, Clement Isaiah. “Ilchamus pastoralists' indigenous knowledge and its use in coping with and adapting to climate change in Marigat, Kenya.” 2016. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Lenachuru CI. Ilchamus pastoralists' indigenous knowledge and its use in coping with and adapting to climate change in Marigat, Kenya. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/176593.

Council of Science Editors:

Lenachuru CI. Ilchamus pastoralists' indigenous knowledge and its use in coping with and adapting to climate change in Marigat, Kenya. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/176593

Colorado State University

21. Dickey, Christopher Patrick King. States and transitions in aspen dominated ecosystems in western Colorado.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, 2017, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/181435

► In Colorado and the southwestern United States, quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) is a species of high ecological, economic, and aesthetic importance. In response to… (more)

▼ In Colorado and the southwestern United States, quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) is a species of high ecological, economic, and aesthetic importance. In response to the interests of several landowners and land managers in my study sites, this thesis describes my efforts to identify differences among aspen stand types in western Colorado and the ecological sites on which they occur; to describe aspen communities on different ecological sites based on species composition, functional traits, and drivers of change; and to synthesize this information in state-and-transition models (STM) applicable to specific ecological sites (ESs). In Chapter 2, I analyzed the results of aspen inventories and found that three of my four study sites contained aspen stands that are considered stable aspen subtypes. The fourth site contained stands representing a seral aspen type where conifer encroachment has occurred. I found higher frequencies and intensities of browsing in areas with isolated stands compared to areas with large continuous stands and in these areas there was evidence that browsing has affected juvenile aspen stem densities. Clear-felling on one site with large stable stands stimulated new stem growth, while prescribed burns on another site with smaller stable stands did not stimulate new stem growth. In Chapter 3, I classified sites based on soil and other abiotic site characteristics using partitioning around medoids (PAM). I then developed STMs for these sites using agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis, indicator species analysis, permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA), non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMS), and the Random Forest algorithm to identify plant species associations and correlated abiotic factors and management treatments. Three of my STMs depict aspen and non-aspen dominated states associated with differences in abiotic site characteristics, and one STM depicts a single aspen dominated state. My investigation of aspen health and factors contributing to aspen mortality provides land managers in western Colorado with useful information for making informed decisions regarding aspen management. The STMs I have developed for these sites show which abiotic variables can be expected to be correlated with specific vegetation states and will inform future STM development for aspen-dominated systems. My findings suggest that the frequency and intensity of herbivory has played a major role in aspen survival at three of my four study sites. Future work is needed to develop more complete STMs for aspen-dominated systems in western Colorado. Advisors/Committee Members: Meiman, Paul (advisor), Fernandez-Gimenez, Maria (advisor), Melzer, Susan (committee member), Shepperd, Wayne (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: aspen decline; seral; state-and-transition models; browsing; aspen; stable

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APA (6^th Edition):

Dickey, C. P. K. (2017). States and transitions in aspen dominated ecosystems in western Colorado. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/181435

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Dickey, Christopher Patrick King. “States and transitions in aspen dominated ecosystems in western Colorado.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/181435.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Dickey, Christopher Patrick King. “States and transitions in aspen dominated ecosystems in western Colorado.” 2017. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Dickey CPK. States and transitions in aspen dominated ecosystems in western Colorado. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/181435.

Council of Science Editors:

Dickey CPK. States and transitions in aspen dominated ecosystems in western Colorado. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/181435

22. Pierce, Courtney F. Identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with beef cattle terrain-use in the western United States.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Animal Sciences, 2019, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/195272

► Beef cattle are drawn to areas with gentle terrain, which may result in heavy grazing near riparian zones and minimal grazing on rugged terrain. Traditional… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: grazing distribution; QTL; terrain-use; GWAS; cattle; SNP

10 more images…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Pierce, C. F. (2019). Identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with beef cattle terrain-use in the western United States. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/195272

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Pierce, Courtney F. “Identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with beef cattle terrain-use in the western United States.” 2019. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/195272.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Pierce, Courtney F. “Identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with beef cattle terrain-use in the western United States.” 2019. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Pierce CF. Identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with beef cattle terrain-use in the western United States. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/195272.

