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Colorado School of Mines
1.
Jasper, Cameron A.
Combined geophysical methods for mapping infiltration pathways at the Aurora water aquifer recharge and recovery site.
Degree: MS(M.S.), Geophysics, 2014, Colorado School of Mines
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/488 
► Although aquifer recharge and recovery systems are a sustainable, decentralized, low cost, and low energy approach for the reclamation, treatment, and storage of post-treatment wastewater,…
(more)
▼ Although aquifer recharge and recovery systems are a sustainable, decentralized, low cost, and low energy approach for the reclamation, treatment, and storage of post-treatment wastewater, they can suffer from poor infiltration rates and the development of a near-surface clogging layer within infiltration ponds. One such aquifer recharge and recovery system, the Aurora Water site in
Colorado, U.S.A, functions at about 25% of its predicted capacity to recharge floodplain deposits by flooding infiltration ponds with post-treatment wastewater extracted from river bank aquifers along the South Platte River. The underwater self-potential method was developed to survey self-potential signals at the ground surface in a flooded infiltration pond for mapping infiltration pathways. A method for using heat as a groundwater tracer within the infiltration pond used an array of in situ high-resolution temperature sensing probes. Both relatively positive and negative underwater self-potential anomalies are consistent with observed recovery well pumping rates and specific discharge estimates from temperature data. Results from electrical resistivity tomography and electromagnetics surveys provide consistent electrical conductivity distributions associated with sediment textures. A lab method was developed for resistivity tests of near-surface sediment samples. Forward numerical modeling synthesizes the geophysical information to best match observed self-potential anomalies and provide permeability distributions, which is important for effective aquifer recharge and recovery system design, and optimization strategy development.
Advisors/Committee Members: Revil, André, 1970- (advisor), Singha, Kamini (committee member), Maxwell, Reed M. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: infiltration; electromagnetics; temperature; self-potential; resistivity; permeability; Groundwater recharge – Colorado – Aurora; Seepage – Colorado – Aurora; Permeability; Electric conductivity; Earth resistance (Geophysics); Electromagnetism; Finite element method
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APA (6th Edition):
Jasper, C. A. (2014). Combined geophysical methods for mapping infiltration pathways at the Aurora water aquifer recharge and recovery site. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/488
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Jasper, Cameron A. “Combined geophysical methods for mapping infiltration pathways at the Aurora water aquifer recharge and recovery site.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11124/488.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Jasper, Cameron A. “Combined geophysical methods for mapping infiltration pathways at the Aurora water aquifer recharge and recovery site.” 2014. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Jasper CA. Combined geophysical methods for mapping infiltration pathways at the Aurora water aquifer recharge and recovery site. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/488.
Council of Science Editors:
Jasper CA. Combined geophysical methods for mapping infiltration pathways at the Aurora water aquifer recharge and recovery site. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/488
Colorado School of Mines
2.
Wieting, Celeste.
Quantifying soil hydraulic property changes with fire severity by laboratory burning; data from Wieting et al. (2017).
Degree: MS(M.S.), Geology and Geological Engineering, 2016, Colorado School of Mines
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170413
► Infiltration processes are not well understood in fire-affected soils because soil hydraulic properties and soil-water content are altered by the heat. This study uses intact…
(more)
▼ Infiltration processes are not well understood in fire-affected soils because soil hydraulic properties and soil-water content are altered by the heat. This study uses intact soil cores, which should maintain preferential flow paths, that were collected in the field to explore the impacts of fire on soil properties and infiltration processes during rainfall. Three soil scenarios are presented here: unburned control soils, and low- and high-severity burned soils. Fire severity was simulated in the laboratory using a heating gun, and established based on temperature and duration of heating. Soil properties pre- and post-burn were measured using laboratory techniques including: Mini Disk Infiltrometer tests, Water Drop Penetration Time (WDPT) Tests, and measurements of dry bulk density and total organic carbon (TOC). Soil moisture and temperature were recorded at approximately 2.5 cm and 7.5 cm in soil cores as was the cumulative volume of water exiting the core during rainfall simulations. Mini Disk infiltration experiments suggest a decrease in both cumulative infiltration and infiltration rates from unburned to low-severity burned soils. High-severity burned soils saw an increase in cumulative infiltration. We interpret these changes as a result of the burning off of organic materials, enabling water to infiltrate more instead of being stored in the organics. The field saturated hydraulic conductivity did not vary from unburned to low-severity burned soils, but increased in high-severity burned soils due to the lack of organics that help inhibit water movement. During rainfall simulations, soil-water storage decreased from when soils were burned, likely because of the inability to store water within organic materials since they were burned. Vulnerability to raindrop impact also increased with fire severity. Together, these results indicate that fire-induced changes from low-severity wildfires were not as drastic as high-severity wildfires, and that high-severity burned soils can infiltrate more water, but not necessarily store it. Quantifying soil properties affected by wildfire, which can be gained through controlled laboratory simulations like this study, will aid in predicting post-wildfire behavior on the watershed scale.
Advisors/Committee Members: Singha, Kamini (advisor), Ebel, Brian (committee member), Hogue, Terri S. (committee member).
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APA (6th Edition):
Wieting, C. (2016). Quantifying soil hydraulic property changes with fire severity by laboratory burning; data from Wieting et al. (2017). (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170413
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Wieting, Celeste. “Quantifying soil hydraulic property changes with fire severity by laboratory burning; data from Wieting et al. (2017).” 2016. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170413.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Wieting, Celeste. “Quantifying soil hydraulic property changes with fire severity by laboratory burning; data from Wieting et al. (2017).” 2016. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Wieting C. Quantifying soil hydraulic property changes with fire severity by laboratory burning; data from Wieting et al. (2017). [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170413.
Council of Science Editors:
Wieting C. Quantifying soil hydraulic property changes with fire severity by laboratory burning; data from Wieting et al. (2017). [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170413
Colorado School of Mines
3.
Feist, Rachel A.
Determining the influence of transpiration on soil moisture pathways using electrical resistivity imaging.
Degree: MS(M.S.), Geology and Geological Engineering, 2015, Colorado School of Mines
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/20106
► Many hydrologic models assume the vegetation and streamflow are fed by the same source of water, but isotopic studies have shown this is not always…
(more)
▼ Many hydrologic models assume the vegetation and streamflow are fed by the same source of water, but isotopic studies have shown this is not always the case, especially in semi-arid climates. We investigate how soil moisture pathways are affected by daily transpiration using time-lapse electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) on a ponderosa pine and the surrounding soil during the growing season. By comparing sapflow measurements to the ERI data, we find that high periods of sapflow within the diel cycle are aligned with decreases in ground conductivity and soil moisture due to drying out of the soil during uptake. As the sapflow slows during the night, the ground conductivity increases as the soil is replenished. The mean and variance of the ground conductivity decreases into the summer dry season, describing drier soil and smaller diel fluctuations as the summer progresses. Sapflow does not significantly decrease through the summer, however, suggesting use of a deeper water source to maintain sapflow in a time of soil moisture depletion. ERI successfully captured spatiotemporal variability of soil moisture on daily and seasonal timescales, and with further research could be used to monitor temporal changes in tree water content.
Advisors/Committee Members: Singha, Kamini (advisor), Barnard, Holly (committee member), Revil, André, 1970- (committee member).
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APA (6th Edition):
Feist, R. A. (2015). Determining the influence of transpiration on soil moisture pathways using electrical resistivity imaging. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/20106
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Feist, Rachel A. “Determining the influence of transpiration on soil moisture pathways using electrical resistivity imaging.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11124/20106.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Feist, Rachel A. “Determining the influence of transpiration on soil moisture pathways using electrical resistivity imaging.” 2015. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Feist RA. Determining the influence of transpiration on soil moisture pathways using electrical resistivity imaging. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/20106.
Council of Science Editors:
Feist RA. Determining the influence of transpiration on soil moisture pathways using electrical resistivity imaging. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/20106
Colorado School of Mines
4.
Beetle-Moorcroft, Fern.
Exploring geologic controls on infiltration and groundwater recharge on an ephemeral river: a coupled geophysics and modeling approach.
Degree: MS(M.S.), Geology and Geological Engineering, 2020, Colorado School of Mines
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/174194
► Ephemeral streams are the main surface-water source in arid climates, and streambed leakage in these systems is an important component of groundwater recharge. Subsurface geology…
(more)
▼ Ephemeral streams are the main surface-water source in arid climates, and streambed leakage in these systems is an important component of groundwater recharge. Subsurface geology influences the extent and location of streambed leakage and therefore changes streamflow, impacts groundwater levels, and has the potential to influence confined aquifer recharge. This study looks at exploring geological controls on recharge from an ephemeral river through scenario evaluation with numerical models, constrained by geophysical observations. Drone magnetometer, electrical resistivity, hammer seismic, and hydrologic data were collected along the Alamosa River in southeastern
Colorado, USA to constrain and parameterize a MODFLOW-SFR model based on the field system consisting of three layers: 1) an alluvial aquifer, 2) a confining unit, and 3) a confined aquifer. Four scenarios were explored beyond a base case to quantify controls on subsurface geology: 1) adding a fault; 2) changing the alluvial aquifer’s hydraulic conductivity; 3) changing the thickness of the streambed; and 4) removing the confining unit. A fifth scenario, adding a pumping well, was used to explore the role of this human influence on ephemeral river systems. The drone magnetometer and resistivity data indicated that the middle portion of the study area was geologically distinct from the surrounding area, and the resistivity and seismic results indicate the presence of heterogeneity in the subsurface. Modeling scenarios that changed hydraulic conductivity values resulted in the most notable changes to the river’s hydrologic system, altering streamflow, leakage, and deep aquifer recharge. Streambed thickness proved to be an unimportant parameter. Results here suggest that the extent to which streambed leakage changes is proportional to the ratio of alluvial aquifer hydraulic conductivity (K1) to streambed conductivity (Ks), and that this in turn controls the impacts on streamflow. This research suggests that subsurface heterogeneities are a fundamental control on ephemeral streams’ hydrogeologic system and are key to their resilience under climate change.
Advisors/Committee Members: Singha, Kamini (advisor), Li, Yaoguo (committee member), Hogue, Terri S. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: geophysics; recharge; subsurface geology; groundwater modeling; ephemeral; seepage
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APA (6th Edition):
Beetle-Moorcroft, F. (2020). Exploring geologic controls on infiltration and groundwater recharge on an ephemeral river: a coupled geophysics and modeling approach. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/174194
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Beetle-Moorcroft, Fern. “Exploring geologic controls on infiltration and groundwater recharge on an ephemeral river: a coupled geophysics and modeling approach.” 2020. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11124/174194.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Beetle-Moorcroft, Fern. “Exploring geologic controls on infiltration and groundwater recharge on an ephemeral river: a coupled geophysics and modeling approach.” 2020. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Beetle-Moorcroft F. Exploring geologic controls on infiltration and groundwater recharge on an ephemeral river: a coupled geophysics and modeling approach. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/174194.
