+publisher:"Colorado State University" +contributor:("Garry, Franklyn")

Colorado State University

1. Neary, Joseph Michael. Pre-weaned beef calf mortality on high altitude ranches in Colorado.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Clinical Sciences, 2013, Colorado State University

► Nationwide Colorado has the 14th largest beef cow population. The sale of cattle and calves is Colorado's highest grossing agricultural product generating over $3 billion… (more)

▼ Nationwide Colorado has the 14th largest beef cow population. The sale of cattle and calves is Colorado's highest grossing agricultural product generating over $3 billion annually. Many of the 11,600 cow-calf operations are located at high elevations in the Rocky Mountains. Producer reports suggest that a large number of these ranches experience high pre-weaned calf death loss, as high as 20% of the calf crop, between branding in the spring and weaning in the autumn. During this time many cow-calf operations graze their animals on high altitude mountainous pastures. Due to the extensive, inaccessible nature of the mountainous terrain there have been limited prior investigations of the death loss problem. For the present study physiological, pathological and epidemiological investigations were performed to characterize the problem. A survey of Colorado's beef producers found that the odds of a producer having a greater than average calf death loss increased with increasing altitude. This greater death loss was mainly due to respiratory problems and pulmonary hypertension (also known as high altitude disease or brisket disease). Postmortem examination of calves revealed that approximately equal numbers of calves died from bronchopneumonia and pulmonary hypertension even on ranches that have selected for low pulmonary artery pressure herd sires for over 20 years. The postmortem lesions obtained from calves with pulmonary hypertension suggest that our current understanding of the disease is insufficient. Overlap of clinical signs makes appropriate treatment decisions by producers difficult. Typically, cases of bronchopneumonia occurred earlier in the summer grazing season than cases of pulmonary hypertension, which occurred in the late summer-early fall period. Blood biochemical values for healthy calves at altitude (9,000 ft. or 2,743 m) were strikingly different from literature reports of similarly aged calves sampled at lower altitudes. This reflects the extreme physiological challenges associated with life at high altitude. Arterial blood-gas analysis determined that calves at high altitude have lower oxygen tensions than expected despite hyperventilation. Hematocrit and hemoglobin levels were not significantly increased over age-matched calves at sea level despite chronic hypoxia. In summary, this project determined that high levels of pre-weaned calf death loss occur on high altitude cow-calf operations due to bronchopneumonia and pulmonary hypertension. Why these diseases are particularly problematic is discussed. Further studies are necessary if the problem is to be addressed. Advisors/Committee Members: Garry, Franklyn (advisor), Gould, Daniel (committee member), Knight, Anthony (committee member), Dargatz, David (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: pneumonia; brisket disease; pulmonary artery pressure; altitude; beef calves

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APA (6^th Edition):

Neary, J. M. (2013). Pre-weaned beef calf mortality on high altitude ranches in Colorado. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/79126

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Neary, Joseph Michael. “Pre-weaned beef calf mortality on high altitude ranches in Colorado.” 2013. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed April 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/79126.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Neary, Joseph Michael. “Pre-weaned beef calf mortality on high altitude ranches in Colorado.” 2013. Web. 15 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Neary JM. Pre-weaned beef calf mortality on high altitude ranches in Colorado. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2013. [cited 2021 Apr 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/79126.

Council of Science Editors:

Neary JM. Pre-weaned beef calf mortality on high altitude ranches in Colorado. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/79126

Colorado State University

2. De Lille, Alexandra. Physical and molecular characteristics of day 75 nuclear transfer cloned bovine conceptuses.

Degree: PhD, Biomedical Sciences, 2012, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/67429

► This study was designed to measure fetal and placental characteristics in bovine day 75 nuclear transfer and control pregnancies. Responses included mRNA concentration of the… (more)

