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Colorado State University
1.
Suksavate, Warong.
Develop a multi-periods fuel treatments allocation model to fragment landscape high hazard fuel patches.
Degree: MS(M.S.), Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, 2013, Colorado State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/80318 
► Increased forest fuel loading and continuity have led to more large fires that can potentially cause the loss of property, life and forest resources in…
(more)
▼ Increased forest fuel loading and continuity have led to more large fires that can potentially cause the loss of property, life and forest resources in certain forest ecosystems. Strategically fragmenting landscape fuel patches with the potential of carrying high intensity or crown fires helps mitigate the future fire risks. This research develops a mathematic integer programming model to optimally locate fuel treatment locations across a landscape for multiple decades. Solutions are aimed at strategically fragmenting high fire hazard fuel patches that support high intensity fires or crown fires. This model can be used to schedule treatments in each stand by reacting to fire ignition probability, potential fire damages to wildland urban interface (WUI), streams, lakes, and the cost of fuel treatment. A set of prototype test cases based on artificial data are used to demonstrate the model performance and support preliminary analyses. This theoretical model can be extended to study a variety of fuel treatment related management concerns across space and time when realistic data become available.
Advisors/Committee Members: Wei, Yu (advisor), Hoffman, Chad (committee member), Kling, Robert (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: fuel treatment; mixed integer programming
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APA (6th Edition):
Suksavate, W. (2013). Develop a multi-periods fuel treatments allocation model to fragment landscape high hazard fuel patches. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/80318
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Suksavate, Warong. “Develop a multi-periods fuel treatments allocation model to fragment landscape high hazard fuel patches.” 2013. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10217/80318.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Suksavate, Warong. “Develop a multi-periods fuel treatments allocation model to fragment landscape high hazard fuel patches.” 2013. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Suksavate W. Develop a multi-periods fuel treatments allocation model to fragment landscape high hazard fuel patches. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/80318.
Council of Science Editors:
Suksavate W. Develop a multi-periods fuel treatments allocation model to fragment landscape high hazard fuel patches. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/80318
Colorado State University
2.
Shugarts, Angela.
Survival of the fittest: an examination of the High Park fire news meme lifecycle on news organizations' Facebook and web pages.
Degree: MS(M.S.), Journalism and Technical Communication, 2013, Colorado State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/79167
► This study employs a mixed methods content analysis of 14 news organization's Facebook and website posts of the High Park fire news meme to identify…
(more)
▼ This study employs a mixed methods content analysis of 14 news organization's Facebook and website posts of the High Park fire news meme to identify the reasons behind how and why news memes propagate within social media and news website environments. This study gauges the feasibility of forecasting the spread of online news content based on specific features including photos, videos, article length, and span of time. News memes are defined as cultural units of information presented as written text, images, or videos whose existence is determined by the frequent behaviors of imitation and transmission, produced by media personnel from news organizations. The field of memetics, social media, and normative theories of the media serve as foundational areas for this study which extends the knowledge of the emerging domain of web memetics, which seeks to identify and track the evolution, spread, and implications of news memes by media personnel. Results show that specific characteristics (i.e. text, links, and photos) contributed to news meme propagation via reader comment contributions and likes. Additionally, results indicate that website environments are more frequent platforms for news memes to exist and thus perhaps more nurturing environments for High Park fire news memes to propagate within.
Advisors/Committee Members: Switzer, Jamie (advisor), Seel, Pete (committee member), Hoffman, Chad (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: social media; High Park fire; news memes; longevity; fecundity; fidelity
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APA (6th Edition):
Shugarts, A. (2013). Survival of the fittest: an examination of the High Park fire news meme lifecycle on news organizations' Facebook and web pages. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/79167
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Shugarts, Angela. “Survival of the fittest: an examination of the High Park fire news meme lifecycle on news organizations' Facebook and web pages.” 2013. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10217/79167.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Shugarts, Angela. “Survival of the fittest: an examination of the High Park fire news meme lifecycle on news organizations' Facebook and web pages.” 2013. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Shugarts A. Survival of the fittest: an examination of the High Park fire news meme lifecycle on news organizations' Facebook and web pages. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2013. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/79167.
Council of Science Editors:
Shugarts A. Survival of the fittest: an examination of the High Park fire news meme lifecycle on news organizations' Facebook and web pages. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/79167
Colorado State University
3.
Ziegler, Justin.
Impacts of treatments on forest structure and fire behavior in dry western forests.