Council of Science Editors:
Beetle-Moorcroft F. Exploring geologic controls on infiltration and groundwater recharge on an ephemeral river: a coupled geophysics and modeling approach. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/174194
Colorado School of Mines
5.
Meyer, Clinton.
Laboratory investigation of the thermoelectric effect in clean silica sands, A.
Degree: MS(M.S.), Geophysics, 2015, Colorado School of Mines
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/20275
► The effect of thermoelectric coupling on self-potential was investigated by applying a temperature gradient to unconsolidated sands fully saturated by saline (NaCl) solutions. Thus far,…
(more)
▼ The effect of thermoelectric coupling on self-potential was investigated by applying a temperature gradient to unconsolidated sands fully saturated by saline (NaCl) solutions. Thus far, very few published investigations have taken into account the effect of temperature on the electrodes and the ionic strength of the pore water, generating spurious diffusion potentials typically on the same order of magnitude as the thermoelectric effect. For this investigation, 25 experiments are conducted to test the influence of salinity upon the thermoelectric coupling coefficient over four orders of magnitude in salinity variation. The intrinsic thermoelectric coefficient ranged from -0.4 mV °C-1 (10-3 M NaCl) to +0.9 mV °C-1 at very low salinities (10-4 M). Silica sands with median grain sizes of 0.72 mm and 0.2 mm were used, with corresponding surface conductivities of 1.52x10-5 (S m-1) and 5.43x10-5 (S m-1) , respectively. In order to isolate the thermoelectric response associated with the temperature gradient, raw self-potential measurements were corrected for the diffusion potentials arising from different ionic strengths within our sand tank using a commonly accepted model. Our experimental data can be reproduced by a simple model accounting for the effect of surface conductivity due to the electrical double layer coating the surface of the grains. Our results indicate that Hittorf transport numbers changing with salinity need to be considered when developing a holistic model. Furthermore, when considering the polarity and magnitude of the thermoelectric response, salinity and grain size are important factors.
Advisors/Committee Members: Revil, André, 1970- (advisor), Singha, Kamini (committee member), Benson, David A. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: self-potential; thermoelectric; salinity; voltage; temperature
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APA (6th Edition):
Meyer, C. (2015). Laboratory investigation of the thermoelectric effect in clean silica sands, A. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/20275
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Meyer, Clinton. “Laboratory investigation of the thermoelectric effect in clean silica sands, A.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11124/20275.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Meyer, Clinton. “Laboratory investigation of the thermoelectric effect in clean silica sands, A.” 2015. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Meyer C. Laboratory investigation of the thermoelectric effect in clean silica sands, A. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/20275.
Council of Science Editors:
Meyer C. Laboratory investigation of the thermoelectric effect in clean silica sands, A. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/20275
Colorado School of Mines
6.
Swift Bird, Kenneth.
Hydrogeological controls of uranium and arsenic mobility in groundwater of the Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota.
Degree: MS(M.S.), Geology and Geological Engineering, 2018, Colorado School of Mines
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172549
► This study integrates geochemical modeling, spatial analysis and several statistical methods including principal component analysis, multivariate regression and cluster analysis to investigate hydrogeologic controls of…
(more)
▼ This study integrates geochemical modeling, spatial analysis and several statistical methods including principal component analysis, multivariate regression and cluster analysis to investigate hydrogeologic controls of arsenic and uranium contamination within groundwater of the Arikaree aquifer on the Pine Ridge Reservation (PRR). Located in southwestern South Dakota, geologic strata on the PRR are enriched with uranium and arsenic due to volcanic ash deposits emplaced into the White River Group, which unconformably underlies the Arikaree Group. Groundwater samples were obtained for over 250 wellbores through collaboration with the Oglala Sioux Tribe and Indian Health Service. Cluster analysis was used to delineate differences in groundwater chemistry in these data, and spatial analysis identified four regions, which represent upgradient, intermediate, and downgradient portions of the Arikaree aquifer. Groundwater alkalinity, sodium, and pH levels increase along flowpaths in the Arikaree aquifer despite rising carbonate mineral saturation indices, indicating that volcanic ash may act as a secondary source of alkalinity in the aquifer. Elevated alkalinity and pH levels are the primary measured drivers of arsenic and uranium mobility within the Arikaree aquifer, indicating that downgradient sections of the aquifer in the northern portions of the PRR are most likely to face impacts from groundwater contamination.
Advisors/Committee Members: Singha, Kamini (advisor), Navarre-Sitchler, Alexis K. (committee member), Wanty, Richard B. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: groundwater evolution; Pine Ridge Reservation; arsenic; uranium; hydrogeochemistry
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APA (6th Edition):
Swift Bird, K. (2018). Hydrogeological controls of uranium and arsenic mobility in groundwater of the Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172549
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Swift Bird, Kenneth. “Hydrogeological controls of uranium and arsenic mobility in groundwater of the Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172549.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Swift Bird, Kenneth. “Hydrogeological controls of uranium and arsenic mobility in groundwater of the Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota.” 2018. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Swift Bird K. Hydrogeological controls of uranium and arsenic mobility in groundwater of the Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172549.
Council of Science Editors:
Swift Bird K. Hydrogeological controls of uranium and arsenic mobility in groundwater of the Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172549
Colorado School of Mines
7.
Rey, David M.
Exploring the effect of climate perturbations on water availability for renewable energy development in the Indian Wells Valley, California.
Degree: MS(M.S.), Geology and Geological Engineering, 2017, Colorado School of Mines
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/171852
► Energy and water are connected through the water-use cycle (e.g. obtaining, transporting, and treating water) and thermoelectric energy generation, which converts heat to electricity via…
(more)
▼ Energy and water are connected through the water-use cycle (e.g. obtaining, transporting, and treating water) and thermoelectric energy generation, which converts heat to electricity via steam-driven turbines. As the United States implements more renewable energy technologies, quantifying the relationships between energy, water, and land-surface impacts of these implementations will provide policy makers the strengths and weaknesses of different renewable energy options. In this study, a MODFLOW model of the Indian Wells Valley (IWV), in California, was developed to capture the water, energy, and land-surface impacts of potential proposed 1) solar, 2) wind, and 3) biofuel implementations. The model was calibrated to pre-existing groundwater head data from 1985 to present to develop a baseline model before running two-year predictive scenarios for photovoltaic (PV), concentrating solar power (CSP), wind, and biofuel implementations. Additionally, the baseline model was perturbed by decreasing mountain front recharge values by 5%, 10%, and 15%, simulating potential future system perturbations under a changing climate. These potential future conditions were used to re-run each implementation scenario. Implementation scenarios were developed based on population, typical energy use per person, existing land-use and land-cover type within the IWV, and previously published values for water use, surface-area use, and energy-generation potential for each renewable fuel type. The results indicate that the quantity of water needed, localized drawdown from pumping water to meet implementation demands, and generation efficiency are strongly controlled by the fuel type, as well as the energy generating technology and thermoelectric technologies implemented. Specifically, PV and wind-turbine (WT) implementations required less than 1% of the estimated annual aquifer recharge, while technologies such as biofuels and CSP, which rely on thermoelectric generation, ranged from 3% to 20%. As modeled groundwater elevations declined in the IWV, the net generation (i.e. energy produced – energy used) of each renewable energy implementation decreased due a higher energy cost for pumping groundwater. The loss in efficiency was minimal for PV and wind solutions, with maximum changes in the drawdown being less than 10 m; however, for CSP and biofuel implementations drawdowns over 50 m were observed at the pumping well, resulting in electrical generation efficiency losses between 4% and 50% over a two-year period. It was concluded that PV would be the best balance between water and land-use for the IWV, or other groundwater dependent Basin and Range settings. In areas with limited water resources but abundant available land for implementation, WT solutions would have the smallest hydrologic impact. The impact of renewable scenarios was highly variable across and within differing fuel types, with the potential for larger negative impacts under a changing climate in areas with no perennial surface water.
Advisors/Committee Members: Singha, Kamini (advisor), Benson, David A. (committee member), Trainor-Guitton, Whitney (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: groundwater; energy-water-nexus; hydrology
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Rey, D. M. (2017). Exploring the effect of climate perturbations on water availability for renewable energy development in the Indian Wells Valley, California. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/171852
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Rey, David M. “Exploring the effect of climate perturbations on water availability for renewable energy development in the Indian Wells Valley, California.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11124/171852.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Rey, David M. “Exploring the effect of climate perturbations on water availability for renewable energy development in the Indian Wells Valley, California.” 2017. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Rey DM. Exploring the effect of climate perturbations on water availability for renewable energy development in the Indian Wells Valley, California. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/171852.
Council of Science Editors:
Rey DM. Exploring the effect of climate perturbations on water availability for renewable energy development in the Indian Wells Valley, California. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/171852
Colorado School of Mines
8.
Malenda, Helen Fitzgerald.
From grain to floodplain: evaluating heterogeneity of floodplain hydrostratigraphy using sedimentology, geophysics, and remote sensing.
Degree: MS(M.S.), Geology and Geological Engineering, 2018, Colorado School of Mines
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172150
► Floodplain stratigraphy, a major structural element of alluvial aquifers, is a fundamental component of floodplain heterogeneity, hydraulic conductivity, and connectivity. Watershed-scale hydrological models often simplify…
(more)
▼ Floodplain stratigraphy, a major structural element of alluvial aquifers, is a fundamental component of floodplain heterogeneity, hydraulic conductivity, and connectivity. Watershed-scale hydrological models often simplify floodplains by modeling them as largely homogeneous, which inherently overlooks natural floodplain heterogeneity and anisotropy and their effects on hydrologic processes such as groundwater flow and transport and hyporheic exchange. This study, conducted in the East River Basin,
Colorado, USA, combines point-, meander-, and floodplain-scale data to explore the importance of detailed field studies and physical representation of alluvial aquifers. We combine sediment core descriptions, hydraulic conductivity estimates from slug tests, ground-penetrating radar (GPR), historical maps of former channels, LiDAR-based elevation and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index data to infer 3-D fluvial stratigraphy. We compare and contrast stratigraphy of two meanders with disparate geometries to explore floodplain heterogeneity and connectivity controls on flow and transport. We identify buried point bars, former channels, and overbank deposits using GPR, corroborated by point sediment descriptions collected during piezometer installment and remotely sensed products. We map heterogeneous structural features that should control resultant flow and transport; orientation and connectivity of these features would control residence times important in hydrologic models.
