+publisher:"Colorado School of Mines" +contributor:("Navarre-Sitchler, Alexis K.")

Colorado School of Mines

1. Kirsch, Katie. CO2-induced metal release from sandstones: implications for geologic carbon sequestration.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Geology and Geological Engineering, 2013, Colorado School of Mines

► Leakage of CO2 from a deep storage formation into an overlying potable aquifer may mobilize trace metals to concentrations that exceed the Maximum Contaminant Levels… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: groundwater quality; geochemical modeling; carbon sequestration; Geological carbon sequestration; Groundwater – Quality; Sandstone; Aquifers; Geochemistry

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kirsch, K. (2013). CO2-induced metal release from sandstones: implications for geologic carbon sequestration. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/78757

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kirsch, Katie. “CO2-induced metal release from sandstones: implications for geologic carbon sequestration.” 2013. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/78757.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kirsch, Katie. “CO2-induced metal release from sandstones: implications for geologic carbon sequestration.” 2013. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Kirsch K. CO2-induced metal release from sandstones: implications for geologic carbon sequestration. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2013. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/78757.

Council of Science Editors:

Kirsch K. CO2-induced metal release from sandstones: implications for geologic carbon sequestration. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2013. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/78757

Colorado School of Mines

2. Beisman, James. Development of a parallel reactive transport model with spatially variable nitrate reduction in a floodplain aquifer.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Geology and Geological Engineering, 2014, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/478

► Understanding the interactions between physical, geochemical, and biological processes in the shallow subsurface is prerequisite to the development of effective contamination remediation techniques, or the… (more)

▼ Understanding the interactions between physical, geochemical, and biological processes in the shallow subsurface is prerequisite to the development of effective contamination remediation techniques, or the accurate quantification of nutrient fluxes and biogeochemical cycling. Hydrology has a primary control on the behavior of shallow subsurface environments, and must be realistically represented if we hope to accurately model these systems. ParCrunchFlow is a new parallel reactive transport model that was created by coupling a multicomponent geochemical code (CrunchFlow) with a parallel hydrologic model (ParFlow). These models are coupled in an explicit operator-splitting manner. ParCrunchFlow can simulate three-dimensional multicomponent reactive transport in highly-resolved, field-scale systems by taking advantage of ParFlow's efficient parallelism and robust hydrologic abilities, and CrunchFlow's extensive geochemical abilities. Here, the development of ParCrunchFlow is described, and the code is verified. The parallel performance is evaluated, and shows that ParCrunchFlow has the ability to simulate efficiently very large problems. A series of simulations involving the biologically mediated reduction of nitrate in a floodplain aquifer were conducted. These floodplain simulations show that this code enables us to represent more realistically the variability in chemical concentrations observed in many field scale systems. The numerical formulation implemented in ParCrunchFlow minimizes numerical dispersion, and allows the use of higher order explicit advection schemes. The effects that numerical dispersion can have on finely resolved, field scale reactive transport simulations have been evaluated. The smooth gradients that the first-order scheme produces create an artificial mixing effect, which decreases the spatial variance in solute concentrations, and leads to an increase in overall reaction rates. The work presented here is the first step in a larger effort to couple these models in a transient, variably saturated surface-subsurface framework, with additional geochemical abilities. Advisors/Committee Members: Maxwell, Reed M. (advisor), Sitchler%2C%20Alexis%20K.%22%29&pagesize-30">Navarre-Sitchler, Alexis K. (committee member), Steefel, Carl (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Hydrologic models; Geochemical modeling; Mathematical models; Simulation methods; Groundwater; Water chemistry; Biogeochemistry

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APA (6^th Edition):

Beisman, J. (2014). Development of a parallel reactive transport model with spatially variable nitrate reduction in a floodplain aquifer. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/478

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Beisman, James. “Development of a parallel reactive transport model with spatially variable nitrate reduction in a floodplain aquifer.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/478.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Beisman, James. “Development of a parallel reactive transport model with spatially variable nitrate reduction in a floodplain aquifer.” 2014. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Beisman J. Development of a parallel reactive transport model with spatially variable nitrate reduction in a floodplain aquifer. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/478.

Council of Science Editors:

Beisman J. Development of a parallel reactive transport model with spatially variable nitrate reduction in a floodplain aquifer. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/478

Colorado School of Mines

3. Hayes, Amelia. Multi-scale characterization of porosity in naturally mineralized fractures.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Geology and Geological Engineering, 2017, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/171003

► Naturally occurring fracture systems contain a separate porosity and permeability that can impact the way fluid flow through a rock by either providing flow obstruction… (more)

▼ Naturally occurring fracture systems contain a separate porosity and permeability that can impact the way fluid flow through a rock by either providing flow obstruction or avenues of preferential flow. Current techniques for quantifying fracture porosity and permeability are limited to length scales of 10’s to 100’s of microns up to millimeter resolution, yet we know that pore networks in rock are fractal systems with porosity in the micron to manometer length scales. Because nano-scale pores play an important role in tight rock matrices, it is possible that pores at these length scales in natural fractures could contribute to flow either within the fracture itself or between the fracture and matrix. Here we use a combination of electron microscope techniques, cathodoluminescence imaging and small-angle neutron scattering to test the hypothesis that natural fractures that appear sealed at macroscale have connected micro- and nano-porosity. Fracture material from sub-vertical and horizontal mineralized fractures was analyzed. Estimates of micro-porosity in the analyzed vertical fractures by SEM image analysis range between 2.0 and 9.8%, but a lack of continuous grain boundary porosity suggests that the analyzed vertical fractures are not potential pathways for fluid flow. Estimated micro-porosity in horizontal fractures by SEM image analysis ranges between 0.9% and 8.3 % of fracture area and does contain connected grain boundary porosity. SANS-porosity in the horizontal fractures ranges between 0.2% – 1.7%. Preliminary FIB-SEM and TEM imaging shows that the geometry of nano-porosity is influenced by the crystal habit of the calcite fracture material. This thesis provides the first quantitative look at nano-porosity in macroscopically filled fractures and gives evidence that these pores are potentially connected and could contribute to fluid flow. Additional studies with this same approach can help build a knowledge base of nano- and micro-porosity presence in natural fractures and help elucidate their contribution to formation permeability. Advisors/Committee Members: Sitchler%2C%20Alexis%20K.%22%29&pagesize-30">Navarre-Sitchler, Alexis K. (advisor), Benson, David A. (committee member), Gorman, Brian P. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: electron microscopy; fracture porosity; small-angle neutron scattering; fluid flow; cathodoluminescence; mineralized fracture