Degree: MS(M.S.), Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, 2014, Colorado State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/84581
► Forest managers are increasingly using mechanical treatments in dry forests of the western US in order to produce stands with spatially complex structure while also…
(more)
▼ Forest managers are increasingly using mechanical treatments in dry forests of the western US in order to produce stands with spatially complex structure while also reducing crown fire potential. However, there has been a lack of evaluation of these treatments on spatial patterns in dry forest types of the western US. In addition, the implications of heterogeneous fuels complexes on fire behavior are not well understood due to a lack of experimental data and the use of semi empirical models which cannot account for the structural complexity of fuel beds. The lack of well quantified studies on changes in spatial heterogeneity and limitations on quantifying the associated fire behavior suggest there are gaps in our knowledge regarding the implications of mechanical fuels treatments. The primary emphasis of this thesis is in Chapter 1. I comprehensively stem-mapped seven 4 ha plots, after treatment in dry, coniferous treated stands across the Southern Rockies and
Colorado Plateau. Then, I estimated pre-treatment structure by constructing linear allometric regressions of tree characteristics and applying these to mapped stumps thus producing stem-maps before treatment. To investigate how these treatments altered structural complexity, I used spatial statistical analyses to assess spatial relationships of trees, before and after treatment, occurring at stand and within-stand scales as well as horizontal and vertical dimensions. Then, I assessed the cumulative effects of the reduction and spatial alterations of structure on potential fire behavior, measured by rate of spread, fireline intensity and percent of canopy consumed, across a range of open wind speeds using the Wildland urban-interface Dynamics Simulator (WFDS). WFDS is a physics-based model capable of representing the 3-D complexities of the fuels complex and captures fuel-atmosphere-fire dynamics through space and time. Results from this chapter suggest (1) treatments impact facets of structural complexity in varying ways, though avoided large-scale homogenization of forest structure, (2) within canopy wind speeds increase following treatments and, (3) fire behavior can be altered in two distinct manners following treatments. In most cases, the alterations in the fuels complex coupled with greater within canopy wind speeds resulted in an overall decrease in potential fire behavior and crown fire activity, especially at high open wind velocities. However, in two cases I examined there were increases in fire behavior following mechanical treatments. In these cases the increases were primarily associated with increased surface fire behavior. The results from this chapter suggest that these mechanical treatments may not always enhance, but can promote, a degree of structural complexity, and that mechanical treatments are effective if implemented strategically. Chapter 2 reports on litter bulk density values for use by managers to improve fuel loading assessments. Litter bulk density as a factor, in conjunction with litter depth, is used to estimate litter load…
Advisors/Committee Members: Hoffman, Chad (advisor), Battaglia, Mike (committee member), Sibold, Jason (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: dry mixed conifer; fire behavior; forest restoration; fuels reduction treatments; litter; ponderosa pine
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APA (6th Edition):
Ziegler, J. (2014). Impacts of treatments on forest structure and fire behavior in dry western forests. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/84581
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ziegler, Justin. “Impacts of treatments on forest structure and fire behavior in dry western forests.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10217/84581.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ziegler, Justin. “Impacts of treatments on forest structure and fire behavior in dry western forests.” 2014. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Ziegler J. Impacts of treatments on forest structure and fire behavior in dry western forests. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/84581.
Council of Science Editors:
Ziegler J. Impacts of treatments on forest structure and fire behavior in dry western forests. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/84581
Colorado State University
4.
Spencer, Andrew G.
Building capacity and integrating training, education and experience: the Fire Learning Network's Prescribed Burn Training Exchanges.
Degree: MS(M.S.), Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, 2014, Colorado State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/84145
► Prescribed fire is an important tool for forest and rangeland management, but there are barriers to its use, including a lack of qualified personnel with…
(more)
▼ Prescribed fire is an important tool for forest and rangeland management, but there are barriers to its use, including a lack of qualified personnel with the necessary ecological knowledge and operational expertise. In order to implement prescribed fire across landscapes containing a variety of ownerships, these personnel should be from both federal agencies and non-federal organizations. Further, fire science educators have suggested that in order to prepare the next generation of fire professionals, three components – training, education, and experience – must be integrated in a professional development triangle. However, recognized needs for professional development and increased use of fire are not being met. The Prescribed Burn Training Exchange model from the Fire Learning Network incorporates the three components of the professional development triangle while fostering collaboration between nongovernmental organizations, private contractors, landowners, and government agencies. This study evaluated the training model and assessed outcomes using surveys, interviews, focus groups, and participant observation. I found that the participants are very satisfied with the flexible model across disparate training needs and experience levels. The results suggest that the training model is a valuable addition to prescribed fire education opportunities, can be implemented by other organizations, and therefore can serve to increase the capacity for fire management.