Advisors/Committee Members: Singha, Kamini (advisor), Rowland, Joel (committee member), Navarre-Sitchler, Alexis K. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: hydrofacies mapping; fluvial sedimentology; remote sensing
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APA (6th Edition):
Malenda, H. F. (2018). From grain to floodplain: evaluating heterogeneity of floodplain hydrostratigraphy using sedimentology, geophysics, and remote sensing. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172150
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Malenda, Helen Fitzgerald. “From grain to floodplain: evaluating heterogeneity of floodplain hydrostratigraphy using sedimentology, geophysics, and remote sensing.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172150.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Malenda, Helen Fitzgerald. “From grain to floodplain: evaluating heterogeneity of floodplain hydrostratigraphy using sedimentology, geophysics, and remote sensing.” 2018. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Malenda HF. From grain to floodplain: evaluating heterogeneity of floodplain hydrostratigraphy using sedimentology, geophysics, and remote sensing. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172150.
Council of Science Editors:
Malenda HF. From grain to floodplain: evaluating heterogeneity of floodplain hydrostratigraphy using sedimentology, geophysics, and remote sensing. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172150
Colorado School of Mines
9.
Collins, Caitlin M.
Using an integrated hydrology model to elucidate plant water use in a headwaters research catchment.
Degree: MS(M.S.), Geology and Geological Engineering, 2018, Colorado School of Mines
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172353
► Mountain headwaters are vulnerable to change. Increases in annual average temperature, changes in seasonal precipitation and drought stress will continue to alter the dynamics of…
(more)
▼ Mountain headwaters are vulnerable to change. Increases in annual average temperature, changes in seasonal precipitation and drought stress will continue to alter the dynamics of these delicate ecosystems. Despite its significance in the water budget, both the quantity and partitioning of evapotranspiration (ET) is poorly resolved. Restricted by discrete point observations, physical observations in mountain headwaters are challenging, limited by uncertainties and difficult to scale. Integrated, physically-based models are tools for dissecting the mechanisms driving evaporation and transpiration. Understanding mountain vegetation water use is an essential component for predicting the vegetative response to stress. This study is motivated by evidence of drought-induced tree mortality in some Sierran catchments, a high degree of uncertainty in mountain regolith groundwater storage, and the impacts of subsurface characterization on mountain ecohydrology (Holbrook et al. 2014; Jepsen et al. 2016). Using a physically-based integrated modeling approach, this study explores the role of lateral groundwater flow on the drought-tolerance of montane vegetation. Despite a 68.8% decrease in precipitation during the drought period, evapotranspiration only decreased by 26.5%. From the pre-drought period to the drought period the total change in groundwater storage decreased by 470%. Incorporating lateral groundwater flow increased transpiration partitioning (T/ET) from 44.9% to 59.0% in the pre-drought period and from 52.8% to 63.5% in the drought period. These results suggest that plant stress is mitigated under drought conditions because lateral flow of groundwater storage sustains transpiration.
Advisors/Committee Members: Maxwell, Reed M. (advisor), Singha, Kamini (committee member), Constantine, Paul G. (committee member).
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APA (6th Edition):
Collins, C. M. (2018). Using an integrated hydrology model to elucidate plant water use in a headwaters research catchment. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172353
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Collins, Caitlin M. “Using an integrated hydrology model to elucidate plant water use in a headwaters research catchment.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172353.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Collins, Caitlin M. “Using an integrated hydrology model to elucidate plant water use in a headwaters research catchment.” 2018. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Collins CM. Using an integrated hydrology model to elucidate plant water use in a headwaters research catchment. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172353.
Council of Science Editors:
Collins CM. Using an integrated hydrology model to elucidate plant water use in a headwaters research catchment. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172353
Colorado School of Mines
10.
Rickel, Ariel.
Analysis of the influence of ferricrete on hyporheic exchange flows.
Degree: MS(M.S.), Geology and Geological Engineering, 2020, Colorado School of Mines
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/175331
► The area of confluence between surface water and groundwater, known as the hyporheic zone, is a natural biogeochemical filter that is dependent on channel morphology…
(more)
▼ The area of confluence between surface water and groundwater, known as the hyporheic zone, is a natural biogeochemical filter that is dependent on channel morphology and hydraulic conductivity, pressure-driven downwelling and upwelling currents, and stream discharge. In Cement Creek near Silverton,
Colorado, deposition of amorphous iron minerals reduces the permeability of the streambed and limits flow through the hyporheic zone. This limited exchange may lower the potential for pollutant attenuation from the metals-loaded waters of Cement Creek within the hyporheic zone. This study found that hyporheic exchange in this system is limited in spatial extent and reduces during low flow when compared to what we would expect from streams without ferricrete. To quantify flow through the hyporheic zone, we used time-lapse electrical resistivity of the streambed and banks of Cement Creek taken over the course of a day in conjunction with a four-hour salt injection tracer test. The solute was constrained within the streambed, with little flow through the banks, and had longer residence times in the hyporheic zone during high flow than at low flow. Slug test data suggested the presence of a zone of lower permeability at 44-cm depth that was likely made of precipitated ferricrete that cemented cobbles together. The comparison of apparent bulk conductivity from the geophysics to in-stream fluid conductivity allowed for the calculation of mass transfer parameters between the stream and hyporheic zone based on the difference in solute retardation patterns in the two breakthrough curves. During high flow, in-stream breakthrough curves displayed slower breakthrough and greater smoothing which is consistent with the geophysical inversion results that indicate higher residence times at high flow. Analyses of low flow data indicated decreased residence time within the subsurface and comparatively faster breakthrough. The hyporheic storage area within Cement Creek, estimated from the modeled capacity coefficient, decreased by two orders of magnitude between high (0.5 m2 as modeled from hysteresis curve and in STAMMT-L) and low flow (0.006 m2 from STAMMT-L model), along with a corresponding decrease in residence times (300 s versus 10 s, respectively).
Advisors/Committee Members: Singha, Kamini (advisor), Navarre-Sitchler, Alexis K. (committee member), Mangel, Adam (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: hydrogeophysics; mass-transfer; ferricrete; tracer; hyporheic
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APA (6th Edition):
Rickel, A. (2020). Analysis of the influence of ferricrete on hyporheic exchange flows. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/175331
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Rickel, Ariel. “Analysis of the influence of ferricrete on hyporheic exchange flows.” 2020. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11124/175331.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Rickel, Ariel. “Analysis of the influence of ferricrete on hyporheic exchange flows.” 2020. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Rickel A. Analysis of the influence of ferricrete on hyporheic exchange flows. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/175331.
Council of Science Editors:
Rickel A. Analysis of the influence of ferricrete on hyporheic exchange flows. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/175331
Colorado School of Mines
11.
Ryken, Anna C.
Sensitivity and model reduction of simulated snow processes: contrasting observational and parameter uncertainty to improve prediction.
Degree: MS(M.S.), Geology and Geological Engineering, 2018, Colorado School of Mines
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172341
► The hydrology of high-elevation, mountainous regions is poorly represented in Earth Systems Models (ESMs). In addition to regulating downstream water delivery, these ecosystems play an…
(more)
▼ The hydrology of high-elevation, mountainous regions is poorly represented in Earth Systems Models (ESMs). In addition to regulating downstream water delivery, these ecosystems play an important role in the storage and land-atmosphere exchange of water. Water balances are sensitive to the amount of water stored in the snowpack (snow water equivalent, SWE), as much of Colorado’s water supply is derived from snowmelt. In an effort to resolve this hydrologic gap in ESMs, this study seeks to better understand how uncertainty in both model parameters and forcing affect simulated snow processes. To better understand parameter uncertainty and asses model performance, this study conducts a sensitivity analysis, using active subspaces, on model inputs (meteorological forcing and static parameters) for both evergreen needleleaf and bare ground land cover types. Observations from an AmeriFlux tower at the Niwot Ridge research site are used to force an integrated single-column hydrologic model, ParFlow-CLM. This study found that trees can mute the effects of sublimation causing the evergreen needleleaf model to be sensitive primarily to hydrologic forcing; humidity in the winter, radiation and air temperature in the summer months. However, bare ground simulations were most sensitive to snow parameters along with radiation as these are unblocked by canopy. The bare ground model is most sensitive to overall changes to the linear combination of input parameters, which means radiation observations and snow parameterizations are of great importance for obtaining accurate hydrologic model results. Humidity measurements are also important, but the change in SWE of the evergreen needleleaf simulations was less than that of the bare ground simulations.
Advisors/Committee Members: Maxwell, Reed M. (advisor), Kroepsch, Adrianne (committee member), Singha, Kamini (committee member), Gochis, David (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: sensitivity analysis; modeling
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APA (6th Edition):
Ryken, A. C. (2018). Sensitivity and model reduction of simulated snow processes: contrasting observational and parameter uncertainty to improve prediction. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172341
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Ryken, Anna C. “Sensitivity and model reduction of simulated snow processes: contrasting observational and parameter uncertainty to improve prediction.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172341.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Ryken, Anna C. “Sensitivity and model reduction of simulated snow processes: contrasting observational and parameter uncertainty to improve prediction.” 2018. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Ryken AC. Sensitivity and model reduction of simulated snow processes: contrasting observational and parameter uncertainty to improve prediction. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172341.
Council of Science Editors:
Ryken AC. Sensitivity and model reduction of simulated snow processes: contrasting observational and parameter uncertainty to improve prediction. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172341
Colorado School of Mines
12.
Sams, Bonnie C.
Contact metamorphism of the Mancos shale: impacts on solute release and weatherability in the East River Valley, Gothic, CO.
Degree: MS(M.S.), Geology and Geological Engineering, 2018, Colorado School of Mines
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172538
► Alteration of rocks by contact metamorphism directly impacts rock pore structure and mineralogy, potentially decreasing weathering susceptibility and altering water residence times and release rates…
(more)
▼ Alteration of rocks by contact metamorphism directly impacts rock pore structure and mineralogy, potentially decreasing weathering susceptibility and altering water residence times and release rates of aqueous solutes. Mountainous catchments, which can often be metamorphosed, are important for water and solute supply. Changes in the underlying lithology of a catchment can therefore directly impact water quality and solute release rates, imparting watershed scale changes in flow regimes and rate of flow within hydrologic systems. Here we aim to quantify differences in solute release rates from Mancos shale samples as a function of degree of metamorphism. Variable contact metamorphism of Mancos shale bedrock in the East River provides a natural test bed to investigate the role of underlying geology on weathering susceptibility, solute release rates and changing river chemistry in metamorphosed and unmetamorphosed sections of the Mancos shale. To analyze the relationship between rate of solute release and degree of metamorphism, three trials of column scale experiments were conducted for unmetamorphosed and metamorphosed Mancos shale samples collected in the East River,
Colorado. Steady state calcium release rates from metamorphosed samples were found to be an order of magnitude higher than the release of calcium from unmetamorphosed samples. These solute release rates will help constrain watershed scale weathering and solute sources in the East River to better understand the relationship between rates of rock weathering and catchment solute release. Different solute release rates calculated from metamorphosed and unmetamorphosed samples at the column scale can be used to further constrain the spatial variation of weatherablity in metamorphosed and unmetamorphosed shale. Changes in release rates from unmetamorphosed and metamorphosed samples could be linked to differences present in sample mineralogy.