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hayes, A. (2017). Multi-scale characterization of porosity in naturally mineralized fractures. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/171003

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hayes, Amelia. “Multi-scale characterization of porosity in naturally mineralized fractures.” 2017. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/171003.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hayes, Amelia. “Multi-scale characterization of porosity in naturally mineralized fractures.” 2017. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Hayes A. Multi-scale characterization of porosity in naturally mineralized fractures. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2017. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/171003.

Council of Science Editors:

Hayes A. Multi-scale characterization of porosity in naturally mineralized fractures. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/171003

Colorado School of Mines

4. Swift Bird, Kenneth. Hydrogeological controls of uranium and arsenic mobility in groundwater of the Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Geology and Geological Engineering, 2018, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172549

► This study integrates geochemical modeling, spatial analysis and several statistical methods including principal component analysis, multivariate regression and cluster analysis to investigate hydrogeologic controls of… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: groundwater evolution; Pine Ridge Reservation; arsenic; uranium; hydrogeochemistry

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APA (6^th Edition):

Swift Bird, K. (2018). Hydrogeological controls of uranium and arsenic mobility in groundwater of the Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172549

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Swift Bird, Kenneth. “Hydrogeological controls of uranium and arsenic mobility in groundwater of the Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172549.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Swift Bird, Kenneth. “Hydrogeological controls of uranium and arsenic mobility in groundwater of the Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota.” 2018. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Swift Bird K. Hydrogeological controls of uranium and arsenic mobility in groundwater of the Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172549.

Council of Science Editors:

Swift Bird K. Hydrogeological controls of uranium and arsenic mobility in groundwater of the Pine Ridge Reservation, South Dakota. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172549

Colorado School of Mines

5. Malenda, Helen Fitzgerald. From grain to floodplain: evaluating heterogeneity of floodplain hydrostratigraphy using sedimentology, geophysics, and remote sensing.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Geology and Geological Engineering, 2018, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172150

► Floodplain stratigraphy, a major structural element of alluvial aquifers, is a fundamental component of floodplain heterogeneity, hydraulic conductivity, and connectivity. Watershed-scale hydrological models often simplify… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: hydrofacies mapping; fluvial sedimentology; remote sensing

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APA (6^th Edition):

Malenda, H. F. (2018). From grain to floodplain: evaluating heterogeneity of floodplain hydrostratigraphy using sedimentology, geophysics, and remote sensing. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172150

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Malenda, Helen Fitzgerald. “From grain to floodplain: evaluating heterogeneity of floodplain hydrostratigraphy using sedimentology, geophysics, and remote sensing.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172150.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Malenda, Helen Fitzgerald. “From grain to floodplain: evaluating heterogeneity of floodplain hydrostratigraphy using sedimentology, geophysics, and remote sensing.” 2018. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Malenda HF. From grain to floodplain: evaluating heterogeneity of floodplain hydrostratigraphy using sedimentology, geophysics, and remote sensing. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172150.

Council of Science Editors:

Malenda HF. From grain to floodplain: evaluating heterogeneity of floodplain hydrostratigraphy using sedimentology, geophysics, and remote sensing. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172150

Colorado School of Mines

6. Rickel, Ariel. Analysis of the influence of ferricrete on hyporheic exchange flows.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Geology and Geological Engineering, 2020, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/175331

► The area of confluence between surface water and groundwater, known as the hyporheic zone, is a natural biogeochemical filter that is dependent on channel morphology… (more)

▼ The area of confluence between surface water and groundwater, known as the hyporheic zone, is a natural biogeochemical filter that is dependent on channel morphology and hydraulic conductivity, pressure-driven downwelling and upwelling currents, and stream discharge. In Cement Creek near Silverton, Colorado, deposition of amorphous iron minerals reduces the permeability of the streambed and limits flow through the hyporheic zone. This limited exchange may lower the potential for pollutant attenuation from the metals-loaded waters of Cement Creek within the hyporheic zone. This study found that hyporheic exchange in this system is limited in spatial extent and reduces during low flow when compared to what we would expect from streams without ferricrete. To quantify flow through the hyporheic zone, we used time-lapse electrical resistivity of the streambed and banks of Cement Creek taken over the course of a day in conjunction with a four-hour salt injection tracer test. The solute was constrained within the streambed, with little flow through the banks, and had longer residence times in the hyporheic zone during high flow than at low flow. Slug test data suggested the presence of a zone of lower permeability at 44-cm depth that was likely made of precipitated ferricrete that cemented cobbles together. The comparison of apparent bulk conductivity from the geophysics to in-stream fluid conductivity allowed for the calculation of mass transfer parameters between the stream and hyporheic zone based on the difference in solute retardation patterns in the two breakthrough curves. During high flow, in-stream breakthrough curves displayed slower breakthrough and greater smoothing which is consistent with the geophysical inversion results that indicate higher residence times at high flow. Analyses of low flow data indicated decreased residence time within the subsurface and comparatively faster breakthrough. The hyporheic storage area within Cement Creek, estimated from the modeled capacity coefficient, decreased by two orders of magnitude between high (0.5 m2 as modeled from hysteresis curve and in STAMMT-L) and low flow (0.006 m2 from STAMMT-L model), along with a corresponding decrease in residence times (300 s versus 10 s, respectively). Advisors/Committee Members: Singha, Kamini (advisor), Sitchler%2C%20Alexis%20K.%22%29&pagesize-30">Navarre-Sitchler, Alexis K. (committee member), Mangel, Adam (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: hydrogeophysics; mass-transfer; ferricrete; tracer; hyporheic

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APA (6^th Edition):

Rickel, A. (2020). Analysis of the influence of ferricrete on hyporheic exchange flows. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/175331

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Rickel, Ariel. “Analysis of the influence of ferricrete on hyporheic exchange flows.” 2020. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/175331.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Rickel, Ariel. “Analysis of the influence of ferricrete on hyporheic exchange flows.” 2020. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Rickel A. Analysis of the influence of ferricrete on hyporheic exchange flows. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/175331.