▼ This study was designed to measure fetal and placental characteristics in bovine day 75 nuclear transfer and control pregnancies. Responses included mRNA concentration of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system [IGF-1, IGF-2, IGF1R, IGF2R, IGFBBP-1, -2, -3] and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) system [VEGF, PlGF, VEGF1R, and VEGF2R]. Fetal attrition of the cloned pregnancies up to day 75 was high (89%, 63 out of 71 frozen embryos transferred; 8 of 16 cloned conceptuses present on day 30 survived to day 75, as did 5 of 5 controls). No significant differences in mean weights of large and medium placentomes were observed between 8 clones and 5 controls. However, the variance of mean weight of large placentomes was greater in clones than in controls; one gestation had placentomes six standard deviations larger than controls. Interestingly, the mean umbilical cord weight/length ratio was significantly greater for clones (P < 0.05). Mean fetal length, fetal weight, fetal weight/length index and mean weights for heart, brain, liver, kidneys and the mean brain/liver index did not differ between cloned and control day 75 conceptuses, but numbers per group were limited. Northern blot analysis, revealed the presence of three transcripts of 3.7kb, 2.2kb and 1.7kb for VEGF and one 1.7 kb transcript for PlGF mRNA in the cotyledons and allantochorion of day 45 cloned and control gestations. All three VEGF bands were present in both cloned and control day 75 cotyledons and caruncles, but the PlGF transcript was barely detectable, except for the cotyledons of one clone. mRNA for all of genes studied could be detected with real time PCR in day 75 cotyledons and caruncles, and fetal livers contained mRNA for all IGF's and IGFBP's evaluated. In all placentomal tissues, PlGF mRNA concentration was 100-fold less than VEGF mRNA, which seems to be the driving force for placentomal vascularization at day 75. There was a trend for a reduction by half of the PlGF mRNA concentration in caruncle of clones vs. controls (P = 0.06). VEGF2R (KDR) mRNA was abundant, but VEGF1R (Flt-1), was only present in very low concentrations; our primer set did not distinguish between soluble versus membrane bound receptor mRNA for VEGF1R. Four of the cloned conceptuses contained substantially less cotyledonary IGF1R mRNA than the other clones and controls. IGFBP-3 mRNA concentrations were very high in placentomes; IGFBP-1 and -2 mRNA concentration on the other hand was very low for clones and controls. mRNA for IGFBP-1, -2, -3, however, was abundant in day 75 fetal livers, while IGF-1 mRNA was scarce in this tissue. Fetal livers from cloned pregnancies contained 4-fold more IGF-2 mRNA than controls (P<0.01). We observed that liver IGF-2 mRNA concentration and liver weight increased with weight of the largest placentome; in clones these increases were associated with a decrease in cotyledonary IGF-2 mRNA, while the opposite occurred with controls. Interestingly, there was a trend to lower IGF2R mRNA concentrations (P = 0.09), and… Advisors/Committee Members: Seidel, George (advisor), Anthony, Russell (committee member), Clay, Colin (committee member), Garry, Franklyn (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: nuclear transfer cloning; insulin like growth factor; placenta; angiogenesis; bovine

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APA (6^th Edition):

De Lille, A. (2012). Physical and molecular characteristics of day 75 nuclear transfer cloned bovine conceptuses. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/67429

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

De Lille, Alexandra. “Physical and molecular characteristics of day 75 nuclear transfer cloned bovine conceptuses.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado State University. Accessed April 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/67429.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

De Lille, Alexandra. “Physical and molecular characteristics of day 75 nuclear transfer cloned bovine conceptuses.” 2012. Web. 15 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

De Lille A. Physical and molecular characteristics of day 75 nuclear transfer cloned bovine conceptuses. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/67429.

Council of Science Editors:

De Lille A. Physical and molecular characteristics of day 75 nuclear transfer cloned bovine conceptuses. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2012. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/67429

Colorado State University

3. Crawford, Natalie Faye. Calcium signaling genes in association with altitude-induced pulmonary hypertension in Angus cattle.