Advisors/Committee Members: Schultz, Courtney (advisor), Hoffman, Chad (committee member), Kaiser, Leann (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: education; fire science; forestry; occupational training; prescribed fire; workforce capacity
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APA (6th Edition):
Spencer, A. G. (2014). Building capacity and integrating training, education and experience: the Fire Learning Network's Prescribed Burn Training Exchanges. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/84145
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Spencer, Andrew G. “Building capacity and integrating training, education and experience: the Fire Learning Network's Prescribed Burn Training Exchanges.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10217/84145.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Spencer, Andrew G. “Building capacity and integrating training, education and experience: the Fire Learning Network's Prescribed Burn Training Exchanges.” 2014. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Spencer AG. Building capacity and integrating training, education and experience: the Fire Learning Network's Prescribed Burn Training Exchanges. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/84145.
Council of Science Editors:
Spencer AG. Building capacity and integrating training, education and experience: the Fire Learning Network's Prescribed Burn Training Exchanges. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/84145
Colorado State University
5.
Fialko, Katie.
Conifer regeneration and fuels treatment longevity in dry mixed-conifer forests of the Colorado Front Range.
Degree: MS(M.S.), Ecology, 2018, Colorado State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/193440
► Throughout much of the western United States, wildfires have been increasing in size and severity. To prevent negative impacts to communities and ecosystems, costly fuels…
(more)
▼ Throughout much of the western United States, wildfires have been increasing in size and severity. To prevent negative impacts to communities and ecosystems, costly fuels reduction treatments are being applied to dry, mixed-conifer forests in
Colorado and throughout the southern Rockies. The objective of this project was to make inferences about treatment longevity by determining how site, treatment, and vegetation characteristics of treated areas influence the abundance and composition of conifer regeneration, which can serve as fuels to initiate a high severity wildfire. Thinning and mastication treatments ranging in age from 5-14 years old on north and south aspects were examined. Time since treatment and residual overstory density and composition, along with aspect, had the greatest influence on the abundance of Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine regeneration in fuels treatments. Conifer regeneration did not vary by mastication vs thinning treatment type. Although Douglas-fir advance regeneration abundance decreased over time since treatment, it comprised 50% of all regeneration observed. This is a concern because advance regeneration will reduce treatment longevity more than the gradual accumulation of post treatment seedlings, and because it has the potential to release. Post treatment Douglas-fir regeneration was positively related to Douglas-fir residual overstory density but had no relationship with time since treatment. Post treatment ponderosa pine regeneration, however, increased with time since treatment and was negatively related to total residual overstory density. These findings indicate that while Douglas-fir regeneration may belimited by the lack of residual Douglas-fir in the overstory to provide a seed source, treatments are effectively acting as shelterwood regeneration treatments to increase the abundance of ponderosa pine. Lastly, average abundance of all conifer regeneration was five times greater on north aspects than on south aspects. Forest managers implementing future fuels reduction treatments, or planning the re-treatment of existing units, should monitor advance regeneration for potential release, anticipate a greater post treatment regeneration response on north aspects, and possibly expect a shift in future stand composition towards ponderosa pine.
Advisors/Committee Members: Ex, Seth (advisor), Fornwalt, Paula (committee member), Hoffman, Chad (committee member), Rocca, Monique (committee member).
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APA (6th Edition):
Fialko, K. (2018). Conifer regeneration and fuels treatment longevity in dry mixed-conifer forests of the Colorado Front Range. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/193440
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Fialko, Katie. “Conifer regeneration and fuels treatment longevity in dry mixed-conifer forests of the Colorado Front Range.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10217/193440.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Fialko, Katie. “Conifer regeneration and fuels treatment longevity in dry mixed-conifer forests of the Colorado Front Range.” 2018. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Fialko K. Conifer regeneration and fuels treatment longevity in dry mixed-conifer forests of the Colorado Front Range. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/193440.
Council of Science Editors:
Fialko K. Conifer regeneration and fuels treatment longevity in dry mixed-conifer forests of the Colorado Front Range. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/193440
Colorado State University
6.
Moriarty, Kevin.
Firefighter observations on mountain pine beetle post-outbreak lodgepole pine fires: expectations, surprises and decision-making.