Council of Science Editors:

Rickel A. Analysis of the influence of ferricrete on hyporheic exchange flows. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/175331

Colorado School of Mines

7. Sams, Bonnie C. Contact metamorphism of the Mancos shale: impacts on solute release and weatherability in the East River Valley, Gothic, CO.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Geology and Geological Engineering, 2018, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172538

► Alteration of rocks by contact metamorphism directly impacts rock pore structure and mineralogy, potentially decreasing weathering susceptibility and altering water residence times and release rates… (more)

▼ Alteration of rocks by contact metamorphism directly impacts rock pore structure and mineralogy, potentially decreasing weathering susceptibility and altering water residence times and release rates of aqueous solutes. Mountainous catchments, which can often be metamorphosed, are important for water and solute supply. Changes in the underlying lithology of a catchment can therefore directly impact water quality and solute release rates, imparting watershed scale changes in flow regimes and rate of flow within hydrologic systems. Here we aim to quantify differences in solute release rates from Mancos shale samples as a function of degree of metamorphism. Variable contact metamorphism of Mancos shale bedrock in the East River provides a natural test bed to investigate the role of underlying geology on weathering susceptibility, solute release rates and changing river chemistry in metamorphosed and unmetamorphosed sections of the Mancos shale. To analyze the relationship between rate of solute release and degree of metamorphism, three trials of column scale experiments were conducted for unmetamorphosed and metamorphosed Mancos shale samples collected in the East River, Colorado. Steady state calcium release rates from metamorphosed samples were found to be an order of magnitude higher than the release of calcium from unmetamorphosed samples. These solute release rates will help constrain watershed scale weathering and solute sources in the East River to better understand the relationship between rates of rock weathering and catchment solute release. Different solute release rates calculated from metamorphosed and unmetamorphosed samples at the column scale can be used to further constrain the spatial variation of weatherablity in metamorphosed and unmetamorphosed shale. Changes in release rates from unmetamorphosed and metamorphosed samples could be linked to differences present in sample mineralogy. Advisors/Committee Members: Sitchler%2C%20Alexis%20K.%22%29&pagesize-30">Navarre-Sitchler, Alexis K. (advisor), Singha, Kamini (committee member), Ranville, James F. (committee member).

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APA (6^th Edition):

Sams, B. C. (2018). Contact metamorphism of the Mancos shale: impacts on solute release and weatherability in the East River Valley, Gothic, CO. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172538

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sams, Bonnie C. “Contact metamorphism of the Mancos shale: impacts on solute release and weatherability in the East River Valley, Gothic, CO.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172538.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sams, Bonnie C. “Contact metamorphism of the Mancos shale: impacts on solute release and weatherability in the East River Valley, Gothic, CO.” 2018. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Sams BC. Contact metamorphism of the Mancos shale: impacts on solute release and weatherability in the East River Valley, Gothic, CO. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172538.

Council of Science Editors:

Sams BC. Contact metamorphism of the Mancos shale: impacts on solute release and weatherability in the East River Valley, Gothic, CO. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172538

Colorado School of Mines

8. Smith, Colgan B. Determining the source of spatially variable water chemistry in perennial tributaries in the Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA: influences from water-rock interaction and marine evaporite dissolution.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Geology and Geological Engineering, 2014, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/507

► Anthropogenic climate change poses an imminent threat to limited freshwater resources in the southwest United States as surface temperatures are expected to rise and precipitation… (more)

▼ Anthropogenic climate change poses an imminent threat to limited freshwater resources in the southwest United States as surface temperatures are expected to rise and precipitation events become less predictable. This in turn will increase the reliance on local freshwater resources, and, if managed carelessly, may threaten sensitive aquatic and riparian ecosystems where groundwaters emanate at springs that supply perennial tributaries. Understanding the influences on perennial tributary water chemistry is critical to appropriate management of freshwater resources and riparian ecosystems that sustain native species. Geochemical signatures from water-rock interaction provide a means to determine primary influences on variability of water chemistry in groundwater and surface waters. To characterize the water chemistry variability in perennial tributaries of the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon region, hydrochemical data, geochemical models, and S isotopes provide substantial evidence for water-rock interactions being the primary influence on water chemistry. A hierarchical cluster analysis grouped perennial tributaries based on major ion chemistry, yet other characteristics not included as variables, such as TDS, geospatial extent, and sulfur isotopes (del34S) generally follow trends defined by the clustering. Piper plots coupled with geochemical models supports the hypothesis of water rock interactions controlling water chemistry variability. The twenty sampled waters range in composition from Ca/Mg-HCO3, to Ca-SO4, to Na-Cl type waters suggesting varying degrees of influence from carbonate (dolomite and limestone) and marine evaporite (gypsum and halite) dissolution on water chemistry. Geochemical models were created to characterize evolution of groundwater through carbonate aquifers with or without evaporites present, which matches observed chemical composition variability. Sulfur isotopes also support a model of variability in water chemistry induced by water-rock interaction without the need for an additional source of sulfur from mantle derived fluids (H2S(gas)) as has been hypothesized in previous studies in this region. Results from sulfur isotopes determined 7 of the twenty perennial tributaries analyzed for del34S have dissolved sulfate derived from overlying marine evaporite rocks of Permian age. These tributaries generally represent high TDS waters (550 to 1,600 mg/L and one tributary with 200 mg/L) indicating water-rock interaction with marine evaporites is the primary influence on TDS. Three tributaries are only influenced by the dissolution of carbonates, while two tributaries are influenced by likely sulfide mineral oxidation, though influence of H2S deep magmatic/mantle gases that also source CO2 to the waters has been proposed in previous studies and cannot be ruled out without additional chemical and isotopic analysis of gases in spring waters. Two groups from the cluster analysis represent seven tributaries that fall between del34S +6 to +8 per mille and are relatively low TDS waters (200 to 500… Advisors/Committee Members: Sitchler%2C%20Alexis%20K.%22%29&pagesize-30">Navarre-Sitchler, Alexis K. (advisor), Wendlandt, Richard F. (committee member), Wanty, Richard B. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: water chemistry; Grand Canyon; water-rock interaction; sulfur isotopes; perennial tributaries; mass balance; Water chemistry – Arizona; Fresh water – Arizona; Water-rock interaction – Arizona; Sulfur – Isotopes – Arizona; Geochemistry – Arizona; Grand Canyon (Ariz.)