Advisors/Committee Members: Navarre-Sitchler, Alexis K. (advisor), Singha, Kamini (committee member), Ranville, James F. (committee member).
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APA (6th Edition):
Sams, B. C. (2018). Contact metamorphism of the Mancos shale: impacts on solute release and weatherability in the East River Valley, Gothic, CO. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172538
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Sams, Bonnie C. “Contact metamorphism of the Mancos shale: impacts on solute release and weatherability in the East River Valley, Gothic, CO.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172538.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Sams, Bonnie C. “Contact metamorphism of the Mancos shale: impacts on solute release and weatherability in the East River Valley, Gothic, CO.” 2018. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Sams BC. Contact metamorphism of the Mancos shale: impacts on solute release and weatherability in the East River Valley, Gothic, CO. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172538.
Council of Science Editors:
Sams BC. Contact metamorphism of the Mancos shale: impacts on solute release and weatherability in the East River Valley, Gothic, CO. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172538
Colorado School of Mines
13.
Snodgrass, John E.
Web development of a machine learning tool that automatically determines the origin of natural gas with increased accuracy and confidence over the current methods.
Degree: MS(M.S.), Geology and Geological Engineering, 2020, Colorado School of Mines
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/174145
► Previous methods to determine the origin of natural gases consist mostly of analyzing combinations of three empirical binary plots with molecular ratio C1/(C2+C3) and isotopic…
(more)
▼ Previous methods to determine the origin of natural gases consist mostly of analyzing combinations of three empirical binary plots with molecular ratio C1/(C2+C3) and isotopic values δ13C-C1, δ12H-C1, and δ13C-CO2. Using these diagrams, geochemists distinguish five origins of natural gas: abiotic, thermogenic, primary microbial from CO2 reduction primary microbial from methyl-type fermentation and secondary microbial. However, the genetic fields on these diagrams partially overlap, making the interpretation of some samples ambiguous. Here, I integrate supervised machine learning to improve these methods and create a tool that dramatically increases the accuracy, certainty and speed of classifying a natural gas sample. With data science and software engineering, I utilized a dataset of 27,853 natural gas samples to create and deploy a random forest natural gas classifier tool that uses the same geochemical parameters as the binary diagrams. This web tool that can automatically classify the origin of natural gas at an accuracy of over 97% and provide calculated certainty of each classification.
Advisors/Committee Members: Milkov, Alexei V. (advisor), Singha, Kamini (committee member), Navidi, William Cyrus (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: gas interpretation; software engineering; gas origin; data science
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APA (6th Edition):
Snodgrass, J. E. (2020). Web development of a machine learning tool that automatically determines the origin of natural gas with increased accuracy and confidence over the current methods. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/174145
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Snodgrass, John E. “Web development of a machine learning tool that automatically determines the origin of natural gas with increased accuracy and confidence over the current methods.” 2020. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11124/174145.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Snodgrass, John E. “Web development of a machine learning tool that automatically determines the origin of natural gas with increased accuracy and confidence over the current methods.” 2020. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Snodgrass JE. Web development of a machine learning tool that automatically determines the origin of natural gas with increased accuracy and confidence over the current methods. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/174145.
Council of Science Editors:
Snodgrass JE. Web development of a machine learning tool that automatically determines the origin of natural gas with increased accuracy and confidence over the current methods. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/174145
Colorado School of Mines
14.
Mapeli, Cesar.
Effect of pressure on simultaneous elastic and electric measurements of sandstones, The.
Degree: MS(M.S.), Petroleum Engineering, 2018, Colorado School of Mines
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172148
► Sedimentary rocks are composed of complexly shaped grains deposited in random orientation. This arrangement allows void space to be present between grains, also called pores.…
(more)
▼ Sedimentary rocks are composed of complexly shaped grains deposited in random orientation. This arrangement allows void space to be present between grains, also called pores. Pore spaces are as complex as the grains themselves; when connected, the pore spaces create a network of micro-structures. This network, or porosity, and its geometry, or aspect ratio, are essential for geophysical data interpretation and reservoir quality determination. In this thesis, the effect of pressure on sedimentary rocks and the hysteresis caused by pressure cycles are studied. In the search to understand the fundamentals of the joint physics between elastic and transport properties, simultaneous elastic and electrical measurements and porosity and permeability measurement were performed, both under confining pressure allowing the study of elastic and transport properties under simulated reservoir conditions. Further, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) results are used between pressure cycles to evaluate hysteresis. Ultimately the purpose of the proposed studies is to generate a reliable data set for elastic and electrical joint studies, better understand how the rock microstructure is modified by pressure, and how hysteresis can affect pressure dependent tests. The data presented by this study were produced from five sandstone outcrops samples and a sandstone analog constructed from fused glass beads. The results from simultaneous elastic and electrical measurements under confining pressures were compared to literature and models to ensure data reliability. Multidirectional elastic measurements were used to verify variability since all samples used were homogeneous and isotropic. Finally, the NMR results were used to understand how the pore-size distribution of each sample was being modified during pressure cycles. After evaluating the results I was able to conclude that the data acquired during this work are reliable with low variability. Further, the results obtained in this thesis show: 1. Significant hysteresis after different pressure cycles make simultaneous measurements vital. Subsequent measurements after a pressure cycle can be affected by changes in the sample microstructure. 2. The imaginary conductivity shows a shift of peak frequency towards lower frequencies. 3. With pressure, the decrease in surface area is larger than the increase in tortuosity. 4. Finally, the effects of pressure on the measured data were evaluated, allowing the conclusion that elastic data changes in a exponential path with pressure, while porosity, permeability and conductivity behave more linearly between 3 and 20.7 MPa.
Advisors/Committee Members: Prasad, Manika (advisor), Singha, Kamini (committee member), Sampaio, Jorge (committee member), Niu, Qifei (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: petrophysics; sandstones; elastic; simultaneous measurements; resistivity
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APA (6th Edition):
Mapeli, C. (2018). Effect of pressure on simultaneous elastic and electric measurements of sandstones, The. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172148
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Mapeli, Cesar. “Effect of pressure on simultaneous elastic and electric measurements of sandstones, The.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172148.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Mapeli, Cesar. “Effect of pressure on simultaneous elastic and electric measurements of sandstones, The.” 2018. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Mapeli C. Effect of pressure on simultaneous elastic and electric measurements of sandstones, The. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172148.
Council of Science Editors:
Mapeli C. Effect of pressure on simultaneous elastic and electric measurements of sandstones, The. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172148
Colorado School of Mines
15.
McGuinness, James.
Experimentally determined solute release rates from variably metamorphosed shale: implications for weathering in the East River watershed, CO.
Degree: MS(M.S.), Geology and Geological Engineering, 2019, Colorado School of Mines
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173277
► This study investigates the variability in solute release rates from samples of shale and slate with variable lithology resulting from contact metamorphism. Mineral dissolution column…
(more)
▼ This study investigates the variability in solute release rates from samples of shale and slate with variable lithology resulting from contact metamorphism. Mineral dissolution column experiments are used to test the hypothesis that solute release rates will vary with metamorphic grade of Mancos Shale samples collected from the East River watershed in southcentral
Colorado. To test if there is variation in solute release rates correlating to metamorphic grade in the East River watershed; flow through column experiments were performed at ambient temperatures ( 25C) in clear, acrylic columns with an internal diameter of 2.54 cm and a column length of 30.48 cm. The following synthetic rain water solution was mixed in 15 L batches: 4.07 mg NaNO3, 3.24 mg NaCl, 0.35 mg KCl,1.65 mg CaCl2 H2O, 2.98 mg MgSO4 7H2O, and 3.41 mg (NH4)2SO, per liter of deionized water. Lithium triazide at .05% by volume was added to the input solution to prevent bacterial growth (Neaman et al, 2004). The synthetic rain water solution was pumped through the columns and effluent samples were collected at approximately 24-hour intervals for 20-24. Mancos Shale in the East River watershed has been impacted by contact metamorphism. Mineral compositions have been altered from this metamorphism. The East River Mancos Shale samples are separated into three qualitative groups the highest metamorphosed, moderately metamorphosed, and least metamorphosed. Compositional differences in the bulk mineralogy of metamorphosed samples compared to unmetamorphosed samples are linked to differences in the steady state release of solutes.
Advisors/Committee Members: Navarre-Sitchler, Alexis K. (advisor), Singha, Kamini (committee member), Wanty, Richard B. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: geochemistry; water-rock interactions; shale; column experiments
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APA (6th Edition):
McGuinness, J. (2019). Experimentally determined solute release rates from variably metamorphosed shale: implications for weathering in the East River watershed, CO. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173277
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
McGuinness, James. “Experimentally determined solute release rates from variably metamorphosed shale: implications for weathering in the East River watershed, CO.” 2019. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173277.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
McGuinness, James. “Experimentally determined solute release rates from variably metamorphosed shale: implications for weathering in the East River watershed, CO.” 2019. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
McGuinness J. Experimentally determined solute release rates from variably metamorphosed shale: implications for weathering in the East River watershed, CO. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173277.
Council of Science Editors:
McGuinness J. Experimentally determined solute release rates from variably metamorphosed shale: implications for weathering in the East River watershed, CO. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173277
Colorado School of Mines
16.
Miller, Savannah R.
Assessment of scaling and information requirements of the classical advection dispersion equation and a temporal-nonlocal advection dispersion equation at the MADE site, An.