Degree: PhD, Animal Sciences, 2019, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/199732

► This research used multi-omics technology (i.e., RNA-seq, qPCR for gene expression, SNP discovery and validation) to understand the influence of a particular subset genes on… (more)

▼ This research used multi-omics technology (i.e., RNA-seq, qPCR for gene expression, SNP discovery and validation) to understand the influence of a particular subset genes on altitude-induced pulmonary hypertension susceptibility in Angus cattle. Three research aims were established to test the hypothesis that calcium-related genes may be associated with pulmonary hypertension in beef cattle. Data and samples utilized for the research came from the Colorado State University Beef Improvement Center Angus herd managed at 2,150 m of altitude. Transcriptome data from 6 tissues and 14 hypertensive and normotensive Angus steers were utilized for differential expression and pathway analyses. The objectives of the first aim were to: 1) to estimate and identify differentially expressed genes from RNA-Seq and pathway analyses, and 2) select putative candidate genes to analyze with qPCR (gene expression level). The largest number of DE genes was revealed in aorta (n = 631) and right ventricle (n = 2,183) samples. Top canonical pathways related to calcium signaling or utilization included: synaptic long-term depression, signaling by Rho family GTPases, and oxidative phosphorylation. Genes regulating calcium availability and utilization were expressed differently (log2 fold change > 0.589, < -0.589; P < 0.05) in Angus cattle with and without pulmonary hypertension. Isolated RNA from cardiac muscle (n = 9) and control muscle (n = 2) tissues from hypertensive and normotensive Angus steers were utilized to estimate gene expression using quantitative reverse transcription PCR in the candidate genes from Chapter 3. The objectives of this chapter were: 1) to establish the most appropriate reference genes in cardiac muscle tissues, and 2) to estimate and validated relative gene expression of calcium-related genes in cardiac muscle tissues using qPCR methods. Differences (P < 0.0055) among hypertensive and normotensive steers were estimated for right papillary muscle and right cardiac ventricle tissues (top, middle, and bottom) in candidate genes: ASIC2, EDN1, NOX4, PLA2G4A, RCAN1, and THBS4. Results of the current study validate the expression differences previously established of genes that regulate the availability and utilization of calcium with PH status in Angus steers at high altitude. Variant detection and association analyses were completed with 2 sets of available -omics data to identify opportunities for development of selection tools for reduced susceptibility to PH. The objectives of the third aim were to: 1) detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the transcriptome of 6 tissues, and 2) identify functional consequences of those variants associated with validated candidate genes from qPCR analyses. Pooled Angus sample analysis revealed 68 SNP in the 6 candidate genes: ASIC2, EDN1, NOX4, PLA2G4A, RCAN1, and THBS4. Thirty-eight SNP were revealed in the hypertensive group and 8 SNP in the normotensive steer group. Ten of the 68 identified SNP are utilized on large density commercially available bovine SNP chips (Illumina… Advisors/Committee Members: Thomas, Milton G. (advisor), Coleman, Stephen J. (advisor), Enns, R. Mark (committee member), Speidel, Scott E. (committee member), Garry, Franklyn B. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Angus; qRT-PCR; variants; pulmonary hypertension; altitude; RNA-Seq

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APA (6^th Edition):

Crawford, N. F. (2019). Calcium signaling genes in association with altitude-induced pulmonary hypertension in Angus cattle. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/199732

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Crawford, Natalie Faye. “Calcium signaling genes in association with altitude-induced pulmonary hypertension in Angus cattle.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado State University. Accessed April 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/199732.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Crawford, Natalie Faye. “Calcium signaling genes in association with altitude-induced pulmonary hypertension in Angus cattle.” 2019. Web. 15 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Crawford NF. Calcium signaling genes in association with altitude-induced pulmonary hypertension in Angus cattle. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/199732.

Council of Science Editors:

Crawford NF. Calcium signaling genes in association with altitude-induced pulmonary hypertension in Angus cattle. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/199732

4. Dodge, Lynn E. DuPont model approach to financial management: a case study of veterinary practices, A.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Agricultural and Resource Economics, 2017, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/185727

► As the veterinary industry continues to face personal debt and practice management challenges, financial analysis of veterinary practices is becoming increasingly important. Historically, veterinary practices… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: management; DuPont model; veterinary

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APA (6^th Edition):

Dodge, L. E. (2017). DuPont model approach to financial management: a case study of veterinary practices, A. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/185727

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Dodge, Lynn E. “DuPont model approach to financial management: a case study of veterinary practices, A.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed April 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/185727.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Dodge, Lynn E. “DuPont model approach to financial management: a case study of veterinary practices, A.” 2017. Web. 15 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Dodge LE. DuPont model approach to financial management: a case study of veterinary practices, A. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/185727.