Council of Science Editors:

Pierce CF. Identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with beef cattle terrain-use in the western United States. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/195272

Colorado State University

23. Monlezun, Anna Clare. Cattle as partners in conservation: the effects of grazing on indicators of rangeland health.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Animal Sciences, 2018, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/191442

► For centuries, the natural ecology of rangelands has supported large herds of herbivores. The partnership between these herbivores and the land has usually been, and… (more)

▼ For centuries, the natural ecology of rangelands has supported large herds of herbivores. The partnership between these herbivores and the land has usually been, and can continue to be a sustainable one. However, the debate over the use of public lands for cattle grazing continues to intensify. Scientific literature and corresponding recommendations regarding cattle management on rangelands are conflictual. This thesis proposes that the resolution is not to remove grazing from rangelands, but to effectively manage grazing for specific landscapes and ecosystem types. Grassland ecosystems are highly dynamic and maintained by continuous adaptation to biotic and abiotic events. Therefore, strategic grazing management that also incorporates dynamic adaptation to environmental conditions may produce successful outcomes with respect to cattle grazing and sustainable land management. The objective of this study was to compare selected indicators of rangeland health in ungrazed areas to adjacent areas where strategic grazing management had been implemented. It was hypothesized that compared to areas excluded from grazing, areas where strategic grazing was implemented would exhibit: increased nutrient cycling by integration of organic carbon and nitrogen into the soil, increased abundance of native graminoids and native forbs, and reduced abundance of noxious weeds. It was hypothesized that forage quality would follow a particular pattern because of grazing: a decrease in forage quality shortly following grazing, an increase in forage quality with a period of rest, and a decrease in forage quality with continued absence of grazing. Paired grazed and ungrazed areas were established in 6 pastures across a grassland valley on Colorado's Front Range, which had not been grazed for at least 10 years. In 2016, baseline data were collected from both grazed and ungrazed areas prior to grazing. Subsequent data were collected in 2017, following strategic grazing management and adequate rest. Linear mixed models were used to compare differences between grazed and ungrazed areas. Results indicated no significant differences in soil organic carbon (P = 0.97), total nitrogen (P = 0.64), relative abundance of native graminoids (P = 0.15) or relative abundance of forbs/subshrubs (P = 0.74) between grazed and ungrazed areas. In regards to forage quality, crude protein was lower (P = <0.01) and neutral detergent fiber was higher (P = 0.05) at the conclusion of the grazing period, but acid detergent fiber did not differ (P = 0.51) in grazed versus ungrazed areas. Additionally, areas that were grazed in the spring and received 2-3 months of rest demonstrated higher forage quality than areas that were grazed in the fall and received 9-10 months of rest as indicated by higher crude protein (P = 0.03), and a tendency for lower neutral detergent fiber (P = 0.06), but no difference in acid detergent fiber (P = 0.97). Chi-square tests for soil and vegetation variables detected no variation between pairs of grazed and ungrazed areas across the… Advisors/Committee Members: Rhoades, Ryan (advisor), Ahola, Jason (advisor), Brummer, Joe (committee member), Meiman, Paul (committee member), Turk, Philip (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: collaborative conservation; human dimension; rangeland management; grazing management; cattle grazing; public lands management

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APA (6^th Edition):

Monlezun, A. C. (2018). Cattle as partners in conservation: the effects of grazing on indicators of rangeland health. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/191442

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Monlezun, Anna Clare. “Cattle as partners in conservation: the effects of grazing on indicators of rangeland health.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/191442.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Monlezun, Anna Clare. “Cattle as partners in conservation: the effects of grazing on indicators of rangeland health.” 2018. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Monlezun AC. Cattle as partners in conservation: the effects of grazing on indicators of rangeland health. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/191442.