Degree: MS(M.S.), Geology and Geological Engineering, 2016, Colorado School of Mines
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170445
► The MacroDispersion Experiment (MADE) Site in Columbus, MS, is a research site where tracer tests have been performed to further understand transport processes in heterogeneous…
(more)
▼ The MacroDispersion Experiment (MADE) Site in Columbus, MS, is a research site where tracer tests have been performed to further understand transport processes in heterogeneous material. Tracer tests have exhibited anomalous plume behavior, including early arrival times and heavy, power-law late-time tails that the classical Advection-Dispersion Equation (ADE) is unable to match. The heavy tailing is due to mass transfer into low velocity zones where dissolved solute becomes relatively immobile for certain periods of time. Transport modeling insufficiencies have led to two additional areas of research: collecting more hydraulic conductivity (K) data to better define subsurface heterogeneities and modifying the ADE to account for anomalous transport. This study seeks to further both research areas through the investigation of a single-well injection withdrawal test (SWIW) at the MADE Site with a skewed breakthrough curve (BTC). High resolution hydraulic conductivity and facies data were collected in the area of the SWIW test. This data was used to statistically generate a high resolution K domain of the aquifer material and was spatially upscaled (averaged) to examine transport model capabilities while destroying K information. Two models were compared at a range of K domain resolutions, the ADE and a temporal-nonlocal advection dispersion equation (t-fADE). The t-fADE model was used as an alternative to the classical ADE because it is able to simulate the power-law tailing observed in the SWIW BTC. Water table fluctuations throughout the SWIW test were also included by solving Richard's equation. When the K domain was defined at a high-resolution the ADE was able to match the heavy, power-law, late-time tailing. By explicitly defining small-scale heterogeneities, the ADE can simulate solute trapping in low K zones where solute becomes immobile for a period of time. As K information was destroyed, the ADE model's accuracy decreased and simulating the SWIW test with the t-fADE model became more advantageous. Both transport model simulations exhibited their largest decline in performance at the scaling point where facies boundaries were averaged out, indicating the importance of mass transfer between facies rather than within facies boundaries. The vadose zone proved to be a significant
contributor of solute trapping. To explore the predictive capabilities of both transport models at such a highly heterogeneous site, many equally probable realizations at the finest K resolution were created. The variability between realizations as well as simulated BTCs were analyzed to assess if the best-fit parameter values, which represent hydraulic properties of the subsurface, are characteristic of the aquifer or of the particular K field realization. While both transport models were able to fit the measured data with enough K information, the predictive capabilities were poor. Additional K field realizations could not repeatedly simulate the same BTC. Aquifer heterogeneity was too complex for a predictive…
Advisors/Committee Members: Benson, David A. (advisor), Singha, Kamini (committee member), Hering, Amanda S. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: groundwater modeling; contaminant transport
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APA (6th Edition):
Miller, S. R. (2016). Assessment of scaling and information requirements of the classical advection dispersion equation and a temporal-nonlocal advection dispersion equation at the MADE site, An. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170445
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Miller, Savannah R. “Assessment of scaling and information requirements of the classical advection dispersion equation and a temporal-nonlocal advection dispersion equation at the MADE site, An.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170445.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Miller, Savannah R. “Assessment of scaling and information requirements of the classical advection dispersion equation and a temporal-nonlocal advection dispersion equation at the MADE site, An.” 2016. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Miller SR. Assessment of scaling and information requirements of the classical advection dispersion equation and a temporal-nonlocal advection dispersion equation at the MADE site, An. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170445.
Council of Science Editors:
Miller SR. Assessment of scaling and information requirements of the classical advection dispersion equation and a temporal-nonlocal advection dispersion equation at the MADE site, An. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170445
Colorado School of Mines
17.
Bandler, Aaron J.
Geophysical constraints on critical zone architecture and subsurface hydrology of opposing montane hillslopes.
Degree: MS(M.S.), Geology and Geological Engineering, 2016, Colorado School of Mines
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170251
► We investigate the relationship between slope aspect, subsurface hydrology, and critical zone (CZ) structure in a montane watershed by examining the orientations of foliation and…
(more)
▼ We investigate the relationship between slope aspect, subsurface hydrology, and critical zone (CZ) structure in a montane watershed by examining the orientations of foliation and fracturing and thicknesses of weathered material on north- and south-facing aspects. Weathering models predict that north-facing slopes will have thicker and more porous saprolite due to colder, wetter conditions, which exacerbate frost damage and weathering along open fractures. Using borehole imaging and seismic refraction, we compare the seismic velocity and anisotropy of north- and south-facing slopes with the orientation of fracturing. Fracturing occurs in the same dominant orientations across slopes, but the north-facing slope has more developed and slightly thicker soil as predicted, while the south-facing slope has thicker and more intact saprolite that is highly anisotropic in the direction of fracturing. Our data support hypotheses that subsurface flow is matrix-driven on north-facing slopes and preferential on south-facing slopes. We attribute thicker saprolite on south-facing slopes to heterogeneity induced by competition between infiltration, topographic stress, and permafrost during Pleistocene glaciation. We provide new constraints on subsurface architecture to inform future models of CZ evolution.
Advisors/Committee Members: Singha, Kamini (advisor), Santi, Paul M. (Paul Michael), 1964- (committee member), Swidinsky, Andrei (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: aspect; critical zone; CZO; hydrogeophysics; optical borehole imaging; seismic refraction
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APA (6th Edition):
Bandler, A. J. (2016). Geophysical constraints on critical zone architecture and subsurface hydrology of opposing montane hillslopes. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170251
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Bandler, Aaron J. “Geophysical constraints on critical zone architecture and subsurface hydrology of opposing montane hillslopes.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170251.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Bandler, Aaron J. “Geophysical constraints on critical zone architecture and subsurface hydrology of opposing montane hillslopes.” 2016. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Bandler AJ. Geophysical constraints on critical zone architecture and subsurface hydrology of opposing montane hillslopes. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170251.
Council of Science Editors:
Bandler AJ. Geophysical constraints on critical zone architecture and subsurface hydrology of opposing montane hillslopes. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170251
Colorado School of Mines
18.
Foster, Allan W.
Exploration of solute transport mobility in 1-D and 3-D physical models, An.
Degree: MS(M.S.), Geology and Geological Engineering, 2019, Colorado School of Mines
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173251
► The advection-dispersion equation (ADE) often fails to predict solute transport in part due to the presence of less well connected, less-mobile pore space. Here, we…
(more)
▼ The advection-dispersion equation (ADE) often fails to predict solute transport in part due to the presence of less well connected, less-mobile pore space. Here, we explore the role of porosity or flowpaths of differing mobility and their physical effects on tracer transport in a series of controlled 1-D column- and 3-D tank-scale experiments. Experiments at both scales included co-located (spatially and temporally) fluid electrical conductivity (σ_f) and bulk apparent electrical conductivity (σ_b) to help parse the relationship between mobile and less-mobile domains. Systems with domains of differing mobility showed elongated tailing in observed σ_f breakthrough curves and a lag between σ_f and σ_b, phenomena not easily described by the ADE. Numerical models—STAMMT-L for the 1-D column experiments coupled with analytical graphical methods, and SEAWAT and R3t for the 3-D tank-scale experiments—were used to estimate physical parameters controlling transport. At the 1-D column-scale, three different grain packings were studied in 24.4-cm length columns, including 1) homogeneously packed20/#30 Accusand, which contains intergranular but no intragranular pore space; 2) St. Cloud zeolite clinoptilolite, and 3) crushed amorphous silica glass, both of which contain intergranular and intragranular pore space. Experiments included stepped NaCl tracer injections at Peclet numbers ranging from 3 to 1000 to investigate flow-rate controls on physical solute transport parameters. The zeolite and amorphous silica glass results both indicated the presence of a less-mobile domain and mass transfer rates between more- and less-mobile porosity influenced by tracer injection duration and flow rate, confirmed by numerical models in STAMMT-L, whereas data from the homogeneous Accusand indicated little less-mobile pore space, as expected. At the 3-D tank-scale, a synthetic-heterogeneous aquifer was developed with four impermeable barriers installed in otherwise homogeneously packed #70 Unimin sand within a 429 cm x 244 cm x 36 cm tank. A 72-hr NaCl-pulse tracer injection at a Peclet number of 15 was performed. Results indicate solute trapping behind the impermeable barriers, creating advective flowpaths of different lengths. The orientation of the impermeable barriers with respect to bulk flow direction controls the formation of these pathways. The observation of less-mobile flowpaths from the co-located σ_b versus σ_f measurements at 12 different locations indicated that a stagnation zone forms directly downgradient of the largest barrier (perpendicular to primary flow direction), which was imaged in 3D electrical resistivity inversions. Our co-located σ_b versus σ_f data also indicate density-dependent flow that is primarily occurring within the highly permeable well conduits, and difference inversions indicate the plume increasing in thickness with depth, characteristic of density-dependent flow. Observed data and numerical simulations both indicated an influence of density-driven solute transport in the locations directly up- and…
Advisors/Committee Members: Singha, Kamini (advisor), Illangasekare, T. H. (committee member), Navarre-Sitchler, Alexis K. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: geophysical electrical resistivity; less-mobile domains; solute transport; geophysical inversion; dual-domain mass transfer; porous media
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APA (6th Edition):
Foster, A. W. (2019). Exploration of solute transport mobility in 1-D and 3-D physical models, An. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173251
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Foster, Allan W. “Exploration of solute transport mobility in 1-D and 3-D physical models, An.” 2019. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173251.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Foster, Allan W. “Exploration of solute transport mobility in 1-D and 3-D physical models, An.” 2019. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Foster AW. Exploration of solute transport mobility in 1-D and 3-D physical models, An. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173251.
Council of Science Editors:
Foster AW. Exploration of solute transport mobility in 1-D and 3-D physical models, An. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173251
Colorado School of Mines
19.
Corrigan, Rachel S.
Towards a better representation of the subsurface across the continental US: developing hydraulic conductivity datasets for integrated hydrologic models.
Degree: MS(M.S.), Geology and Geological Engineering, 2019, Colorado School of Mines
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173031
► Groundwater is the largest source of accessible freshwater, accounts for over 30% of total water use worldwide, and is intrinsically connected to land-surface processes. Groundwater…
(more)
▼ Groundwater is the largest source of accessible freshwater, accounts for over 30% of total water use worldwide, and is intrinsically connected to land-surface processes. Groundwater flow is largely influence by hydraulic gradients and the properties of the porous media, such as hydraulic conductivity. The methods by which hydraulic conductivity is measured vary greatly among local, regional, and global scale measurements. Local-scale measurements can be made through borehole tests, and large-scale conductivity values are regularly regarded as the geometric mean of local-scale measurements. Effective conductivity values vary greatly with scale, leading to uncertainty in aggregated representations. Borehole and survey data gaps exist spatially which further exacerbated observational data limitations for informing aggregated estimates. This creates a scale dependent challenge that relies upon a variety of data types, each with its own inherent limitations. The work presented here improves current regional permeability estimations by developing a new continental-scale hydraulic conductivity product. A previously published approach for estimating hydraulic conductivity from morphologic patterns was adapted and extended to the continental US. The geometric mean value from the new hydraulic conductivity product are comparable to existing continental-scale datasets. The density distribution of values from the new product shows less bimodality than other products, though exhibits an East-West trend. This indicates that the methodology captures more heterogeneity in conductivity values than other methods. The product developed here joins a growing number of products that improve our hydrologic understanding of North America. It will serve as a community resource for populating large scale models which will improve our understanding of how water flows through the Earth’s crust.
Advisors/Committee Members: Maxwell, Reed M. (advisor), Singha, Kamini (committee member), Zhou, Wendy (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: dataset; hydraulic conductivity; large-scale; groundwater; continental; hydrology
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APA (6th Edition):
Corrigan, R. S. (2019). Towards a better representation of the subsurface across the continental US: developing hydraulic conductivity datasets for integrated hydrologic models. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173031
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Corrigan, Rachel S. “Towards a better representation of the subsurface across the continental US: developing hydraulic conductivity datasets for integrated hydrologic models.” 2019. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173031.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Corrigan, Rachel S. “Towards a better representation of the subsurface across the continental US: developing hydraulic conductivity datasets for integrated hydrologic models.” 2019. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Corrigan RS. Towards a better representation of the subsurface across the continental US: developing hydraulic conductivity datasets for integrated hydrologic models. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173031.