Council of Science Editors:

Dodge LE. DuPont model approach to financial management: a case study of veterinary practices, A. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/185727

Colorado State University

5. Neary, Joseph Michael. Epidemiological, physiological and genetic risk factors associated with congestive heart failure and mean pulmonary arterial pressure in cattle.

Degree: PhD, Clinical Sciences, 2014, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/83796

► Congestive heart failure, secondary to pulmonary hypertension, has historically been considered a disease associated with high altitude exposure. The disease was first reported to occur… (more)

▼ Congestive heart failure, secondary to pulmonary hypertension, has historically been considered a disease associated with high altitude exposure. The disease was first reported to occur at altitudes over 2,440 m (8,000 ft.) and so became known as "high altitude disease". One common clinical sign due to congestive heart failure in cattle is swelling of the brisket. Consequently, the disease also became known as "brisket disease". In more recent years, congestive heart failure has been reported to occur in both beef and dairy cattle at a more moderate altitude of 1,600 m. Anecdotal reports from cattle producers in Nebraska, Colorado and Texas suggest that the incidence of congestive heart failure may be increasing. This suggests that bovine congestive heart failure is not strictly a disease of high altitude exposure. Anatomical studies of cattle indicate that cattle have a smaller lung volume and alveolar surface area available for gas exchange than mammals with similar body masses and oxygen requirements. This may be because selection for increased growth rate, and other traits of high production, increases metabolic oxygen demand. The overarching hypothesis of this doctoral dissertation was that congestive heart failure secondary to pulmonary hypertension is not strictly a disease of high altitude but, a multifactorial disease, that is also associated with physiological traits that increase metabolic oxygen demand relative to oxygen supply via the cardiopulmonary system. The goal of this doctoral dissertation was to identify epidemiological, physiological and genetic risk factors associated with congestive heart failure and increased mean pulmonary arterial pressure in cattle. The results of this dissertation indicate that pulmonary arterial pressures of cattle are substantially higher than other mammalian species. Among pre-weaned calves, mean pulmonary arterial pressures increased significantly with age even at the moderate altitude of 1,470 m. As hypothesized, high oxygen demand relative to supply was positively associated with mean pulmonary arterial pressure in both pre-weaned calves at high altitude (2,170 m) and feedlot cattle at moderate altitudes (1,300 m). A study of 10 Canadian feedlots indicated that the risk of congestive heart failure increased from the year 2000 to the year 2012. The risk of congestive heart failure increased more than the underlying change in the risk of digestive disorders. Death from congestive heart failure occurred throughout the feeding period but typically occurred late in the feeding period, which makes this disease particularly costly to the feedlot industry. Treatment for respiratory disease was a significant risk factor for CHF. Increased growth rate and increased feed efficiency were risk factors for increased mean pulmonary arterial pressure in cattle. Mean pulmonary arterial pressures were significantly higher at the end of the confined feeding period at moderate altitude (1,300 m) than in pre-weaned calves at high altitude (2,170 m). Growth promotion through a… Advisors/Committee Members: Garry, Franklyn (advisor), Thomas, Milton (advisor), Orton, Christopher (committee member), Enns, Mark (committee member), Morley, Paul (committee member), Holt, Timothy (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: calves; feedlot; pressure; pulmonary hypertension; cattle; congestive heart failure

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Neary, J. M. (2014). Epidemiological, physiological and genetic risk factors associated with congestive heart failure and mean pulmonary arterial pressure in cattle. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/83796

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Neary, Joseph Michael. “Epidemiological, physiological and genetic risk factors associated with congestive heart failure and mean pulmonary arterial pressure in cattle.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado State University. Accessed April 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/83796.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Neary, Joseph Michael. “Epidemiological, physiological and genetic risk factors associated with congestive heart failure and mean pulmonary arterial pressure in cattle.” 2014. Web. 15 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Neary JM. Epidemiological, physiological and genetic risk factors associated with congestive heart failure and mean pulmonary arterial pressure in cattle. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/83796.