Degree: MS(M.S.), Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, 2014, Colorado State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/82622
► Recent wildfires in mountain pine beetle (Dendrocronas ponderosae; MPB) post-outbreak lodgepole (pinus contorta var. latifolia) stands in the western United States have generated concern among…
(more)
▼ Recent wildfires in mountain pine beetle (Dendrocronas ponderosae; MPB) post-outbreak lodgepole (pinus contorta var. latifolia) stands in the western United States have generated concern among stakeholders and disagreement over predicted fire behavior in the scientific literature. A study was conducted of wildland firefighters' observations of fire behavior in beetle-killed lodgepole pine forests to garner a better understanding of expected vs. observed fire behavior, with a focus on what fire behaviors surprised firefighters. Twelve MPB post-outbreak wildfires and one prescribed fire were identified in northern
Colorado and southern Wyoming using USDA aerial surveys, USGS MODIS based perimeter mapping and local knowledge. Twenty-eight wildland firefighter interviews were conducted among 7 different federal,
state, county, local and non-profit agencies with a total of 55 observations. Expectations, observations, surprising fire behavior and tactical decisions were categorized using qualitative coding and interpretation. Expectations were greatly based on prior wildland fire experiences rather than the scientific research results. Surprising fire behavior in the red phase included increased fire behavior in moderate conditions, increased spotting, faster crown fire transition and crown fire transition with limited or no ladder fuels. Surprising fire behavior in the grey phase included crown ignition and crown fire propagation. Observations support the increased fire behavior in MPB post-outbreak red phase and diverge from studies predicting reduced crown fire potential in red and mixed phases. Firefighters formed new expectations of active fire behavior potential in all weather conditions and MPB phases. However, respondents concluded that specific conditions of fuel, weather and topography are the main driving forces in fire behavior and MPB influence was limited to distinct events. Firefighters changed tactics by taking more indirect suppression approaches due to fire behavior and tree hazard.
Advisors/Committee Members: Cheng, Antony S. (advisor), Hoffman, Chad (committee member), Cottrell, Stuart (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: firefighter observations; surprising fire behavior; mountain pine beetle
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APA (6th Edition):
Moriarty, K. (2014). Firefighter observations on mountain pine beetle post-outbreak lodgepole pine fires: expectations, surprises and decision-making. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/82622
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Moriarty, Kevin. “Firefighter observations on mountain pine beetle post-outbreak lodgepole pine fires: expectations, surprises and decision-making.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10217/82622.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Moriarty, Kevin. “Firefighter observations on mountain pine beetle post-outbreak lodgepole pine fires: expectations, surprises and decision-making.” 2014. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Moriarty K. Firefighter observations on mountain pine beetle post-outbreak lodgepole pine fires: expectations, surprises and decision-making. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/82622.
Council of Science Editors:
Moriarty K. Firefighter observations on mountain pine beetle post-outbreak lodgepole pine fires: expectations, surprises and decision-making. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/82622
7.
Ritter, Scott.
Complex interactions between dwarf mistletoe, fuel loading, and fire in the lodgepole pine dominated forests of central Colorado.
Degree: MS(M.S.), Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, 2016, Colorado State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/178922
► Lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium americanum Nutt. ex Engelm) is an obligate hemiparsite that infects lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. Ex. Loud) throughout the large…
(more)
▼ Lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium americanum Nutt. ex Engelm) is an obligate hemiparsite that infects lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. Ex. Loud) throughout the large majority of lodgepole pine’s range. Lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe increases mortality rates, alters tree biomass distributions, and slows overall tree growth, which results in substantial losses to stand productivity and wood quality. In lodgepole pine dominated forests, dwarf mistletoe and wildfire are fundamental disturbances that may interact with each other in complex ways. This interaction is bidirectional as wildfire can either positively or negatively affect post-fire dwarf mistletoe populations, and pre-fire dwarf mistletoe populations may influence wildfire severity. Though it has long been assumed that dwarf mistletoe increases potential wildfire severity in lodgepole pine forests through modifications to the fuels complex, empirical data to support this conclusion is lacking. The overall goal of this project was to enhance the understanding of both sides of the fire-dwarf mistletoe interaction through a combination of long-term post-fire data, forest measurements, and simulation of dwarf mistletoe impacts and intensification. Chapter one provides background into dwarf mistletoe biology and pathology, and reviews the existing literature on interactions between fire and dwarf mistletoe. The second chapter documents the results of research into the influence of dwarf mistletoe infestation level on stand structure and fuel parameters that influence potential fire behavior. To evaluate the relationship between infestation severity and stand structure and forest fuels plots were randomly located within stands containing a range of dwarf mistletoe infestation severities. Of primary interest were impacts to canopy base height and the loading of fuels both on the forest floor and in the canopy. Chapter three is a case study documenting the impact of three prescribed crown fires on dwarf mistletoe populations thirty years post-fire. These fires burned across a range of mortality levels allowing for a detailed evaluation of the influence of fire severity on dwarf mistletoe populations. This chapter combines field measurements with forest growth and yield simulations from the United States Forest Service’s Forest Vegetation Simulator to understand longer-term impacts to both the dwarf mistletoe population and stand productivity. Field data from randomly located plots indicate that dwarf mistletoe may have conflicting impacts on parameters influencing crown fire potential and wildfire severity. This finding suggests that the impact of dwarf mistletoe infestation of potential wildfire severity may not conform to the positive linear relationship assumed by many forest pathologists. Infestation level was found to have a strong positive relationship with the loading of surface fuels of all sizes, and was negatively related to canopy base height, and calculated canopy fuel load and canopy bulk density. Impacts to stand structure include…
Advisors/Committee Members: Hoffman, Chad (advisor), Ex, Seth (committee member), Stewart, Jane (committee member), Zimmerman, Tom (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: dwarf mistletoe; surface fuel; canopy fuel; woody debris; stand structure
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APA (6th Edition):
Ritter, S. (2016). Complex interactions between dwarf mistletoe, fuel loading, and fire in the lodgepole pine dominated forests of central Colorado. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/178922
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ritter, Scott. “Complex interactions between dwarf mistletoe, fuel loading, and fire in the lodgepole pine dominated forests of central Colorado.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10217/178922.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ritter, Scott. “Complex interactions between dwarf mistletoe, fuel loading, and fire in the lodgepole pine dominated forests of central Colorado.” 2016. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Ritter S. Complex interactions between dwarf mistletoe, fuel loading, and fire in the lodgepole pine dominated forests of central Colorado. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/178922.