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APA (6^th Edition):

Smith, C. B. (2014). Determining the source of spatially variable water chemistry in perennial tributaries in the Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA: influences from water-rock interaction and marine evaporite dissolution. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/507

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Smith, Colgan B. “Determining the source of spatially variable water chemistry in perennial tributaries in the Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA: influences from water-rock interaction and marine evaporite dissolution.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/507.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Smith, Colgan B. “Determining the source of spatially variable water chemistry in perennial tributaries in the Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA: influences from water-rock interaction and marine evaporite dissolution.” 2014. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Smith CB. Determining the source of spatially variable water chemistry in perennial tributaries in the Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA: influences from water-rock interaction and marine evaporite dissolution. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/507.

Council of Science Editors:

Smith CB. Determining the source of spatially variable water chemistry in perennial tributaries in the Grand Canyon, Arizona, USA: influences from water-rock interaction and marine evaporite dissolution. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/507

Colorado School of Mines

9. McGuinness, James. Experimentally determined solute release rates from variably metamorphosed shale: implications for weathering in the East River watershed, CO.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Geology and Geological Engineering, 2019, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173277

► This study investigates the variability in solute release rates from samples of shale and slate with variable lithology resulting from contact metamorphism. Mineral dissolution column… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: geochemistry; water-rock interactions; shale; column experiments

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APA (6^th Edition):

McGuinness, J. (2019). Experimentally determined solute release rates from variably metamorphosed shale: implications for weathering in the East River watershed, CO. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173277

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

McGuinness, James. “Experimentally determined solute release rates from variably metamorphosed shale: implications for weathering in the East River watershed, CO.” 2019. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173277.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

McGuinness, James. “Experimentally determined solute release rates from variably metamorphosed shale: implications for weathering in the East River watershed, CO.” 2019. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

McGuinness J. Experimentally determined solute release rates from variably metamorphosed shale: implications for weathering in the East River watershed, CO. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173277.

Council of Science Editors:

McGuinness J. Experimentally determined solute release rates from variably metamorphosed shale: implications for weathering in the East River watershed, CO. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173277

Colorado School of Mines

10. Foster, Allan W. Exploration of solute transport mobility in 1-D and 3-D physical models, An.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Geology and Geological Engineering, 2019, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173251

► The advection-dispersion equation (ADE) often fails to predict solute transport in part due to the presence of less well connected, less-mobile pore space. Here, we… (more)

▼ The advection-dispersion equation (ADE) often fails to predict solute transport in part due to the presence of less well connected, less-mobile pore space. Here, we explore the role of porosity or flowpaths of differing mobility and their physical effects on tracer transport in a series of controlled 1-D column- and 3-D tank-scale experiments. Experiments at both scales included co-located (spatially and temporally) fluid electrical conductivity (σ_f) and bulk apparent electrical conductivity (σ_b) to help parse the relationship between mobile and less-mobile domains. Systems with domains of differing mobility showed elongated tailing in observed σ_f breakthrough curves and a lag between σ_f and σ_b, phenomena not easily described by the ADE. Numerical models—STAMMT-L for the 1-D column experiments coupled with analytical graphical methods, and SEAWAT and R3t for the 3-D tank-scale experiments—were used to estimate physical parameters controlling transport. At the 1-D column-scale, three different grain packings were studied in 24.4-cm length columns, including 1) homogeneously packed20/#30 Accusand, which contains intergranular but no intragranular pore space; 2) St. Cloud zeolite clinoptilolite, and 3) crushed amorphous silica glass, both of which contain intergranular and intragranular pore space. Experiments included stepped NaCl tracer injections at Peclet numbers ranging from 3 to 1000 to investigate flow-rate controls on physical solute transport parameters. The zeolite and amorphous silica glass results both indicated the presence of a less-mobile domain and mass transfer rates between more- and less-mobile porosity influenced by tracer injection duration and flow rate, confirmed by numerical models in STAMMT-L, whereas data from the homogeneous Accusand indicated little less-mobile pore space, as expected. At the 3-D tank-scale, a synthetic-heterogeneous aquifer was developed with four impermeable barriers installed in otherwise homogeneously packed #70 Unimin sand within a 429 cm x 244 cm x 36 cm tank. A 72-hr NaCl-pulse tracer injection at a Peclet number of 15 was performed. Results indicate solute trapping behind the impermeable barriers, creating advective flowpaths of different lengths. The orientation of the impermeable barriers with respect to bulk flow direction controls the formation of these pathways. The observation of less-mobile flowpaths from the co-located σ_b versus σ_f measurements at 12 different locations indicated that a stagnation zone forms directly downgradient of the largest barrier (perpendicular to primary flow direction), which was imaged in 3D electrical resistivity inversions. Our co-located σ_b versus σ_f data also indicate density-dependent flow that is primarily occurring within the highly permeable well conduits, and difference inversions indicate the plume increasing in thickness with depth, characteristic of density-dependent flow. Observed data and numerical simulations both indicated an influence of density-driven solute transport in the locations directly up- and… Advisors/Committee Members: Singha, Kamini (advisor), Illangasekare, T. H. (committee member), Sitchler%2C%20Alexis%20K.%22%29&pagesize-30">Navarre-Sitchler, Alexis K. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: geophysical electrical resistivity; less-mobile domains; solute transport; geophysical inversion; dual-domain mass transfer; porous media

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APA (6^th Edition):

Foster, A. W. (2019). Exploration of solute transport mobility in 1-D and 3-D physical models, An. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173251

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Foster, Allan W. “Exploration of solute transport mobility in 1-D and 3-D physical models, An.” 2019. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173251.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Foster, Allan W. “Exploration of solute transport mobility in 1-D and 3-D physical models, An.” 2019. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Foster AW. Exploration of solute transport mobility in 1-D and 3-D physical models, An. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173251.