Council of Science Editors:

Neary JM. Epidemiological, physiological and genetic risk factors associated with congestive heart failure and mean pulmonary arterial pressure in cattle. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/83796

Colorado State University

6. McNeil, Ashleigh Ann. Accounting for productive time lost in dairy cattle: disease adjusted lactation.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Clinical Sciences, 2016, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/176698

► Dairy cow mortality, morbidity, and poor welfare have been of increased concern over the past several decades. Traditionally, dairy farm management has focused on singular… (more)

▼ Dairy cow mortality, morbidity, and poor welfare have been of increased concern over the past several decades. Traditionally, dairy farm management has focused on singular costs associated with pathologies without thoroughly quantifying losses tied to disease and consequent death or culling. Within human epidemiology, the economic burden of time lost due to ill-health or early death is measured through the World Health Organization's disability adjusted life years (DALY). This project utilized the DALY concept to estimate time lost during a lactation due to disease and subsequent early removal of dairy cows. This was accomplished through the development of the disease adjusted lactation (DALact) metric. The DALact is calculated by combining days lost due to illness or injury (DLI) and days lost due to early death or removal (DLRD). The DLI reflects the number of cases during a certain period, multiplied by a disability weight and specific disease duration. The DLRD is comprised of two components: days lost due to death, and days lost due to culling from a given disease. Disability weights for 13 common dairy cow diseases were derived from an international expert opinion survey of dairy producers, managers and veterinarians. The selected disease states included: calving trauma, diarrhea, ketosis, lameness, left displaced abomasum, mastitis, metritis, milk fever, musculoskeletal injury, pneumonia, right displaced abomasum, and retained placenta. Survey participants were asked to estimate the impact of each disease on overall health and milk production. Diseases were classified from 0 (no adverse effects) to 10 (terminal). Validity and scope of participants' responses were assessed using a modified beta-Pert distribution and median points were used to provide disability weights for the DALact calculation. To support development of the DALact, collection of disease and removal data from three Kansas dairy farms representing 9,000 Holstein cows began January 1, 2014 and ended on May 26, 2015. A total of 7,233 cows were enrolled in the study across the three dairies. DALact measures were calculated using disease, culling and death data for each disease state while combining the disability weights, duration, and average days in milk at time of removal. Mastitis accounted for the largest category on all three dairies representing 29,779, 23,917, and 36,183 days lost for Dairies 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Conversely, prevalence of mastitis was largest on only Dairy 1 (33%). Lameness was the second largest DALact category for Dairies 2 (9,934) and 3 (29,912) but not for Dairy 1 (pneumonia, 13,571). Prevalence for lameness was largest (35%) for Dairies 2 and 3. The DALact method confirmed that mastitis and lameness are areas of focus, but also highlighted that pneumonia is a primary concern on Dairy 1. The DALact aims to provide an assessment of the complete impact of mortality and morbidity on time lost in dairy cattle. The end result will be to validate the effectiveness of dairy health oversight and to determine where… Advisors/Committee Members: McConnel, Craig S. (advisor), Garry, Franklyn B. (committee member), Hadrich, Joleen C. (committee member), Lombard, Jason E. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: DALY; morbidity; welfare; economic; dairy; mortality

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APA (6^th Edition):

McNeil, A. A. (2016). Accounting for productive time lost in dairy cattle: disease adjusted lactation. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/176698

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

McNeil, Ashleigh Ann. “Accounting for productive time lost in dairy cattle: disease adjusted lactation.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed April 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/176698.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

McNeil, Ashleigh Ann. “Accounting for productive time lost in dairy cattle: disease adjusted lactation.” 2016. Web. 15 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

McNeil AA. Accounting for productive time lost in dairy cattle: disease adjusted lactation. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/176698.