Council of Science Editors:
Ritter S. Complex interactions between dwarf mistletoe, fuel loading, and fire in the lodgepole pine dominated forests of central Colorado. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/178922
Colorado State University
8.
Creasy, Matthew.
Unmanned aerial systems for forest structure mapping: assessments of area-based and individual tree monitoring.
Degree: MS(M.S.), Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, 2020, Colorado State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/212060
► Characterization of forest structure is important for management-related decision making, especially in the wake of disturbance. Increasingly, observations of forest structure are needed at both…
(more)
▼ Characterization of forest structure is important for management-related decision making, especially in the wake of disturbance. Increasingly, observations of forest structure are needed at both finer resolution and across greater extents in order to support managers in meeting spatially explicit objectives. Current methods of acquiring forest measurements can be limited by a combination of time, expense, and either extent or temporal resolution. Drone or UAS-based photogrammetry provides an airborne method of forest structure data acquisition at a significantly lower cost and time commitment when compared to existing methods of such as airborne laser scanning (LiDAR). A growing body of literature confirms UAS-based photogrammetry models can be as detailed as conventional LiDAR models. However, there exists a knowledge gap in best practice for data acquisition parameters and assessment of accurate characterization within forest photogrammetry. The following two chapters utilize large stem mapped sites to fill that knowledge gap by 1) systematically testing the effects of UAS flight speed and altitude on plot-based aboveground biomass modeling through photogrammetry and 2) evaluating several algorithms for detecting individual tree locations and characterizing crown areas. Results show a strong positive relationship between flight altitude and aboveground biomass modeling, with all UAS flights evaluated above 80 m altitude, providing better results (2-24% more variance explained) than contemporary LiDAR modeling strategies. Additionally, results demonstrate that the probability of detecting individual trees decays moving from the dominant overstory to suppressed trees, corresponding to >97% at the top of the canopy and decreasing to 67% for trees in the understory. Our results indicate the potential for UAS photogrammetry to produce highly detailed maps of forest biomass, as well as capture variation of forest structure through the detection of trees and tree groups. Such high-resolution data has the potential to become a much-needed tool for monitoring forest structures to inform spatially explicit management objectives. Additionally, these studies reinforced how UAS photogrammetry can provide low-cost repeat monitoring of forest conditions.
Advisors/Committee Members: Tinkham, Wade T. (advisor), Vogeler, Jody (committee member), Hoffman, Chad (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: drone; photogrammetry; UAS; individual tree detection; aboveground biomass; structure from motion
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APA (6th Edition):
Creasy, M. (2020). Unmanned aerial systems for forest structure mapping: assessments of area-based and individual tree monitoring. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/212060
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Creasy, Matthew. “Unmanned aerial systems for forest structure mapping: assessments of area-based and individual tree monitoring.” 2020. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10217/212060.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Creasy, Matthew. “Unmanned aerial systems for forest structure mapping: assessments of area-based and individual tree monitoring.” 2020. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Creasy M. Unmanned aerial systems for forest structure mapping: assessments of area-based and individual tree monitoring. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2020. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/212060.
Council of Science Editors:
Creasy M. Unmanned aerial systems for forest structure mapping: assessments of area-based and individual tree monitoring. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/212060
Colorado State University
9.
Vakili, Emma.
Improving assessments of fuel treatment effects on surface fuels in ponderosa pine forests of the southern Rocky Mountains.