Council of Science Editors:

Foster AW. Exploration of solute transport mobility in 1-D and 3-D physical models, An. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173251

Colorado School of Mines

11. Livo, Kurt. Mineralogical controls on NMR rock surface relaxivity: a case study of the Fontainebleau sandstone.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Petroleum Engineering, 2016, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170079

► Pore size distribution is derived from nuclear magnetic resonance, but is scaled by surface relaxivity. While nuclear magnetic resonance studies generally focus on the difficulty… (more)

▼ Pore size distribution is derived from nuclear magnetic resonance, but is scaled by surface relaxivity. While nuclear magnetic resonance studies generally focus on the difficulty of determining pore size distribution in unconventional shale reservoirs, there is a lack of discussion concerning pure quartz sandstones. Long surface relaxivity causes complications analyzing nuclear magnetic resonance data for pore size distribution determination. Currently, I am unaware of research that addresses the complicated pore size distribution determination in long relaxing, pure sandstone formations, which is essential to accurate downhole petrophysical modeling. The Fontainebleau sandstone is well known for its homogenous mineralogical makeup and wide range of porosity and permeability. The Hibernia sandstone exhibits a similar mineralogy and is characterized by a similar and porosity-permeability range to the Fontainebleau sandstones, but with a significantly higher portion of clay minerals (1-6%). I present systematic petrophysical properties such as porosity, pore size distribution from nuclear magnetic resonance transverse relaxation times, permeability, and volumetric magnetic susceptibility to aide in characterization of the Fontainebleau sandstone. Analysis of collected nuclear magnetic resonance data is then compared to other petrophysical studies from literature such as helium porosity and permeability, magnetic susceptibility, and electrical conductivity. I find that the lack of impurities on the grain surfaces of pure quartz samples imparts a lower surface relaxivity as compared to clay containing sandstones and makes nuclear magnetic resonance analysis more complex. Thus, inverted nuclear magnetic resonance data from cleaner outcrop samples incorrectly models pore size distribution without accounting for wider surface relaxivity variation and is improperly used when characterizing the Fontainebleau sandstone. This is further supported by evidence from less-clean Hibernia cores where these inversion problems are not seen. Advisors/Committee Members: Prasad, Manika (advisor), Sitchler%2C%20Alexis%20K.%22%29&pagesize-30">Navarre-Sitchler, Alexis K. (committee member), Ozkan, E. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Fontainebleau; Hibernia; NMR

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APA (6^th Edition):

Livo, K. (2016). Mineralogical controls on NMR rock surface relaxivity: a case study of the Fontainebleau sandstone. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170079

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Livo, Kurt. “Mineralogical controls on NMR rock surface relaxivity: a case study of the Fontainebleau sandstone.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170079.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Livo, Kurt. “Mineralogical controls on NMR rock surface relaxivity: a case study of the Fontainebleau sandstone.” 2016. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Livo K. Mineralogical controls on NMR rock surface relaxivity: a case study of the Fontainebleau sandstone. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170079.

Council of Science Editors:

Livo K. Mineralogical controls on NMR rock surface relaxivity: a case study of the Fontainebleau sandstone. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170079

Colorado School of Mines

12. Pryhoda, Moira Kate. Chemical characterization and water quality implications of pine needle leachates from a mountain pine beetle infested watershed.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Geology and Geological Engineering, 2014, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/474

► This study uses batch experiments to determine the evolution of pine needle leachate chemistry in a mountain pine beetle (MPB) infested watershed to better understand… (more)

▼ This study uses batch experiments to determine the evolution of pine needle leachate chemistry in a mountain pine beetle (MPB) infested watershed to better understand the impact of mountain pine beetles (MPBs) on soil porewater and groundwater geochemistry. Green, red and gray pine needles are stripped directly from lodgepole pine tree branches and undergo four subsequent leaching increments. Needle leachates are analyzed for total organic carbon, metals, UV absorbance, fluorescence, and organic acids. These data show that precipitation pulse has more influence on concentration than needle water contact time. With increased precipitation pulse, concentrations, UV absorbance and fluorescence decrease. The chemistry of gray leachates is the most variable, likely due to a larger variability in the age of the needles compared to red and green needles. Metals release in appreciable amounts only in the first increment and TOC may have a relatively long lasting impact on soil porewater concentrations. pH tends to decrease slightly with infestation stage. In general, red and gray leachates have higher concentrations of organic acids than green leachates in an 8 hour experiment. Delayed citric and succinic acid release, and resulting high red leachate organic acid release over a 16 hour experiment, may be attributed to a time component in water needle contact time, rather than water pulse. UV absorbance and fluorescence data observe that green leachates have the highest overall aromaticity, and a tryptophan-like component or epicuticular waxes may also be present in the green leachate. Red and grey leachates have high concentrations of humic-like and fulvic-like (high molecular weight) organic acids. If these leachates are representative of the pine needle contribution to soil porewater composition from a MPB infested watershed, then pine tree death from MPB will lead to changes in soil pore waters, including increased potential of metal mobility related to increased dissolved organic carbon flux. Advisors/Committee Members: Sitchler%2C%20Alexis%20K.%22%29&pagesize-30">Navarre-Sitchler, Alexis K. (advisor), Sharp, Jonathan O. (committee member), Maxwell, Reed M. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: Mountain pine beetle; Pine needles; Leachate – Measurement; Decomposition (Chemistry); Water quality; Mountain watersheds

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APA (6^th Edition):

Pryhoda, M. K. (2014). Chemical characterization and water quality implications of pine needle leachates from a mountain pine beetle infested watershed. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/474

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Pryhoda, Moira Kate. “Chemical characterization and water quality implications of pine needle leachates from a mountain pine beetle infested watershed.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/474.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Pryhoda, Moira Kate. “Chemical characterization and water quality implications of pine needle leachates from a mountain pine beetle infested watershed.” 2014. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Pryhoda MK. Chemical characterization and water quality implications of pine needle leachates from a mountain pine beetle infested watershed. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/474.