Council of Science Editors:

Monlezun AC. Cattle as partners in conservation: the effects of grazing on indicators of rangeland health. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/191442

Colorado State University

24. Krick, Nicholas Jon. Examining the unpredictable nature of yellow toadflax.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, 2011, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/46903

► Yellow toadflax (Linaria vulgaris Mill.) is an aggressive creeping perennial forb that was introduced to North America in the 1600's. It is now naturalized throughout… (more)

▼ Yellow toadflax (Linaria vulgaris Mill.) is an aggressive creeping perennial forb that was introduced to North America in the 1600's. It is now naturalized throughout the United States and Canada and is a serious weed in the Intermountain West. This plant threatens cropping systems, rangelands, and natural areas. Colorado State University Weed Science has conducted research on yellow toadflax control for more than 20 years yielding variable and inconsistent results. Short term success has been achieved; however, recommendations for acceptable long term control are unavailable. Dramatic site-to-site variation has been observed, but the source of that variation has not been determined. Yellow toadflax is an obligate outcrossing species that exhibits much genetic and phenotypic variation and may inhabit a wide range of ecosystems. The success of managing yellow toadflax might hinge on application timing; therefore, an observational study of root bud phenology was conducted for 2 years at two sites in Colorado. This study showed that yellow toadflax exhibited a pattern of root bud development and that pattern had an important relationship to flowering. Root buds were present throughout the growing season, but their numbers fluctuated. Following bud emergence in the spring, bud numbers declined until they reached their lowest counts around the full bloom/seed set growth stage. Following this growth stage, bud numbers increased suggesting the root system was a demanding carbohydrate sink. This observational study supported results from herbicide field trials. Identical herbicide efficacy trials were conducted at five separate locations in Colorado where four rates of chlorsulfuron and imazapyr were each applied in September 2008. Plants were harvested from these same sites and were subjected to a common garden experiment and an ALS enzyme bioassay. Analysis of field experiments 1 year after treatment (1 YAT) showed site variation using low herbicide rates (40 g ae ha-1 chlorsulfuron and 127 g ae ha-1 imazapyr), but most variation was overcome by increasing herbicide rates. Chlorsulfuron applied at 94 g ae ha-1 controlled more than 76% of yellow toadflax at all sites; whereas, 380 g ae ha-1 of imazapyr was necessary to overcome site to site variation, but control was ≥73% at four of five sites. Evaluations 2 YAT showed that yellow toadflax recovered at two sites. The common garden study and ALS enzyme bioassay revealed that these populations were susceptible to herbicides on a whole plant level and on a mechanistic level; confirming that herbicide resistance is not responsible for spatial variation. It appears that yellow toadflax recovery was largely driven by length of growing season and the growth stage of a population at which applications occurred. Lower elevation sites had a higher percentage of shoots flowering at the time of application and were more difficult to control. Comparing results from the field experiments to the pattern of root bud development, applications at the lower elevation sites occurred when bud… Advisors/Committee Members: Beck, Kenneth George (advisor), Nissen, Scott Jay (committee member), Ward, Sarah M. (committee member), Meiman, Paul J. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: ALS inhibiting herbicide; herbicide; invasive plants; linaria vulgaris; rangelands; yellow toadflax

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APA (6^th Edition):

Krick, N. J. (2011). Examining the unpredictable nature of yellow toadflax. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/46903

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Krick, Nicholas Jon. “Examining the unpredictable nature of yellow toadflax.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/46903.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Krick, Nicholas Jon. “Examining the unpredictable nature of yellow toadflax.” 2011. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Krick NJ. Examining the unpredictable nature of yellow toadflax. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/46903.

Council of Science Editors:

Krick NJ. Examining the unpredictable nature of yellow toadflax. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/46903

Colorado State University

25. Smith, Mae. Characteristics of hummocks and hummocked wetlands in Colorado.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Forest, Rangeland, and Watershed Stewardship, 2011, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/47455

► There is considerable uncertainty regarding mechanisms of hummock formation. The first step in assessing hummocks in Colorado was to compare the characteristics associated with hummocked… (more)