Degree: MS(M.S.), Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, 2015, Colorado State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/170392
► Fuel hazard reduction treatments have been widely employed in dry forests of the western United States in recent decades in response to the increasing extent…
(more)
▼ Fuel hazard reduction treatments have been widely employed in dry forests of the western United States in recent decades in response to the increasing extent and severity of wildfires. In order to design and accurately assess the effects of these fuel hazard reduction treatments, accurate fuel inventories are required. However, obtaining accurate assessments of fuelbeds is complicated by a lack of knowledge about the effects of treatments on surface fuels and their spatial distribution. This thesis focuses on enhancing knowledge of treatment effects on surface fuels in ponderosa pine sites across
Colorado and New Mexico, USA. The primary emphasis is on Chapter 1, which focuses on the spatial distribution of surface fuels and how it is changed by fuel hazard reduction treatments. I found that total surface fuel loads were reduced by ~10% in thinned sites and ~50% in thinned and burned sites. Semivariance following thin and burn treatments was similar to untreated sites and lower than thin-only sites for all fuel components except 1,000-hr fuels, with fuel component semivariance being highly predictable (R2=0.99) from fuel component mean fuel loading. The scale of spatial independence for all fuel components and sites ranged from <1-50 m with the shortest spatial scales occurring for the finest fuel components (i.e. duff, litter, etc.). Mean fuel particle diameter strongly predicted (R2=0.88) the distance needed to achieve sample independence. Incorporating such knowledge of spatial variability into fuel sampling protocols will enhance assessment of wildlife habitat and fire behavior and effects modeling over singular stand-level means. Chapter 2 focuses on the physical characteristics of fuel particles present before and after fuel hazard reduction treatments. I report mean squared diameter (d2) values for downed dead woody surface fuels that can be used to improve fuel loading assessments using the widely applied planar intersect sampling protocol. The planar intersect method requires an approximation of the mean squared diameter (d2) of 1, 10, and 100-hr timelag size classes to create loading estimates for downed dead woody surface fuels. I analyzed woody surface fuels collected throughout the southern Rocky Mountains to create local d2 estimates for untreated, mechanically treated, and mechanically treated and broadcast burned sites. Resulting estimates were up to 38% higher in the 1- and 10-hr classes and 28% lower in the 100-hr classes when compared to previously published values from other regions. The new burned partially harvested values for 1- and 100- hour classes were also roughly 20% lower than in the other stand conditions.
Advisors/Committee Members: Hoffman, Chad (advisor), Dickinson, Yvette (committee member), Keane, Robert (committee member), Rocca, Monique (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: fuel hazard reduction; spatial variability; surface fuels; Pinus ponderosa
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APA (6th Edition):
Vakili, E. (2015). Improving assessments of fuel treatment effects on surface fuels in ponderosa pine forests of the southern Rocky Mountains. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/170392
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Vakili, Emma. “Improving assessments of fuel treatment effects on surface fuels in ponderosa pine forests of the southern Rocky Mountains.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10217/170392.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Vakili, Emma. “Improving assessments of fuel treatment effects on surface fuels in ponderosa pine forests of the southern Rocky Mountains.” 2015. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Vakili E. Improving assessments of fuel treatment effects on surface fuels in ponderosa pine forests of the southern Rocky Mountains. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2015. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/170392.
Council of Science Editors:
Vakili E. Improving assessments of fuel treatment effects on surface fuels in ponderosa pine forests of the southern Rocky Mountains. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/170392
Colorado State University
10.
Mokry, Melissa M.
Analyzing risk-related information seeking behavioral intention and risk perception of wildfires: the High Park Fire Burn Area.
Degree: PhD, Journalism and Media Communication, 2019, Colorado State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/197383
► This study assessed risk-related information seeking behavioral intention and dual-process risk perception within the context of wildfires. Particularly, the study focused on utilizing a combined…
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▼ This study assessed risk-related information seeking behavioral intention and dual-process risk perception within the context of wildfires. Particularly, the study focused on utilizing a combined risk-related information seeking model with concepts originating from the planned risk information seeking model (PRISM), a framework of risk information seeking (FRIS), and the risk information seeking and processing model (RISP). The key concepts utilized included: past risk-related information seeking, self-efficacy, response efficacy, dual-process risk perception (affective and cognitive risk perception, perceived hazard knowledge, information needs, and behavioral intention. A survey (N=432; 60.8% response rate) was disseminated to the High Park Fire Burn Area, west of Fort Collins,
Colorado which experienced a wildfire in 2012. The survey revealed the importance of including dual-process risk perception in risk-related information seeking models and highlighted its influence on past risk-related information seeking and risk-related information seeking behavioral intention. Response efficacy was correlated with self-efficacy, following suit to other risk-related information seeking studies. Cognitive risk perception was correlated with affective risk perception, suggesting a bi-directional relationship between the two concepts. Individuals were more likely to seek wildfire information in the past if they did not have enough knowledge about the hazard. Moreover, individuals are more likely to base their risk perception on their emotions, particularly when facing a wildfire. The results from the survey revealed that the exploratory path had a better model fit than the confirmatory path model, yet both provided important findings related to risk-related information seeking behavioral intention and dual-process risk perception. This study reaffirmed the need for theoretical improvement related to current information needs, particularly in relation with perceived hazard knowledge and risk-related information seeking behavioral intention. There were inconsistencies with current information needs throughout the study, following suit with the literature and calls for further refinement of the concept. Implications and future research efforts are also noted and discussed such as the importance of tailored messaging and a communication campaign.