Council of Science Editors:

Pryhoda MK. Chemical characterization and water quality implications of pine needle leachates from a mountain pine beetle infested watershed. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/474

Colorado School of Mines

13. Bethune, James C. Non-invasive flow path characterization in a mining-impacted wetland.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Geology and Geological Engineering, 2014, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/10624

► Time-lapse electrical resistivity (ER) is used in this study to capture the annual pulse of acid mine drainage (AMD) contamination, the so-called 'first-flush' driven by… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: acid mine drainage; Peru Creek; flow path; electrical resistivity; Acid mine drainage – Environmental aspects – Colorado; Wetlands – Colorado; Water quality – Colorado; Water – Pollution – Measurement; Peru Creek (Colo.)

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APA (6^th Edition):

Bethune, J. C. (2014). Non-invasive flow path characterization in a mining-impacted wetland. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/10624

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bethune, James C. “Non-invasive flow path characterization in a mining-impacted wetland.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/10624.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bethune, James C. “Non-invasive flow path characterization in a mining-impacted wetland.” 2014. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Bethune JC. Non-invasive flow path characterization in a mining-impacted wetland. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/10624.

Council of Science Editors:

Bethune JC. Non-invasive flow path characterization in a mining-impacted wetland. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/10624

Colorado School of Mines

14. Prugue, Rodrigo. Identification of reducing conditions and correlated hydrological and biogeochemical properties in a heterogeneous floodplain aquifer.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Geology and Geological Engineering, 2014, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/506

► Previous work has shown that subsurface heterogeneity plays a major role in the fate and transport of nutrients. Although many studies indicate the significance of… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: heterogeneous floodplains; biogeochemistry; statistical analysis; hydrology; Floodplains; Groundwater; Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry); Nutrient cycles; Cluster analysis

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APA (6^th Edition):

Prugue, R. (2014). Identification of reducing conditions and correlated hydrological and biogeochemical properties in a heterogeneous floodplain aquifer. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/506

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Prugue, Rodrigo. “Identification of reducing conditions and correlated hydrological and biogeochemical properties in a heterogeneous floodplain aquifer.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/506.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Prugue, Rodrigo. “Identification of reducing conditions and correlated hydrological and biogeochemical properties in a heterogeneous floodplain aquifer.” 2014. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Prugue R. Identification of reducing conditions and correlated hydrological and biogeochemical properties in a heterogeneous floodplain aquifer. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/506.

Council of Science Editors:

Prugue R. Identification of reducing conditions and correlated hydrological and biogeochemical properties in a heterogeneous floodplain aquifer. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/506

15. Wilson, Sydney S. Groundwater-surface water exchange within montane and alpine regions of the Front Range and Rocky Mountains, Colorado.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Geology and Geological Engineering, 2015, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/20170

► Climate-change modeling scenarios have projected that drought will be more likely to occur in dry regions of the world, surface-water and groundwater availability is likely… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: baseflow; Gordon Gulch; time-lapse electrical resistivity imaging; end-member mixing; Andrews Creek; stream tracer test

…and Engineering Program at Colorado School of Mines, my advisor, Dr. Kamini Singha, and my…

11 more images…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wilson, S. S. (2015). Groundwater-surface water exchange within montane and alpine regions of the Front Range and Rocky Mountains, Colorado. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/20170

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wilson, Sydney S. “Groundwater-surface water exchange within montane and alpine regions of the Front Range and Rocky Mountains, Colorado.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/20170.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wilson, Sydney S. “Groundwater-surface water exchange within montane and alpine regions of the Front Range and Rocky Mountains, Colorado.” 2015. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Wilson SS. Groundwater-surface water exchange within montane and alpine regions of the Front Range and Rocky Mountains, Colorado. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/20170.

Council of Science Editors:

Wilson SS. Groundwater-surface water exchange within montane and alpine regions of the Front Range and Rocky Mountains, Colorado. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/20170

Colorado School of Mines

16. Traudt, Elizabeth Marie. Toxicity of binary mixtures of nickel, copper, cadmium and zinc to Daphnia magna.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Chemistry and Geochemistry, 2014, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/501

► Major anthropogenic sources of metals into natural water systems include mining, industry, municipalities, and agriculture. Although potentially toxic metals usually occur in mixtures instead of… (more)

▼ Major anthropogenic sources of metals into natural water systems include mining, industry, municipalities, and agriculture. Although potentially toxic metals usually occur in mixtures instead of alone in water, the toxicity of metal mixtures currently is difficult to predict accurately. As part of a project to provide mixture-toxicity data for development of multi-metal toxicity models, the toxicity of binary Cu-Ni, Cd-Ni, and Ni-Zn mixtures was tested. To analyze the interactions of these metals, Daphnia magna neonates were exposed to the metals individually and in binary combinations in standard 48-h toxicity tests conducted in USEPA moderately hard reconstituted water to which 6 mg/L of Suwannee River fulvic acid was added (resulting in dissolved organic carbon concentrations of approximately 3 mg/L). For each combination of metals in the binary mixtures, one metal was held constant at a specified concentration while the second metal was varied through a series that ranged from nonlethal to lethal concentrations; then the roles of the two metals were reversed in a separate series of tests. The Ni-Zn binary combinations tested provided evidence of response-additive toxicity that is easily predicted from known single-metal toxicities. On the other hand, sub-lethal concentrations of Ni protected against the toxicity of Cd, with mortality only occurring at considerably higher Cd concentrations than in paired Cd-only tests (i.e., less-than-additive toxicity). In contrast, based on dissolved-metal concentrations, a synergistic (i.e., greater-than-additive) toxicity occurred in binary Cu-Ni mixtures; with mortality occurring at concentrations of each of the two metals that were lower than in the paired single-metal tests. These findings provide evidence for the dominance of competition between metals for complexation to biological ligands or to dissolved organic matter, depending on the metal combination in question. Advisors/Committee Members: Ranville, James F. (advisor), Meyer, Joseph S. (committee member), Voelker, Bettina M. (committee member), Sitchler%2C%20Alexis%20K.%22%29&pagesize-30">Navarre-Sitchler, Alexis K. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: metal-mixtures; Daphnia magna; acute toxicity; competition; biotic ligand model; Metals – Toxicity testing; Metals – Toxicology; Daphnia magna; Acute toxicity testing; Water – Pollution