▼ There is considerable uncertainty regarding mechanisms of hummock formation. The first step in assessing hummocks in Colorado was to compare the characteristics associated with hummocked and non-hummocked sites. To do this, site characteristics of hummocked and non-hummocked riparian areas and wetlands across Colorado were sampled. Two site characteristics were positively related, and three site characteristics were negatively related to hummock occurrence. Three groups of hummocked wetlands with distinct morphological, vegetative and climatic characteristics were identified. A finer-scale approach was then used to examine mechanisms of hummock formation. Four hummocked sites in north-central Colorado were selected for detailed research. Soil temperature regimes and presence of water in interspaces were evaluated to determine whether or not conditions described in the most widely accepted theories of hummock formation occurred. Hummock/interspace pairs were instrumented with soil temperature sensors and water level indicators. Results indicate that there were sufficient air freeze-thaw cycles to support hummock formation by needle ice. Conditions supporting differential frost heave through ice lensing were also documented. Numerous temperature differentials were detected between the hummock top, hummock base and interspace creating temperature gradients that could lead to hummock formation by differential frost heave. The final step was to evaluate soil and vegetation characteristics of hummocks and interspaces with respect to hummock formation theories based on differential frost heave and plant biomass accumulation. Soil cores were collected from hummocks and interspaces to evaluate soil horizon orientation and thickness of the surface organic horizon. Bulk density, vegetation cover and herbaceous biomass production were also determined. Bent soil horizons indicative of differential frost heave were observed in four hummock/interspace pairs. The organic horizon was thicker and bulk density was lower in the hummocks compared to interspaces but the amount of organic matter in the two positions was similar. Accumulation of plant biomass may lead to increased hummock height. The finer-scale study revealed evidence supporting multiple mechanisms of hummock formation and development. These mechanisms may form different hummock types which is consistent with the findings of the larger-scale study. Advisors/Committee Members: Meiman, Paul J. (advisor), Brummer, Joe E. (committee member), Cooper, David J. (David Jonathan), 1952- (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: differential frost heave; wetlands; tussock; plant biomass accumulation; hummock

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APA (6^th Edition):

Smith, M. (2011). Characteristics of hummocks and hummocked wetlands in Colorado. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/47455

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Smith, Mae. “Characteristics of hummocks and hummocked wetlands in Colorado.” 2011. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/47455.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Smith, Mae. “Characteristics of hummocks and hummocked wetlands in Colorado.” 2011. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Smith M. Characteristics of hummocks and hummocked wetlands in Colorado. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2011. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/47455.

Council of Science Editors:

Smith M. Characteristics of hummocks and hummocked wetlands in Colorado. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2011. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/47455

Colorado State University

26. Peterson, Mark E. Reproductive success, habitat selection, and neonatal mule deer mortality in a natural gas development area.

Degree: PhD, Fish, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, 2016, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/176756

► Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) populations have periodically declined throughout the western United States, with notable declines during the late 1960s, early 1970s, and 1990s (Unsworth… (more)