Council of Science Editors:
Corrigan RS. Towards a better representation of the subsurface across the continental US: developing hydraulic conductivity datasets for integrated hydrologic models. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173031
Colorado School of Mines
20.
Bethune, James C.
Non-invasive flow path characterization in a mining-impacted wetland.
Degree: MS(M.S.), Geology and Geological Engineering, 2014, Colorado School of Mines
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/10624
► Time-lapse electrical resistivity (ER) is used in this study to capture the annual pulse of acid mine drainage (AMD) contamination, the so-called 'first-flush' driven by…
(more)
▼ Time-lapse electrical resistivity (ER) is used in this study to capture the annual pulse of acid mine drainage (AMD) contamination, the so-called 'first-flush' driven by spring snowmelt, through the subsurface of a wetland downgradient of the abandoned Pennsylvania Mine workings in Central
Colorado. Data were collected from mid-July to late October of 2013, with an additional dataset collected in June of 2014. ER provides a distributed measurement of changes in subsurface electrical properties at high spatial resolution. Inversion of the data shows the development through time of multiple resistive anomalies in the subsurface, which corroborating data suggest are driven by changes in total dissolved solids (TDS) localized in preferential flow pathways. Because of the non-uniqueness inherent to deterministic inversion, the exact geometry and magnitude of the anomalies is unknown, but sensitivity analyses on synthetic data taken to mimic the site suggest that the anomalies would need to be at least several meters in diameter to be adequately resolved by the inversions. Preferential flow path existence would have a critical impact on the extent of attenuation mechanisms at the site, and their further characterization could be used to parameterize reactive transport models in developing quantitative predictions of remediation strategies.
Advisors/Committee Members: Singha, Kamini (advisor), Runkel, Robert L. (committee member), Navarre-Sitchler, Alexis K. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: acid mine drainage; Peru Creek; flow path; electrical resistivity; Acid mine drainage – Environmental aspects – Colorado; Wetlands – Colorado; Water quality – Colorado; Water – Pollution – Measurement; Peru Creek (Colo.)
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APA (6th Edition):
Bethune, J. C. (2014). Non-invasive flow path characterization in a mining-impacted wetland. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/10624
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Bethune, James C. “Non-invasive flow path characterization in a mining-impacted wetland.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11124/10624.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Bethune, James C. “Non-invasive flow path characterization in a mining-impacted wetland.” 2014. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Bethune JC. Non-invasive flow path characterization in a mining-impacted wetland. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/10624.
Council of Science Editors:
Bethune JC. Non-invasive flow path characterization in a mining-impacted wetland. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/10624
Colorado School of Mines
21.
Doughty, Megan.
Electrical imaging of hyporheic exchange from channel-spanning logjams.
Degree: MS(M.S.), Geology and Geological Engineering, 2019, Colorado School of Mines
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173062
► Human impacts such as timber harvesting, engineered channels, beaver removal, and urbanization can alter the inherent characteristics and features of streams, which affect their natural…
(more)
▼ Human impacts such as timber harvesting, engineered channels, beaver removal, and urbanization can alter the inherent characteristics and features of streams, which affect their natural physical and chemical states. One such feature substantially diminished by anthropogenic changes is the development of blockages from fallen trees and loose wood in streams. These logjams increase hydraulic resistance and create hydraulic head gradients along the streambed that drive groundwater-surface water exchange. This exchange occurs in saturated sediment under and around a stream, called the hyporheic zone, where surface water and groundwater mix. Hyporheic exchange has an important influence on a stream’s ecosystem, because it transfers dissolved oxygen, solutes, and nutrients into the subsurface as well as mediates temperature fluctuations. Here, we focus on quantifying the changes in hyporheic exchange flow (HEF) due to channel-spanning logjams. Field measurements and numerical modeling using MODFLOW and MT3D were used in this study to explore logjam-induced hyporheic exchange. The traditional methods for characterizing HEF, such as in-stream and well monitoring, fail to capture the complex hyporheic processes because they only provide point measurements. Electrical resistivity imaging (ERI), a surface-based geophysical method, was used to monitor the transport of solutes into the hyporheic zone during an in-stream tracer test supplemented by in-stream monitoring. ERI provides spatial and temporal data on the distribution of subsurface bulk electrical resistivity. We ran ERI at two reaches in Little Beaver Creek, CO: one with a single logjam and the second at a control reach with no logjams. Our results show that 1) higher HEF occurred at the reach with a logjam than the one without, and that 2) higher discharge rates associated with spring snowmelt increase the extent and magnitude of HEF, while 3) lower flows may increase the residence time in the hyporheic zone. The numerical modeling in MODFLOW and MT3D supports the finding that logjams increase the extent and rate of HEF. This research has implications for quantifying the controls of natural stream heterogeneity, the transport of sediment, the health of the stream’s ecosystem, and improving stream restoration and conservation efforts.
Advisors/Committee Members: Singha, Kamini (advisor), Wohl, Ellen (committee member), Hogue, Terri S. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: hydrology; logjam; hyporheic; electrical resistivity
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APA (6th Edition):
Doughty, M. (2019). Electrical imaging of hyporheic exchange from channel-spanning logjams. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173062
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Doughty, Megan. “Electrical imaging of hyporheic exchange from channel-spanning logjams.” 2019. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173062.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Doughty, Megan. “Electrical imaging of hyporheic exchange from channel-spanning logjams.” 2019. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Doughty M. Electrical imaging of hyporheic exchange from channel-spanning logjams. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173062.
Council of Science Editors:
Doughty M. Electrical imaging of hyporheic exchange from channel-spanning logjams. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173062
Colorado School of Mines
22.
Swanson, Ryan David.
Geophysical monitoring of solute transport in dual-domain environments through laboratory experiments, field-scale solute tracer tests, and numerical simulation.
Degree: PhD, Geology and Geological Engineering, 2014, Colorado School of Mines
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/10614
► The advection-dispersion equation (ADE) fails to describe non-Fickian solute transport breakthrough curves (BTCs) in saturated porous media in both laboratory and field experiments, necessitating the…
(more)
▼ The advection-dispersion equation (ADE) fails to describe non-Fickian solute transport breakthrough curves (BTCs) in saturated porous media in both laboratory and field experiments, necessitating the use of other models. The dual-domain mass transfer (DDMT) model partitions the total porosity into mobile and less-mobile domains with an exchange of mass between the two domains, and this model can reproduce better fits to BTCs in many systems than ADE-based models. However, direct experimental estimation of DDMT model parameters remains elusive and model parameters are often calculated a posteriori by an optimization procedure. Here, we investigate the use of geophysical tools (direct-current resistivity, nuclear magnetic resonance, and complex conductivity) to estimate these model parameters directly. We use two different samples of the zeolite clinoptilolite, a material shown to demonstrate solute mass transfer due to a significant internal porosity, and provide the first evidence that direct-current electrical methods can track solute movement into and out of a less-mobile pore space in controlled laboratory experiments. We quantify the effects of assuming single-rate DDMT for multirate mass transfer systems. We analyze pore structures using material characterization methods (mercury porosimetry, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray computer tomography), and compare these observations to geophysical measurements. Nuclear magnetic resonance in conjunction with direct-current resistivity measurements can constrain mobile and less-mobile porosities, but complex conductivity may have little value in relation to mass transfer despite the hypothesis that mass transfer and complex conductivity lengths scales are related. Finally, we conduct a geoelectrical monitored tracer test at the Macrodispersion Experiment (MADE) site in Columbus, MS. We relate hydraulic and electrical conductivity measurements to generate a 3D hydraulic conductivity field, and compare to hydraulic conductivity fields estimated through ordinary kriging and sequential Gaussian simulation. Time-lapse electrical measurements are used to verify or dismiss aspects of breakthrough curves for different hydraulic conductivity fields. Our results quantify the potential for geophysical measurements to infer on single-rate DDMT parameters, show site-specific relations between hydraulic and electrical conductivity, and track solute exchange into and out of less-mobile domains.
Advisors/Committee Members: Singha, Kamini (advisor), Revil, André, 1970- (committee member), Benson, David A. (committee member), Wakin, Michael B. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: solute transport; nuclear magnetic resonance; hydrogeophysics; dual-domain mass transfer; direct-current resistivity; Mass transfer; Groundwater tracers; Porosity; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Zeolites – Testing
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APA (6th Edition):
Swanson, R. D. (2014). Geophysical monitoring of solute transport in dual-domain environments through laboratory experiments, field-scale solute tracer tests, and numerical simulation. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/10614
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Swanson, Ryan David. “Geophysical monitoring of solute transport in dual-domain environments through laboratory experiments, field-scale solute tracer tests, and numerical simulation.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11124/10614.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Swanson, Ryan David. “Geophysical monitoring of solute transport in dual-domain environments through laboratory experiments, field-scale solute tracer tests, and numerical simulation.” 2014. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Swanson RD. Geophysical monitoring of solute transport in dual-domain environments through laboratory experiments, field-scale solute tracer tests, and numerical simulation. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/10614.
Council of Science Editors:
Swanson RD. Geophysical monitoring of solute transport in dual-domain environments through laboratory experiments, field-scale solute tracer tests, and numerical simulation. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/10614
Colorado School of Mines
23.
Sweetenham, Michael George.
Assessing the timing and magnitude of precipitation-induced seepage into tunnels bored through fractured rock.
Degree: MS(M.S.), Geology and Geological Engineering, 2013, Colorado School of Mines
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/78742
► Seepage into tunnels bored through fractured rock is a common occurrence that can cause significant problems for the construction process, tunnel longevity, and the regional…
(more)
▼ Seepage into tunnels bored through fractured rock is a common occurrence that can cause significant problems for the construction process, tunnel longevity, and the regional hydrogeology. Predictions of seepage using analytical solutions are often inaccurate due to the inherent assumptions and volumetric averaging of fractures. A conceptual model is first developed for this research by using the factors shown by previous studies to have control on net infiltration and seepage. An integrated hydrologic model, ParFlow is then used to investigate the control exhibited by these factors that include: climatic forcing; vegetation; soil type and depth; bedrock type; fracture spacing; and tunnel depth on the timing and magnitude of seepage into tunnels. A fracture continuum is generated for bedrock using FRACK, which maps discrete fracture networks to a finite difference grid with heterogeneous, anisotropic permeability fields. Simulations are run using hourly meteorological forcing over a two-year period. Surface and subsurface properties are varied individually to investigate the change in seepage response. Results show that fracture spacing, bedrock type, and overburden are particularly important pieces in obtaining reliable seepage estimates. Higher fracture spacing causes higher total seepage at a more constant rate than a lower spacing that exhibits a much larger range of fluctuation in seepage volumes. More permeable and porous bedrock actually increases lag times and seepage amounts that are observed to be relatively constant over time. Thicker and less conductive soils both increase lag times and reduce seepage magnitude.