Advisors/Committee Members: Trumbo, Craig (advisor), Kim, Jangyul (committee member), Abrams, Katie (committee member), Hoffman, Chad (committee member), Schumacher, Russ (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: information-seeking; risk perception; High Park Fire; wildfires; risk communication
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APA (6th Edition):
Mokry, M. M. (2019). Analyzing risk-related information seeking behavioral intention and risk perception of wildfires: the High Park Fire Burn Area. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/197383
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Mokry, Melissa M. “Analyzing risk-related information seeking behavioral intention and risk perception of wildfires: the High Park Fire Burn Area.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado State University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10217/197383.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Mokry, Melissa M. “Analyzing risk-related information seeking behavioral intention and risk perception of wildfires: the High Park Fire Burn Area.” 2019. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Mokry MM. Analyzing risk-related information seeking behavioral intention and risk perception of wildfires: the High Park Fire Burn Area. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/197383.
Council of Science Editors:
Mokry MM. Analyzing risk-related information seeking behavioral intention and risk perception of wildfires: the High Park Fire Burn Area. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/197383
11.
Burke, Conamara S.
Investigating the relationship between horizontal forest structure and fire behavior using a physics-based fire model.
Degree: MS(M.S.), Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, 2017, Colorado State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/183896
► Silvicultural treatments are increasingly being implemented across the Western US in fire-prone forests as a way to simultaneously reduce fire hazard while also increasing horizontal…
(more)
▼ Silvicultural treatments are increasingly being implemented across the Western US in fire-prone forests as a way to simultaneously reduce fire hazard while also increasing horizontal structural heterogeneity (tree spatial patterns). However, it is poorly understood how fire behavior is impacted by treatment designs that incorporate tree clumping spatial configurations that mimic patterns found within the historic structural ranges of forests frequented by low to mixed severity fire. The Wildland Urban-Interface Fire Dynamics Simulator (WFDS), a physics-based fire behavior model, was used to better understand the effect that heterogeneous horizontal forest structure has on fire behavior. Fire behavior across seven treated ponderosa pine forests with different spatial patterns were simulated and compared to each other, and to an untreated scenario. All forest simulations were also burned under three different wind speeds and two surface fuel loading levels to better evaluate fuel treatment effectiveness across a range of conditions. Results indicate that the removal of surface fuels in treated stands was the most effective method for reducing the percent of canopy consumption and rates of fire spread, especially under high wind velocity conditions. This study found that variations in horizontal forest structure between treated forest scenarios had a minimal effect on driving differences in fire behavior, thus forest managers should be more concerned with increasing horizontal structural heterogeneity for ecological objectives rather than implementing such treatments to reduce the potential for hazardous fire behavior. Future research should focus on determining how vertical structural complexity interacts with horizontal structure to influence fire behavior.
Advisors/Committee Members: Hoffman, Chad (advisor), Mell, William (committee member), Amidon, Timothy (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: forestry; physics-based models; WFDS; heterogeneous structure; fire behavior; silvicultural treatments
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APA (6th Edition):
Burke, C. S. (2017). Investigating the relationship between horizontal forest structure and fire behavior using a physics-based fire model. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/183896
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Burke, Conamara S. “Investigating the relationship between horizontal forest structure and fire behavior using a physics-based fire model.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10217/183896.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Burke, Conamara S. “Investigating the relationship between horizontal forest structure and fire behavior using a physics-based fire model.” 2017. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Burke CS. Investigating the relationship between horizontal forest structure and fire behavior using a physics-based fire model. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/183896.
Council of Science Editors:
Burke CS. Investigating the relationship between horizontal forest structure and fire behavior using a physics-based fire model. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/183896
12.
Francis, David.
Fuel treatment longevity in a dry mixed conifer forest on the Colorado Front Range.