▼ Mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) populations have periodically declined throughout the western United States, with notable declines during the late 1960s, early 1970s, and 1990s (Unsworth et al. 1999) to present. Declining population levels can be attributed to low fawn survival and subsequently low population recruitment (Unsworth et al. 1999, Pojar and Bowden 2004) caused by declining habitat availability and quality (Gill 2001, Lutz et al. 2003, Watkins et al. 2007, Bergman et al. 2015). Although, general public perception is that declining deer numbers are attributed exclusively to predation (Barsness 1998, Willoughby 2012), predator control research suggests otherwise (Hurley et al. 2011, Kilgo et al. 2014) and compelling evidence exists that improving habitat quality can enhance deer populations (Bishop et al. 2009, Bergman et al. 2014). Complicating this story is the large-scale habitat alterations driven by natural gas development, which may also influence deer population dynamics. Natural gas development and associated disturbances that can affect deer habitat and population dynamics include conversion of native plant communities to drill pads, roads, or noxious weeds and noise pollution from compressor stations, drilling rigs, increased traffic, and year round occurrence of human activities. Natural gas development alters mule deer habitat selection through direct and indirect habitat loss (Sawyer et al. 2006, Sawyer et al. 2009, Northrup et al. 2015). Direct habitat loss results from construction of well pads, access roads, compressor stations, pipelines, and transmission lines. Activity, traffic, and noise associated with increased human presence and development may lead to indirect habitat loss. Indirect habitat loss is exacerbated because active wells produce gas for 40 years or longer (Sawyer et al. 2006, Sawyer et al. 2009). In addition, indirect habitat loss affects considerably larger areas than direct habitat loss (Sawyer et al. 2006, Sawyer et al. 2009). Recent research suggests direct and indirect losses can lead to behavioral responses to development (Sawyer et al. 2006, Dzialak et al. 2011b, Northrup et al. 2015). However, deer can behaviorally mediate these impacts by altering activity patterns or selecting habitat with topographic diversity that provides refuge from development (Northrup et al. 2015). Obtaining a more complete understanding of the potential impacts of development is critical to comprehend population dynamics of deer and to develop viable mitigation options. Understanding how natural gas development and other factors influence reproductive success metrics (e.g., pregnancy, in utero fetal, and fetal survival rates), fetal sex ratio, habitat characteristics of birth and predation sites (i.e., habitat selection), and neonatal (i.e., 0–6 months old) mule deer mortality have been identified as knowledge gaps. Thus, my dissertation focused on addressing these knowledge gaps through individual reproductive success monitoring using vaginal implant transmitters. I conducted this… Advisors/Committee Members: Doherty, Paul F., Jr. (advisor), Anderson, Charles R., Jr. (committee member), Meiman, Paul (committee member), Wittemyer, George (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: mule deer; neonate; reproductive success; neonatal mortality; habitat selection; parturition

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APA (6^th Edition):

Peterson, M. E. (2016). Reproductive success, habitat selection, and neonatal mule deer mortality in a natural gas development area. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/176756

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Peterson, Mark E. “Reproductive success, habitat selection, and neonatal mule deer mortality in a natural gas development area.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado State University. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/176756.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Peterson, Mark E. “Reproductive success, habitat selection, and neonatal mule deer mortality in a natural gas development area.” 2016. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Peterson ME. Reproductive success, habitat selection, and neonatal mule deer mortality in a natural gas development area. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/176756.

Council of Science Editors:

Peterson ME. Reproductive success, habitat selection, and neonatal mule deer mortality in a natural gas development area. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/176756

Colorado State University

27. Schroeder, Ryan W. R. Soil seed bank composition and implications for ecological restoration in degraded Colorado shrublands.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Ecology, 2020, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/208431

► Soil seed banks of shrub-dominated ecosystems in western North America are poorly understood. The potential of the soil seed bank – the species composition and… (more)