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APA (6^th Edition):

Traudt, E. M. (2014). Toxicity of binary mixtures of nickel, copper, cadmium and zinc to Daphnia magna. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/501

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Traudt, Elizabeth Marie. “Toxicity of binary mixtures of nickel, copper, cadmium and zinc to Daphnia magna.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/501.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Traudt, Elizabeth Marie. “Toxicity of binary mixtures of nickel, copper, cadmium and zinc to Daphnia magna.” 2014. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Traudt EM. Toxicity of binary mixtures of nickel, copper, cadmium and zinc to Daphnia magna. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2014. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/501.

Council of Science Editors:

Traudt EM. Toxicity of binary mixtures of nickel, copper, cadmium and zinc to Daphnia magna. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/501

Colorado School of Mines

17. Ebeling, Katherine Ann. Toxicity of cadmium, copper, and zinc and their binary mixtures to Daphnia magna in laboratory and field-collected waters.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Chemistry and Geochemistry, 2016, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170029

► Many surface waters are impacted by elevated concentrations of multiple metals resulting from acid mine drainage and industrial inputs. Because these elevated concentrations of metal… (more)

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APA (6^th Edition):

Ebeling, K. A. (2016). Toxicity of cadmium, copper, and zinc and their binary mixtures to Daphnia magna in laboratory and field-collected waters. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170029

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Ebeling, Katherine Ann. “Toxicity of cadmium, copper, and zinc and their binary mixtures to Daphnia magna in laboratory and field-collected waters.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170029.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Ebeling, Katherine Ann. “Toxicity of cadmium, copper, and zinc and their binary mixtures to Daphnia magna in laboratory and field-collected waters.” 2016. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Ebeling KA. Toxicity of cadmium, copper, and zinc and their binary mixtures to Daphnia magna in laboratory and field-collected waters. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170029.

Council of Science Editors:

Ebeling KA. Toxicity of cadmium, copper, and zinc and their binary mixtures to Daphnia magna in laboratory and field-collected waters. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170029

Colorado School of Mines

18. Johnston, Allison. Integrated geophysical and geochemical approach to characterizing acid mine drainage in a headwater mountain stream in Colorado, USA, An.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Geology and Geological Engineering, 2016, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170261

► This study integrates geochemical sampling, fluid electrical conductivity (σf) logging, electromagnetic induction (EMI), and electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) to investigate the impact of acid mine… (more)

▼ This study integrates geochemical sampling, fluid electrical conductivity (σf) logging, electromagnetic induction (EMI), and electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) to investigate the impact of acid mine drainage (AMD) from the Minnesota Mine, an inactive gold and silver mine, on Lion Creek, a headwater mountain stream near Empire, Colorado. The study goal is to assist in evaluating remediation options by characterizing seasonal variation in AMD contamination levels and identifying the controls of point and diffuse sources of AMD entering Lion Creek. The pH and log (σf) of the water in Lion Creek inversely correlate, indicating that the low pH characteristic of AMD-impacted water correlates to high σf values that can serve as a target for the geophysical methods. ERI surveys were run along the east bank of Lion Creek along a reach where acidic water seeps out of the steep stream bank and into the creek. These ERI surveys identified two areas where diffuse contamination is likely entering the stream: (1) the subsurface extent of two seepage faces visible on the surface and (2) runoff leaching through a tailings pile on the east bank of Lion Creek. σf in the stream was lowest when the stream level was highest in the early summer and then increased throughout the summer as the stream level decreased, indicating that the concentration of dissolved solids in the stream is largely controlled by dilution due to snowmelt. Total dissolved solids (TDS) were calculated using an empirical relationship between σf and TDS, and TDS load (TDS concentration times stream discharge) was calculated. TDS load is greatest in the early summer and displays a large diel signal. This work will be helpful in informing remediation efforts because the identification of diffuse sources of AMD allows for more targeted remediation options and knowledge of seasonal variation is necessary in predicting the costs and outcome of different remediation scenarios. Advisors/Committee Members: Singha, Kamini (advisor), Sitchler%2C%20Alexis%20K.%22%29&pagesize-30">Navarre-Sitchler, Alexis K. (committee member), Swidinsky, Andrei (committee member), Runkel, Robert L. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: acid mine drainage; electrical resistivity; site characterization

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APA (6^th Edition):

Johnston, A. (2016). Integrated geophysical and geochemical approach to characterizing acid mine drainage in a headwater mountain stream in Colorado, USA, An. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170261

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Johnston, Allison. “Integrated geophysical and geochemical approach to characterizing acid mine drainage in a headwater mountain stream in Colorado, USA, An.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170261.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Johnston, Allison. “Integrated geophysical and geochemical approach to characterizing acid mine drainage in a headwater mountain stream in Colorado, USA, An.” 2016. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Johnston A. Integrated geophysical and geochemical approach to characterizing acid mine drainage in a headwater mountain stream in Colorado, USA, An. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170261.