Council of Science Editors:

McNeil AA. Accounting for productive time lost in dairy cattle: disease adjusted lactation. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/176698

7. Bacigalupo Sanguesa, Paola. Time lost to disease in dairy cattle: associations between two consecutive lactations.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Clinical Sciences, 2017, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/184029

► In the dairy industry, individual diseases and their effects are normally studied independently. However, in many cases the diseases are all related. The diverse effects… (more)

▼ In the dairy industry, individual diseases and their effects are normally studied independently. However, in many cases the diseases are all related. The diverse effects of these diseases provide the foundation for creating a measure that incorporates morbidity and removal (death or culling) measures and evaluates the impact diseases can have during lactation. This summary health measure is called the disease-adjusted lactation (DALact) and it represents time lost due to disease and injury. The DALact is a time-based summary measure that represents a new approach to assess the impact of diseases in a lactation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between time lost due to specific diseases and total time lost due to diseases in two consecutive lactations using the DALact. Health and removal (culling and death) data were obtained from a Colorado dairy with approximately 1,400 lactating cows. A total of 803 cows in their second or greater lactation that calved, were sold, or died from July 1, 2015, through June 30, 2016, were selected. Health data were collected from Dairy Comp 305 for each most recently completed lactation and from the previous lactation. Health events included calving injury, displaced abomasum, diarrhea, hypocalcemia, ketosis, lameness, mastitis, metritis, musculoskeletal injuries, pneumonia, and retained placenta. All cow-level data were imported into SAS® for validation, calculation of DALact and modeling. The DALact was calculated by adding the Days Lost due to Premature Death or Culling (DLRD) and the Days Lost due to Illness (DLI). DLRD was calculated as the difference between the average completed lactation days in milk for that herd and the days in milk at culling or death. The DLI was the product of the number of cases multiplied by previously established disability weights and estimated disease durations (days) for a specific disease. The PROC GLM procedure was used to model the association of DALacts between the 2 consecutive lactations. A p-value of ≤0.05 was considered significant. Positive significant associations (P<0.001) were found between the DALact of the previous lactation and the current lactation for lameness and mastitis. The total DALact of the previous lactation was significantly associated (P<0.001) with the total DALact of the current lactation. Significant associations (P<0.001) were also found between the mastitis and lameness DALact of the precious lactation with the total DALact of the current lactation. Identification of diseases and reasons for removal that significantly affect time lost during two consecutive lactations will help producers focus management and preventive measures on diseases having the greatest impact on future productivity and wellbeing. Advisors/Committee Members: Garry, Franklyn B. (advisor), McConnel, Craig S. (advisor), Lombard, Jason E. (committee member), Pinedo, Pablo (committee member).

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APA (6^th Edition):

Bacigalupo Sanguesa, P. (2017). Time lost to disease in dairy cattle: associations between two consecutive lactations. (Masters Thesis). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/184029

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bacigalupo Sanguesa, Paola. “Time lost to disease in dairy cattle: associations between two consecutive lactations.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Colorado State University. Accessed April 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/184029.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bacigalupo Sanguesa, Paola. “Time lost to disease in dairy cattle: associations between two consecutive lactations.” 2017. Web. 15 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Bacigalupo Sanguesa P. Time lost to disease in dairy cattle: associations between two consecutive lactations. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado State University; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/184029.

Council of Science Editors:

Bacigalupo Sanguesa P. Time lost to disease in dairy cattle: associations between two consecutive lactations. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado State University; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/184029

Colorado State University

8. McConnel, Craig Stephen. Dairy cow mortality.

Degree: PhD, Clinical Sciences, 2010, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/40471

► Dairy cow mortality levels in the United States are excessive and increasing over time. This is both a financial concern and an important animal welfare… (more)