▼ Soil seed banks of shrub-dominated ecosystems in western North America are poorly understood. The potential of the soil seed bank – the species composition and abundance of seeds – to impact ecological restoration has rarely been considered in ecological restoration of shrublands and could influence management decisions. I analyzed the germinable soil seed bank composition and distribution in two high-conservation priority ecosystems in Colorado. Studies were carried out to characterize seed bank composition and relationship to aboveground vegetation in "undesirable" and "desirable" plant communities; determine if "shrub islands" influence seed bank distribution; and assess the landscape and vertical distribution of the seed bank in a Bromus tectorum L. (cheatgrass) invaded rangeland. For all seed bank studies, soil seed bank samples were collected to a depth of 5 cm and grown in greenhouse conditions to determine the species composition and abundance of germinable seeds. I found that seed bank species richness and Shannon-Wiener diversity (H) did not differ in either shrubland between undesirable sites dominated by non-native vegetation and desirable sites dominated by native vegetation. Total seed abundance in a montane sagebrush shrubland was significantly greater in desirable sites (1401 ± 165 seeds m-2) compared to undesirable sites (588 ± 190 seed m-2). In a salt desert shrubland of the Colorado Plateau, total seed abundance did not differ, but on average non-native species seeds made up more than 60% of the total seed bank in undesirable sites, compared to 40% in desirable sites. In a separate study, shrub islands across Colorado were not associated with increased seed bank species richness or seed abundance compared to adjacent shrub-less interspaces. Differences in seed bank Shannon Wiener diversity (H) varied between shrublands, with salt desert shrublands having significantly greater (p-value < 0.05) seed bank diversity inside of shrub islands compared to shrub-less interspaces. Another study was conducted in a Bromus tectorum L. (cheatgrass) invaded rangeland of the Colorado Plateau to determine the seed bank horizontal and vertical distribution. The germinable soil seed bank had a greater abundance and lower spatial variability of native species seeds (3390 seeds m-2, CV = 75%) than non-native species seeds (1880 seeds m-2, CV: 124%) across the sampled landscape. Non-native species (primarily Bromus tectorum L.) seed were concentrated in the upper 2 cm soil (1294 ± 155, p-value <0.0001), but were found in substantive abundance in the 2 – 5 cm seed bank layer (585 ± 91). In addition to seed bank studies, in the fall of 2018, I established a study in a montane shrubland to test the effectiveness of seeding a high diversity native seed mix (39 species, 1496 PLS m-2) and treatments to increase site heterogeneity to increase native plant species diversity. One growing season following plot establishment, I found that plots that received a high diversity seed mix and those that received heterogeneity… Advisors/Committee Members: Paschke, Mark (advisor), Rhoades, Chuck (advisor), Meiman, Paul (committee member), Grant-Hoffman, M. Nikki (committee member), Melzer, Suellen (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: public land; salt desert; ecological restoration; soil seed bank; sagebrush

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APA (6^th Edition):

Schroeder, R. W. R. (2020). Soil seed bank composition and implications for ecological restoration in degraded Colorado shrublands. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/208431

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Schroeder, Ryan W R. “Soil seed bank composition and implications for ecological restoration in degraded Colorado shrublands.” 2020. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/208431.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Schroeder, Ryan W R. “Soil seed bank composition and implications for ecological restoration in degraded Colorado shrublands.” 2020. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Schroeder RWR. Soil seed bank composition and implications for ecological restoration in degraded Colorado shrublands. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2020. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/208431.

Council of Science Editors:

Schroeder RWR. Soil seed bank composition and implications for ecological restoration in degraded Colorado shrublands. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/208431

Colorado State University

28. Villalobos, Luis Alonso. Annual cool-season forage systems for fall grazing by cattle.

Degree: PhD, Soil and Crop Sciences, 2015, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/170422

► Extending the grazing season is one method that beef producers can use to reduce the need for preserved forages and supplements as these are the… (more)

▼ Extending the grazing season is one method that beef producers can use to reduce the need for preserved forages and supplements as these are the major inputs influencing profitability of their operations. Annual forages planted during mid- to late-summer have great potential for extending the grazing season into the fall and early winter in northern Colorado and similar environments. The development of forage systems for livestock operations must start with selection of forage species/cultivars that can yield enough biomass and have a high enough nutritive value to meet the requirements of the livestock to be fed. Accordingly, the research in this dissertation started with an evaluation of nine forage brassica cultivars from which four were chosen based on their unique traits. Barnapoli rape (Brassica napus L. var. napus) had the highest yields and stood up under a snow load; Groundhog radish (Raphanus sativus var.oleifer Strokes) and Barkant turnip (Brassicas rapa L. var. rapa) had fast growth and their bulbs provided extra feed and penetrated the soil, potentially reducing compaction; and Pasja hybrid (Chinese cabbage [Brassica rapa L. chinensis] x Turnip hybrid) had a high leaf-to-stem ratio which provided high quality forage for beef cattle. These were combined in a four-way mixture and evaluated in subsequent studies. In addition, the above study evaluated the impact of planting date on resulting yields of the brassicas and determined that they need to be planted by mid- to late-July to yield high amounts of biomass that can be stockpiled for fall grazing. The nutritive value of the brassicas was high and did not decline over time, but they were very low in fiber which can create rumen upset for beef cattle grazing them in monocultures or in brassica only mixtures. To develop a more balanced diet for beef cattle, the brassica mixture was seeded with cool-season grasses (triticale [×Triticosecale Wittm ex A. Camus {Secale x Triticum}], winter wheat [Triticum aestivum L.], and barley [Hordeum vulgare L.]) following a warm-season hay crop (pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum L.]) that was either controlled or allowed to regrow. When the latter was controlled by spraying, brassicas dominated the mixtures to the detriment of the cool-season grasses which contributed little to available dry matter. The seed proportions of the cool-season grasses within the mixture were much lower than those used when grown in monocultures. When the proportions of cool-season grasses within mixtures were increased, their contribution to yield increased. Oats (Avena sativa) were particularly competitive when grown with the brassica mix. When the millet was allowed to regrow, it dominated the available dry matter, which influenced overall yield and nutritive value of the mixtures. Mixtures of cool-season forages and millet regrowth had lower quality than the same mixtures grown where the millet was controlled. This resulted from the brassicas dominating the mixtures where the millet regrowth was controlled, which resulted in higher quality… Advisors/Committee Members: Brummer, Joe E. (advisor), Davis, Jessica G. (committee member), Whittier, Jack C. (committee member), Meiman, Paul (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: annual crops; beef cattle; cool-season; cover crops; forages; grass