Advisors/Committee Members: Maxwell, Reed M. (advisor), Santi, Paul M. (Paul Michael), 1964- (advisor), Mooney, Michael A. (committee member), Singha, Kamini (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: tunnels; seepage; precipitation; fractures; Seepage; Tunnels; Hydrologic models; Hydrogeology; Rocks – Fracture; Soil permeability
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APA (6th Edition):
Sweetenham, M. G. (2013). Assessing the timing and magnitude of precipitation-induced seepage into tunnels bored through fractured rock. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/78742
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Sweetenham, Michael George. “Assessing the timing and magnitude of precipitation-induced seepage into tunnels bored through fractured rock.” 2013. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11124/78742.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Sweetenham, Michael George. “Assessing the timing and magnitude of precipitation-induced seepage into tunnels bored through fractured rock.” 2013. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Sweetenham MG. Assessing the timing and magnitude of precipitation-induced seepage into tunnels bored through fractured rock. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/78742.
Council of Science Editors:
Sweetenham MG. Assessing the timing and magnitude of precipitation-induced seepage into tunnels bored through fractured rock. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/78742
Colorado School of Mines
24.
Johnston, Allison.
Integrated geophysical and geochemical approach to characterizing acid mine drainage in a headwater mountain stream in Colorado, USA, An.
Degree: MS(M.S.), Geology and Geological Engineering, 2016, Colorado School of Mines
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170261
► This study integrates geochemical sampling, fluid electrical conductivity (σf) logging, electromagnetic induction (EMI), and electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) to investigate the impact of acid mine…
(more)
▼ This study integrates geochemical sampling, fluid electrical conductivity (σf) logging, electromagnetic induction (EMI), and electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) to investigate the impact of acid mine drainage (AMD) from the Minnesota Mine, an inactive gold and silver mine, on Lion Creek, a headwater mountain stream near Empire,
Colorado. The study goal is to assist in evaluating remediation options by characterizing seasonal variation in AMD contamination levels and identifying the controls of point and diffuse sources of AMD entering Lion Creek. The pH and log (σf) of the water in Lion Creek inversely correlate, indicating that the low pH characteristic of AMD-impacted water correlates to high σf values that can serve as a target for the geophysical methods. ERI surveys were run along the east bank of Lion Creek along a reach where acidic water seeps out of the steep stream bank and into the creek. These ERI surveys identified two areas where diffuse contamination is likely entering the stream: (1) the subsurface extent of two seepage faces visible on the surface and (2) runoff leaching through a tailings pile on the east bank of Lion Creek. σf in the stream was lowest when the stream level was highest in the early summer and then increased throughout the summer as the stream level decreased, indicating that the concentration of dissolved solids in the stream is largely controlled by dilution due to snowmelt. Total dissolved solids (TDS) were calculated using an empirical relationship between σf and TDS, and TDS load (TDS concentration times stream discharge) was calculated. TDS load is greatest in the early summer and displays a large diel signal. This work will be helpful in informing remediation efforts because the identification of diffuse sources of AMD allows for more targeted remediation options and knowledge of seasonal variation is necessary in predicting the costs and outcome of different remediation scenarios.
Advisors/Committee Members: Singha, Kamini (advisor), Navarre-Sitchler, Alexis K. (committee member), Swidinsky, Andrei (committee member), Runkel, Robert L. (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: acid mine drainage; electrical resistivity; site characterization
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APA (6th Edition):
Johnston, A. (2016). Integrated geophysical and geochemical approach to characterizing acid mine drainage in a headwater mountain stream in Colorado, USA, An. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170261
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Johnston, Allison. “Integrated geophysical and geochemical approach to characterizing acid mine drainage in a headwater mountain stream in Colorado, USA, An.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170261.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Johnston, Allison. “Integrated geophysical and geochemical approach to characterizing acid mine drainage in a headwater mountain stream in Colorado, USA, An.” 2016. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Johnston A. Integrated geophysical and geochemical approach to characterizing acid mine drainage in a headwater mountain stream in Colorado, USA, An. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170261.
Council of Science Editors:
Johnston A. Integrated geophysical and geochemical approach to characterizing acid mine drainage in a headwater mountain stream in Colorado, USA, An. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170261
Colorado School of Mines
25.
Rey, David.
Evolving subsurface connectivity in arctic and alpine ecosystems: the impact of permafrost and seasonally frozen ground.
Degree: PhD, Geology and Geological Engineering, 2020, Colorado School of Mines
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/174177
► Arctic and alpine ecosystems are experiencing increases in the ubiquity and severity of landscape level disturbances, and changes in the near-surface energy budget including rising…
(more)
▼ Arctic and alpine ecosystems are experiencing increases in the ubiquity and severity of landscape level disturbances, and changes in the near-surface energy budget including rising air temperatures, ecological shifts, and perturbations in snow depth and timing. These environmental changes are altering the distribution of seasonally and perennially (i.e. permafrost) frozen ground, with impacts on water and nutrient cycling. Presented work includes cross-scale field observations and numerical models that address the hydrologic impacts of spatial and temporal changes in frozen ground distribution. Specifically, observations and numerical models from Arctic and alpine ecosystems were used to: (1) assess near- and long-term changes in lake connectivity in Boreal lowlands; (2) quantify supra-permafrost talik formation in Alaska’s continuous permafrost zone in response to wildfire; and (3) examine the impact of seasonally frozen ground on snowmelt partitioning in a
Colorado alpine headwater stream. Results from this work identify key hydrologic and thermal processes that are driving rapid change observed across Arctic and alpine ecosystems.
Advisors/Committee Members: Singha, Kamini (advisor), Walvoord, Michelle A. (Michelle Ann) (advisor), Bradford, John (committee member), Benson, David A. (committee member), Prasad, Manika (committee member).
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APA (6th Edition):
Rey, D. (2020). Evolving subsurface connectivity in arctic and alpine ecosystems: the impact of permafrost and seasonally frozen ground. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/174177
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Rey, David. “Evolving subsurface connectivity in arctic and alpine ecosystems: the impact of permafrost and seasonally frozen ground.” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11124/174177.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Rey, David. “Evolving subsurface connectivity in arctic and alpine ecosystems: the impact of permafrost and seasonally frozen ground.” 2020. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Rey D. Evolving subsurface connectivity in arctic and alpine ecosystems: the impact of permafrost and seasonally frozen ground. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/174177.
Council of Science Editors:
Rey D. Evolving subsurface connectivity in arctic and alpine ecosystems: the impact of permafrost and seasonally frozen ground. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/174177
Colorado School of Mines
26.
Hansford, Mark R.
Effects of climate on fluvial discharge and key controls of fluvial fans: a quantitative study, The.
Degree: PhD, Geology and Geological Engineering, 2020, Colorado School of Mines
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/174155
► Rivers have long been characterized by their average discharge and assumed to be sediment bypass conduits carrying sediment to its final depositional sinks. This dissertation…
(more)
▼ Rivers have long been characterized by their average discharge and assumed to be sediment bypass conduits carrying sediment to its final depositional sinks. This dissertation combines daily discharge data from river gauging stations with satellite imagery to betterunderstand both river discharge and fluvial fans. We examine at fluvial discharge in the context of different hydroclimates. The importance of the role of discharge variability is increasingly being recognized and this work shines a quantitative light on the climatic controls of river discharge and identifies linkages between discharge and fluvial fan formation scaling relationships.Through these investigations, we 1) develop a new set of dimensionless metrics to quantify discharge variability, 2) identify how river discharge variability falls into four statistically different and predictable groups that are characterized by flood magnitude, hydrograph shape, and inter-annual variability in discharge and are controlled by climate, 3) demonstrate that 75% of modern fluvial fans have fan-forming rivers with high discharge variability, and 4) characterize important geomorphometric scaling relationships in fluvial fans between discharge, channel width, and fan size.These findings have implications for both terrestrial and extraterrestrial landscape evolution, paleoclimate modeling, and flood prediction and mitigation. Furthermore, the quantitative identification of scaling relationships intrinsic to fluvial fans should provide useful for hydrocarbon exploration and production.
Advisors/Committee Members: Plink-Björklund, Piret (advisor), Jobe, Zane R. (committee member), Singha, Kamini (committee member), Kroepsch, Adrianne (committee member).
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APA (6th Edition):
Hansford, M. R. (2020). Effects of climate on fluvial discharge and key controls of fluvial fans: a quantitative study, The. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/174155
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hansford, Mark R. “Effects of climate on fluvial discharge and key controls of fluvial fans: a quantitative study, The.” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11124/174155.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hansford, Mark R. “Effects of climate on fluvial discharge and key controls of fluvial fans: a quantitative study, The.” 2020. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Hansford MR. Effects of climate on fluvial discharge and key controls of fluvial fans: a quantitative study, The. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/174155.
Council of Science Editors:
Hansford MR. Effects of climate on fluvial discharge and key controls of fluvial fans: a quantitative study, The. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/174155
Colorado School of Mines
27.
Trautz, Andrew Christian.
Heat and mass transfer in porous media under the influence of near-surface boundary layer atmospheric flow.
Degree: PhD, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2015, Colorado School of Mines
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/17118
► Bare-soil evaporation is one of the governing processes responsible for controlling heat and water exchanges between the land and lower part of the atmospheric boundary…
(more)
▼ Bare-soil evaporation is one of the governing processes responsible for controlling heat and water exchanges between the land and lower part of the atmospheric boundary layer with direct implications to meteorology and climatology, waste isolation and storage, vadose zone remediation, and water management. Despite its obvious importance to a wide range of scientific and industry disciplines, this process remains poorly understood. This is due in part to evaporation being a complex multiphase phenomenon that must be described and understood in terms of a variety of processes that occur simultaneously at different scales; bare-soil evaporation involves the strong coupling of phase change kinematics, internal transport mechanisms, soil hydraulic and thermal properties, and atmospheric demand (. Many assumptions and simplifications are made during the description and simulation of bare-soil evaporation in order to reduce complexity as well as to address knowledge gaps resulting from a lack of high spatial and temporal datasets capable of testing and refining existing heat and mass transfer theory in coupled systems involving flow in porous media and free-fluid. There are therefore a large number of different aspects of bare-soil evaporation that need to be carefully and rigorously studied. The purpose of this research was to investigate several of the most poorly understood or least characterized areas of this phenomenon using a multifaceted approach that included precision experimentation and detailed numerical modeling. Specific investigations included: (1) testing the applicability of the combined heat-pulse and sensible heat balance method for determining evaporation rates in situ, (2) evaluating non-equilibrium phase change under different boundary and initial conditions, and (3) exploring the effects of heterogeneous porous surfaces on conditions in the shallow subsurface and near-surface boundary layer. Findings from these three studies led to the refinement of heat and mass transfer theory in continuum scale numerical models and the realization that further improvement will require upscaling to a larger experimental scale in order to be able to observe the feedback mechanisms between the land and atmosphere. This prompted an additional two studies that focused on using a climate-controlled closed-circuit wind tunnel interfaced with an intermediate scale (7.3 m) long soil tank to investigate the feedbacks between key atmospheric and soil state variables in addition to the effect of scale on observed evaporative behavior in terms of fetch.