▼ Dairy cow mortality levels in the United States are excessive and increasing over time. This is both a financial concern and an important animal welfare issue. Summary studies of dairy cow removal have been in the literature for decades although information specifically related to dairy cow mortality has been sparse. Even though the increase in dairy cow mortality has generated concern within the industry, the reality is that there is no standard by which to define what might be considered the 'natural' or 'normal' level of mortality in dairy cow production. No evidence suggests that there is any one thing that has led to the rise in mortality and that could be reversed to lower death rates. Rather, numerous agents (influential persons, places, or things) apparently act in concert to influence specific outcomes that may lead to death. The "agents" intimated to be responsible for increasing mortality have been primarily described through the analysis of associations between mortality levels and descriptors such as days postpartum, parity, herd size, and genetics. Such analyses may provide a means for understanding populations at risk but can only illustrate broad principles related to manageable risk factors, potential mitigation procedures, or specific pathologic outcomes. Other studies have attempted to define individual occurrences of death based on the final outcome. Rather than looking at population levels of diseases and associated levels of death, these studies have focused on the pathophysiologic or anatomic descriptions of specific deaths. Such analyses fail to account for the non-biologic unconstrained inputs such as management and environmental factors that ultimately set a pathologic sequence in motion within an at-risk population. Ultimately, with regard to excessive and increasing dairy mortality the difficulty lies in defining the problem (establishing what distinguishes farms with higher death rates from those with more desirable rates) and locating the problem (finding where the trouble really lies within the complex of causal networks on a dairy). This leads to the problem of identifying the actions that might effectively narrow the gap between what-is and what-ought-to-be. Understanding the complexity within such a system demands the recognition of its evolving ecology. Within this evolving industry there is no legitimate means for resetting practices and outcomes back to some undefined acceptable level. Rather than attempting to reverse the irreversible, it would be wise to instead work within the system to improve outcomes through sound scientific principles. The intention of the following work is to characterize and elucidate such principles in an effort to facilitate best intentions becoming better outcomes. Advisors/Committee Members: Garry, Franklyn B. (advisor), Hill, Ashley E. (committee member), Lombard, Jason E. (committee member), Gould, Daniel H. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: mortality; dairy; cow; Dairy cattle – Mortality – United States; Dairy cattle – Health – United States; Dairy farms – United States – Management

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APA (6^th Edition):

McConnel, C. S. (2010). Dairy cow mortality. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/40471

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

McConnel, Craig Stephen. “Dairy cow mortality.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado State University. Accessed April 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/40471.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

McConnel, Craig Stephen. “Dairy cow mortality.” 2010. Web. 15 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

McConnel CS. Dairy cow mortality. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2010. [cited 2021 Apr 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/40471.

Council of Science Editors:

McConnel CS. Dairy cow mortality. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2010. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/40471

Colorado State University

9. Shivley, Chelsey B. Exploring animal welfare through an investigation of veterinary education and on-farm assessments of dairy calf welfare.

Degree: PhD, Animal Sciences, 2016, Colorado State University

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/176750

To view the abstract, please see the full text of the document. Advisors/Committee Members: Grandin, Temple (advisor), Garry, Franklyn B. (committee member), Engle, Terry E. (committee member), Rollin, Bernard E. (committee member), Kesel, Martha L. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: animal welfare judging; dairy calf management; veterinary education; dairy calf average daily gain; animal welfare; dairy calf passive transfer

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APA (6^th Edition):

Shivley, C. B. (2016). Exploring animal welfare through an investigation of veterinary education and on-farm assessments of dairy calf welfare. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado State University. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10217/176750

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Shivley, Chelsey B. “Exploring animal welfare through an investigation of veterinary education and on-farm assessments of dairy calf welfare.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado State University. Accessed April 15, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10217/176750.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Shivley, Chelsey B. “Exploring animal welfare through an investigation of veterinary education and on-farm assessments of dairy calf welfare.” 2016. Web. 15 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Shivley CB. Exploring animal welfare through an investigation of veterinary education and on-farm assessments of dairy calf welfare. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 15]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/176750.

Council of Science Editors:

Shivley CB. Exploring animal welfare through an investigation of veterinary education and on-farm assessments of dairy calf welfare. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado State University; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/176750

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