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APA (6^th Edition):

Villalobos, L. A. (2015). Annual cool-season forage systems for fall grazing by cattle. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/170422

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Villalobos, Luis Alonso. “Annual cool-season forage systems for fall grazing by cattle.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado State University. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/170422.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Villalobos, Luis Alonso. “Annual cool-season forage systems for fall grazing by cattle.” 2015. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Villalobos LA. Annual cool-season forage systems for fall grazing by cattle. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/170422.

Council of Science Editors:

Villalobos LA. Annual cool-season forage systems for fall grazing by cattle. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/170422

29. Coyle, John B. Sustainable management of non-native thistles on the Western Slope.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, 2017, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/181376

► The scope of this research is unique in that it encompasses all phases of the weed management process. From problem identification, to identifying and testing… (more)

▼ The scope of this research is unique in that it encompasses all phases of the weed management process. From problem identification, to identifying and testing solutions, to implementing the solution in a real world environment. The environmental challenges present on Blue Creek Ranch as well as the necessity to manage the expectations of stakeholders made this a multifaceted and challenging project. Field observations of the invasive thistle problem present on Blue Creek Ranch were confirmed through an extensive GIS survey and subsequent geospatial analysis. From this analysis, the invasive thistle infestation on the ranch could be quantified and presented in easily understood maps. This information helped guide management efforts and provided a tool to help educate stakeholders. Once this information was collected, an experiment was devised to judge the impacts of potential treatments on the ranch. Typical infestations of musk thistle an invasive annual thistle, favor highly disturbed lands. However, encroachment into the otherwise healthy montane range is being observed on Colorado's Western Slope. Within the context of a grass fed cattle operation, such as the one on Blue Creek Ranch, this range loss can result in decreased productivity. With the problem identified, there is now a need to identify herbicide treatments that can eliminate the thistles impacts while preserving the lands high forage value. We hypothesize that using selective herbicides, coupled with minimum dose rates, will not impact the overall forage quality of the range or the overall species abundance. In fall of 2014, four post emergent herbicide treatments (2 rates of aminopyralid, picloram and aminocyclopyrachlor) were applied in a split-plot design. In 2015 cover data and above ground biomass were collected to evaluate any treatment effects. Additionally, the edible forage component of the collected biomass was sent for feed analysis. In 2016 only cover data was collected. Across all treatments musk thistle was significantly reduced compared to control with no significant differences found between herbicide treatments. In evaluating species abundance it was found that no herbicide treatment resulted in any significant reduction. Finally, the feed analysis found that while the aminocyclopyrachor treatment tended to reduce the feed values of forbs there is no significant reduction in the overall feed values when total biomass (grass + forbs) is taken into account. These results indicate that regardless of which of the tested herbicides were used, musk thistle can be effectively controlled while at the same time preserving forage quality and, ultimately, production. Finally, all of this information was compiled into a weed management plan that will be presented to the owner and managers of Blue Creek Ranch to guide future management efforts. A plan was devised to define the scope of the management effort, specific management efforts and future monitoring activities. This management plan represents the culmination of the research conducted on… Advisors/Committee Members: Nissen, Scott (advisor), Meiman, Paul (advisor), Beck, George (committee member), Brummer, Joe (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: rangeland; weed management; weeds; thistle; herbicide; weed mapping