Advisors/Committee Members: Smits, Kathleen M. (advisor), Illangasekare, T. H. (committee member), Singha, Kamini (committee member), Davarzani, Hossein (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: soil disturbance; non-equilibrium phase change; near-surface boundary layer flow; land-atmosphere interaction; heat and mass transfer in porous media; bare-soil evaporation; Evapotranspiration; Porous materials; Mass transfer; Heat – Transmission; Boundary layer (Meteorology); Phase rule and equilibrium
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APA ·
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APA (6th Edition):
Trautz, A. C. (2015). Heat and mass transfer in porous media under the influence of near-surface boundary layer atmospheric flow. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/17118
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Trautz, Andrew Christian. “Heat and mass transfer in porous media under the influence of near-surface boundary layer atmospheric flow.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11124/17118.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Trautz, Andrew Christian. “Heat and mass transfer in porous media under the influence of near-surface boundary layer atmospheric flow.” 2015. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Trautz AC. Heat and mass transfer in porous media under the influence of near-surface boundary layer atmospheric flow. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/17118.
Council of Science Editors:
Trautz AC. Heat and mass transfer in porous media under the influence of near-surface boundary layer atmospheric flow. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/17118
Colorado School of Mines
28.
Voytek, Emily.
Determination of subsurface water movement using self-potential measurements.
Degree: PhD, Geology and Geological Engineering, 2017, Colorado School of Mines
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/171586
► Accurate quantification of water movement, both in magnitude and direction, is a necessary component of evaluating any hydrologic system. Groundwater flow patterns are usually determined…
(more)
▼ Accurate quantification of water movement, both in magnitude and direction, is a necessary component of evaluating any hydrologic system. Groundwater flow patterns are usually determined using a network of piezometers or wells, which can be limited due to logistical or regulatory constraints. In the unsaturated zone, tensiometers can be used to determine unsaturated flow, but require knowledge of site-specific soil moisture curves. In either case, piezometers and tensiometers measure potentials from which flow is inferred rather than directly measuring water movement. An emerging alternative is to measure small currents that are generated as water moves through earth material. These currents generate small voltage differences detectable at the ground surface. Measurement of these voltage differences is the basis of the self-potential (SP) method. Signals can be measured using only two electrodes, or through installation of an array of electrodes. Here we present the results of multiple SP surveys designed to help address open hydrologic questions at multiple temporal (single snapshot, monthly surveys and continuous measurements) scales. In the first project, SP surveys are used to map complex flow patterns contributing to preferential hillslope drainages in an area of continuous permafrost. In the second, a subsurface electrode array is used to measure small changes in vertical and horizontal unsaturated flow rates induced by tree transpiration. Finally, through the example of repeat SP surveys collected in a remote sub-alpine meadow, we demonstrate how additional field data sets and coupled fluid flow and electrical models can constrain interpretations of SP data.
Advisors/Committee Members: Singha, Kamini (advisor), Walvoord, Michelle A. (committee member), Benson, David A. (committee member), Swidinsky, Andrei (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: ecohydrology; hydrogeophysics; soil moisture; hillslope hydrology; alpine hydrology; self-potential
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APA (6th Edition):
Voytek, E. (2017). Determination of subsurface water movement using self-potential measurements. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/171586
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Voytek, Emily. “Determination of subsurface water movement using self-potential measurements.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11124/171586.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Voytek, Emily. “Determination of subsurface water movement using self-potential measurements.” 2017. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Voytek E. Determination of subsurface water movement using self-potential measurements. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/171586.
Council of Science Editors:
Voytek E. Determination of subsurface water movement using self-potential measurements. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/171586
Colorado School of Mines
29.
Condon, Laura E.
Role of large-scale water management in natural systems: connections, interactions and feedbacks, The.
Degree: PhD, Geology and Geological Engineering, 2015, Colorado School of Mines
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/20175
► Hydrologic connections from the groundwater to the lower atmosphere are well established in natural systems, but much less is known about groundwater-surface water interactions in…
(more)
▼ Hydrologic connections from the groundwater to the lower atmosphere are well established in natural systems, but much less is known about groundwater-surface water interactions in watersheds with significant human development. Groundwater can provide an important buffer to surface variability through baseflow and groundwater-supported evapotranspiration. However, it is unclear how widespread groundwater pumping and irrigation have altered these exchanges both spatially and temporally. Understanding the dynamics of developed hydrologic systems, and how they vary from natural systems, is an important step to better predicting and managing for future change. This dissertation addresses this gap using integrated numeral modeling to systematically analyze groundwater-surface water interactions in developed watersheds. Novel statistical tools are developed to evaluate the spatio-temporal impacts of moisture-dependent groundwater pumping and irrigation within fully integrated systems. Results demonstrate groundwater development effects that extend beyond typical water balance considerations. For example, feedbacks between irrigation demand and groundwater pumping are observed when water table depths are within a critical range (roughly 2-10m). Furthermore, groundwater pumping and surface water irrigation are shown to alter the temporal memory of both groundwater storage and land energy fluxes. These results indicate that regional management operations can alter the variability and sensitivity of integrated systems. Regional analysis of groundwater behavior is also extended to the continental scale using the first high-resolution fully integrated groundwater surface water model of the contiguous US. Analysis of a predevelopment simulation establishes baseline behavior and demonstrates the utility of integrated modeling for evaluating systems that are too large to characterize with sparse observation networks. Finally, extensions of the pre-development model to managed systems are outlined in a framework to evaluate the impacts of 20th century groundwater depletions on streamflow behavior across the US.
Advisors/Committee Members: Maxwell, Reed M. (advisor), Singha, Kamini (committee member), Hering, Amanda S. (committee member), Lund, Jay (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: integrated modeling; groundwater; water management
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APA (6th Edition):
Condon, L. E. (2015). Role of large-scale water management in natural systems: connections, interactions and feedbacks, The. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/20175
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Condon, Laura E. “Role of large-scale water management in natural systems: connections, interactions and feedbacks, The.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11124/20175.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Condon, Laura E. “Role of large-scale water management in natural systems: connections, interactions and feedbacks, The.” 2015. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Condon LE. Role of large-scale water management in natural systems: connections, interactions and feedbacks, The. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/20175.
Council of Science Editors:
Condon LE. Role of large-scale water management in natural systems: connections, interactions and feedbacks, The. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/20175
Colorado School of Mines
30.
Agartan Karacaer, Elif.
Fundamental study on the effects of heterogeneity on trapping of dissolved CO2 in deep geological formations through intermediate-scale testing and numerical modeling, A.
Degree: PhD, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2015, Colorado School of Mines
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/17117
► Climate change due to CO2 build up in the atmosphere has been studied for many years. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a technology to…
(more)
▼ Climate change due to CO2 build up in the atmosphere has been studied for many years. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a technology to reduce the atmospheric emissions of CO2 produced from large point sources like power plants. The captured CO2 is deposited into the subsurface formation, such as deep saline aquifers, in the case of geologic sequestration of CO2. The earliest application of CO2 sequestration in subsurface formations was back to the early 1970s in order to increase oil production. Environmental benefits of CO2 storage to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere have been considered since the 1980s and studied in detailed since the 1990s. In deep geologic formations, CO2 is trapped through a number of mechanisms including structural, capillary, dissolution, and mineral trapping to achieve secure and long-term storage which reduces the risk of leakage. The fundamental understanding of these mechanisms should be improved in order to develop strategies on the trapping in the target formation. Heterogeneity of the formation is another factor that plays a key role for the stable trapping at the injection and post-injection periods, and makes it challenging to understand the relative contribution of each mechanism to storage. The main goal of this study is to investigate the role of heterogeneity on the trapping of dissolved CO2 for the secure and long-term storage in the deep saline formations via well-controlled laboratory experiments and numerical modeling. The small and intermediate-scale laboratory experiments were performed using surrogate fluid combinations showing identical density characteristics with dissolved CO2 and brine under ambient pressure and temperature conditions. The more complex packing configurations and field-scale applications were simulated using the numerical model. The results of experimental and numerical modeling studies suggested that the contribution of convective mixing to the stable trapping of dissolved CO2 depends on the geometry, distribution, and hydraulic properties of the geologic features in the formations. In multilayered systems, convective mixing and diffusion controlled trapping contribute to dissolution trapping; however the impact of each mechanisms depends on the permeability and thickness of the low-permeability layers. On the other hand, the intralayer heterogeneity present in low-permeability layers enhances mixing, and the long-term trapping in these layers depends on distribution of the materials. The effective strategies can be developed to enhance trapping by taking the advantage of natural heterogeneity of the formation. These conclusions are relevant when investigating stable trapping of dissolved CO2 in deep saline formations.
Advisors/Committee Members: Illangasekare, T. H. (advisor), Navarre-Sitchler, Alexis K. (committee member), Singha, Kamini (committee member), Tilton, Nils (committee member), Cihan, Abdullah (committee member).
Subjects/Keywords: experiment; dissolution trapping; CO2 sequestration; heterogeneity; Carbon sequestration; Mass transfer; Diffusion; Formations (Geology); Porous materials – Testing; Permeability
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
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APA (6th Edition):
Agartan Karacaer, E. (2015). Fundamental study on the effects of heterogeneity on trapping of dissolved CO2 in deep geological formations through intermediate-scale testing and numerical modeling, A. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/17117
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Agartan Karacaer, Elif. “Fundamental study on the effects of heterogeneity on trapping of dissolved CO2 in deep geological formations through intermediate-scale testing and numerical modeling, A.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 06, 2021.
http://hdl.handle.net/11124/17117.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Agartan Karacaer, Elif. “Fundamental study on the effects of heterogeneity on trapping of dissolved CO2 in deep geological formations through intermediate-scale testing and numerical modeling, A.” 2015. Web. 06 Mar 2021.
Vancouver:
Agartan Karacaer E. Fundamental study on the effects of heterogeneity on trapping of dissolved CO2 in deep geological formations through intermediate-scale testing and numerical modeling, A. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 06].
Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/17117.
Council of Science Editors:
Agartan Karacaer E. Fundamental study on the effects of heterogeneity on trapping of dissolved CO2 in deep geological formations through intermediate-scale testing and numerical modeling, A. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/17117
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