Degree: MS(M.S.), Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, 2017, Colorado State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/181372
► Hazardous fuel treatments have been occurring on an increasingly large scale throughout the western US in response to uncharacteristically severe wildfires in recent decades. These…
(more)
▼ Hazardous fuel treatments have been occurring on an increasingly large scale throughout the western US in response to uncharacteristically severe wildfires in recent decades. These treatments have been shown to be effective in the short term but how long they remain effective, and the factors that affect this, is less clear. As these treatments are often very expensive to implement, knowing when a treated unit will return to pre-treatment fire risk is of critical importance for prioritization of sites and long-term forest planning. The majority of these treatments have occurred in dry mixed conifer forests as they have been the most affected by fire suppression policies, allowing fuels to accumulate and create high fire risk potential, and are often close to human settlement. We examined treatments that used thinning with and without follow-up prescribed fire in mixed stands of ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir. These treatments were examined on north and south aspects at times from 3-12 years after treatment. As hypothesized, we found conifer seedlings densities increased with time since treatment. Our data suggest a density of 500 seedlings ha-1 could be observed on southern aspects 10 years post-treatment. North aspects had twice the seedling density of south aspects at 10 years post-treatment, driven by the presence of Douglas-fir. Ponderosa pine seedling density was found to increase as a result of treatment, with the regeneration rate not being significantly affected by aspect or treatment type. In contrast, Douglas-fir regeneration was not promoted through treatment but was most correlated to the amount of Douglas-fir overstory basal area and found mainly on north aspects. We also found that neither fine or coarse surface fuels nor litter or duff depths had begun showing a significant increasing trend a decade after treatment. Conifer regeneration is diminishing the treatment effectiveness within a decade of treatment and will require retreatment in the future to reduce severe fire potential. While ponderosa pine regeneration can be expected to increase as treatments create more favorable establishment conditions, Douglas-fir regeneration can be expected to be higher when more Douglas-fir is left in a stand during treatment. Advance regeneration was also found to comprise a considerable portion of encountered seedlings and should be removed during treatment to increase treatment longevity.
Advisors/Committee Members: Ex, Seth (advisor), Hoffman, Chad (committee member), Martin, Patrick (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: fuel; ponderosa; treatment; longevity; Douglas fir
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Francis, D. (2017). Fuel treatment longevity in a dry mixed conifer forest on the Colorado Front Range. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/181372
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Francis, David. “Fuel treatment longevity in a dry mixed conifer forest on the Colorado Front Range.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10217/181372.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Francis, David. “Fuel treatment longevity in a dry mixed conifer forest on the Colorado Front Range.” 2017. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Francis D. Fuel treatment longevity in a dry mixed conifer forest on the Colorado Front Range. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/181372.
Council of Science Editors:
Francis D. Fuel treatment longevity in a dry mixed conifer forest on the Colorado Front Range. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/181372
13.
Wright, Micah.
Lodgepole pine regeneration after mountain pine beetle and wildfire: a case study in the High Park Fire, CO.
Degree: MS(M.S.), Ecology, 2016, Colorado State University
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/176682
► The 2012 High Park Fire burned over 35,000 hectares, including 5,000 hectares of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) forest that had recently been attacked by mountain…
(more)
▼ The 2012 High Park Fire burned over 35,000 hectares, including 5,000 hectares of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) forest that had recently been attacked by mountain pine beetle (MPB, Dendroctonus ponderosae). This sequence of events provided an excellent opportunity to investigate the effects of combined disturbance on lodgepole pine regeneration trajectories. I examined the influence of MPB mortality, high canopy fire severity, site characteristics, and post fire mulching treatments on lodgepole pine recovery at both landscape (∼hectare) and fine (∼cm) spatial scales. At the landscape scale, lodgepole pine seedling densities varied from 240 to 470,000 stems/ha. Seedling densities decreased as MPB mortality and high canopy fire severity increased. At the fine scale, lodgepole pine seedling establishment was positively related to local cone abundance and negatively related to high canopy fire severity. Topographic variables such as aspect and elevation did not have a strong influence on seedling density or establishment at either scale, nor did competition from recovering vegetation have an influence at the fine scale where it was considered. In areas with high canopy fire severity, post-fire straw mulching treatments were positively related to seedling establishment, indicating that mulching treatments may have additional benefits beyond erosion control. My research demonstrates that combinations of pre-fire mountain pine beetle mortality and high canopy fire severity can affect lodgepole pine regeneration, and may drive heterogeneity in the post-fire landscape.
Advisors/Committee Members: Rocca, Monique (advisor), Rhoades, Charles (committee member), Hoffman, Chad (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: fire; mountain pine beetle; disturbance; regeneration; lodgepole pine
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Wright, M. (2016). Lodgepole pine regeneration after mountain pine beetle and wildfire: a case study in the High Park Fire, CO. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/176682
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Wright, Micah. “Lodgepole pine regeneration after mountain pine beetle and wildfire: a case study in the High Park Fire, CO.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed January 23, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/10217/176682.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Wright, Micah. “Lodgepole pine regeneration after mountain pine beetle and wildfire: a case study in the High Park Fire, CO.” 2016. Web. 23 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Wright M. Lodgepole pine regeneration after mountain pine beetle and wildfire: a case study in the High Park Fire, CO. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 23].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/176682.
Council of Science Editors:
Wright M. Lodgepole pine regeneration after mountain pine beetle and wildfire: a case study in the High Park Fire, CO. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/176682
. 
Open Access Theses and Dissertations