10 more images…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Coyle, J. B. (2017). Sustainable management of non-native thistles on the Western Slope. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/181376

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Coyle, John B. “Sustainable management of non-native thistles on the Western Slope.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/181376.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Coyle, John B. “Sustainable management of non-native thistles on the Western Slope.” 2017. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Coyle JB. Sustainable management of non-native thistles on the Western Slope. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/181376.

Council of Science Editors:

Coyle JB. Sustainable management of non-native thistles on the Western Slope. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/181376

30. Spaak, Jordan L. Riparian area invasive plant management along the Niobrara River, targeting yellow flag iris (Iris pseudacorus L.).

Degree: MS(M.S.), Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, 2016, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/176758

► Yellow Flag Iris (YFI) (Iris pseudacorus L.) is an invasive exotic species that is causing substantial changes to the ecology of the Niobrara River and… (more)

▼ Yellow Flag Iris (YFI) (Iris pseudacorus L.) is an invasive exotic species that is causing substantial changes to the ecology of the Niobrara River and the adjacent riparian area habitat. Options for invasive plant management along the Niobrara River, like most riparian wetlands, are quite limited. Currently, herbicides offer the best opportunities for successful YFI management in riparian habitats such as those along the Niobrara River but irrigation diversion and livestock grazing are prevalent which impose further limitations on management options. In this study, we analyzed the efficacy of multiple potential YFI management methods, including; chemical (glyphosate), mechanical (cutting), plant competition, and trampling. A combination of field and greenhouse studies were used. Field studies were conducted at Agate Fossils Beds National Monument, Harrison Nebraska, U.S.A. and greenhouse experiments were completed at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, U.S.A. The greenhouse studies were conducted to determine how temperature, light, seed scarification, and trampling, affected germination, seedling growth and survival of YFI. The field studies focused on the effectiveness of glyphosate, cutting, planting native plants, and trampling on YFI. Results from field studies indicate that cutting established plants stimulates YFI growth, spring application of glyphosate resulted in a short-term reduction of YFI abundance, and planting native plants did not reduce YFI abundance. Findings indicate that YFI prefer shaded areas and cooler temperatures for emergence and warmer shaded areas for growth. Seed scarification did not affect emergence. Trampling in the field reduced YFI density by 75% and plant height by 58%. Simulated trampling that targeted the plant crown and 1-2-cm above the crown reduced survival, though trampling that targeted the crown was five times more likely to kill the plant than trampling 1-2-cm above the crown. Advisors/Committee Members: Meiman, Paul J. (advisor), Beck, K. George (committee member), Ocheltree, Troy (committee member).

…Stewardship at Colorado State University (CSU) began collaborating on treatment tools for… …Colorado State University (CSU) began collaborating on treatment tools for management… …on YFI, a greenhouse study was conducted at Colorado State University to determine how…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Spaak, J. L. (2016). Riparian area invasive plant management along the Niobrara River, targeting yellow flag iris (Iris pseudacorus L.). (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/176758

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Spaak, Jordan L. “Riparian area invasive plant management along the Niobrara River, targeting yellow flag iris (Iris pseudacorus L.).” 2016. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed April 14, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/176758.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Spaak, Jordan L. “Riparian area invasive plant management along the Niobrara River, targeting yellow flag iris (Iris pseudacorus L.).” 2016. Web. 14 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Spaak JL. Riparian area invasive plant management along the Niobrara River, targeting yellow flag iris (Iris pseudacorus L.). [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 14]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/176758.

Council of Science Editors:

Spaak JL. Riparian area invasive plant management along the Niobrara River, targeting yellow flag iris (Iris pseudacorus L.). [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/176758

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