Council of Science Editors:

Johnston A. Integrated geophysical and geochemical approach to characterizing acid mine drainage in a headwater mountain stream in Colorado, USA, An. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170261

Colorado School of Mines

19. Kenwell, Amy M. Using geochemical indicators to distinguish high biogeochemical activity in the subsurface.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Geology and Geological Engineering, 2015, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/20112

► A better understanding of how microbial communities interact with their surroundings in physically and chemically heterogeneous subsurface environments will lead to improved quantification of biogeochemical… (more)

▼ A better understanding of how microbial communities interact with their surroundings in physically and chemically heterogeneous subsurface environments will lead to improved quantification of biogeochemical reactions and associated nutrient cycling. This study develops a methodology to predict elevated rates of biogeochemical activity (microbial “hotspots”) in subsurface environments by correlating microbial community structure with the spatial distribution of geochemical indicators in subsurface sediments. Statistical hierarchical cluster analyses (HCA) of simulated precipitation leachate, HCl and hydroxylamine extractable iron, total organic carbon (TOC), and microbial community structure were used to identify sample characteristics indicative of biogeochemical hotspots within fluvially-derived aquifer sediments. The method has previously been applied to alluvial materials collected at a former uranium mill site near Rifle, Colorado and this study introduces a new field site of relatively undisturbed floodplain deposits (soils and sediments) collected along the East River near Crested Butte, Colorado. At the East River 46 soil/sediment samples were collected across and perpendicular to 3 active meanders and an oxbow meander. Results indicate a strong relationship between TOC and microbial DNA whereas the influence of metals as terminal electron acceptors is specific to the dominant terminal electron accepting process. Linear regression of log-transformed TOC and bulk microbial DNA for 34 East River shallow meander and 14 alluvial Rifle samples produces a preliminary empirical relationship. Applying the method to identify hotspots in both contaminated and natural floodplain deposits and their associated alluvial aquifers demonstrates the broad applicability of a geochemical indicator based approach. Advisors/Committee Members: Sitchler%2C%20Alexis%20K.%22%29&pagesize-30">Navarre-Sitchler, Alexis K. (advisor), Spear, John R. (committee member), Maxwell, Reed M. (committee member), Hering, Amanda S. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: characterization; natural redox processes; subsurface heterogeneity; floodplain meanders; biogeochemical activity; soil geochemistry

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kenwell, A. M. (2015). Using geochemical indicators to distinguish high biogeochemical activity in the subsurface. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/20112

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kenwell, Amy M. “Using geochemical indicators to distinguish high biogeochemical activity in the subsurface.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/20112.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kenwell, Amy M. “Using geochemical indicators to distinguish high biogeochemical activity in the subsurface.” 2015. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Kenwell AM. Using geochemical indicators to distinguish high biogeochemical activity in the subsurface. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/20112.

Council of Science Editors:

Kenwell AM. Using geochemical indicators to distinguish high biogeochemical activity in the subsurface. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/20112

Colorado School of Mines

20. Agartan Karacaer, Elif. Fundamental study on the effects of heterogeneity on trapping of dissolved CO2 in deep geological formations through intermediate-scale testing and numerical modeling, A.

Degree: PhD, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2015, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/17117

► Climate change due to CO2 build up in the atmosphere has been studied for many years. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a technology to… (more)

▼ Climate change due to CO2 build up in the atmosphere has been studied for many years. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a technology to reduce the atmospheric emissions of CO2 produced from large point sources like power plants. The captured CO2 is deposited into the subsurface formation, such as deep saline aquifers, in the case of geologic sequestration of CO2. The earliest application of CO2 sequestration in subsurface formations was back to the early 1970s in order to increase oil production. Environmental benefits of CO2 storage to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere have been considered since the 1980s and studied in detailed since the 1990s. In deep geologic formations, CO2 is trapped through a number of mechanisms including structural, capillary, dissolution, and mineral trapping to achieve secure and long-term storage which reduces the risk of leakage. The fundamental understanding of these mechanisms should be improved in order to develop strategies on the trapping in the target formation. Heterogeneity of the formation is another factor that plays a key role for the stable trapping at the injection and post-injection periods, and makes it challenging to understand the relative contribution of each mechanism to storage. The main goal of this study is to investigate the role of heterogeneity on the trapping of dissolved CO2 for the secure and long-term storage in the deep saline formations via well-controlled laboratory experiments and numerical modeling. The small and intermediate-scale laboratory experiments were performed using surrogate fluid combinations showing identical density characteristics with dissolved CO2 and brine under ambient pressure and temperature conditions. The more complex packing configurations and field-scale applications were simulated using the numerical model. The results of experimental and numerical modeling studies suggested that the contribution of convective mixing to the stable trapping of dissolved CO2 depends on the geometry, distribution, and hydraulic properties of the geologic features in the formations. In multilayered systems, convective mixing and diffusion controlled trapping contribute to dissolution trapping; however the impact of each mechanisms depends on the permeability and thickness of the low-permeability layers. On the other hand, the intralayer heterogeneity present in low-permeability layers enhances mixing, and the long-term trapping in these layers depends on distribution of the materials. The effective strategies can be developed to enhance trapping by taking the advantage of natural heterogeneity of the formation. These conclusions are relevant when investigating stable trapping of dissolved CO2 in deep saline formations. Advisors/Committee Members: Illangasekare, T. H. (advisor), Sitchler%2C%20Alexis%20K.%22%29&pagesize-30">Navarre-Sitchler, Alexis K. (committee member), Singha, Kamini (committee member), Tilton, Nils (committee member), Cihan, Abdullah (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: experiment; dissolution trapping; CO2 sequestration; heterogeneity; Carbon sequestration; Mass transfer; Diffusion; Formations (Geology); Porous materials – Testing; Permeability

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APA (6^th Edition):

Agartan Karacaer, E. (2015). Fundamental study on the effects of heterogeneity on trapping of dissolved CO2 in deep geological formations through intermediate-scale testing and numerical modeling, A. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/17117

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Agartan Karacaer, Elif. “Fundamental study on the effects of heterogeneity on trapping of dissolved CO2 in deep geological formations through intermediate-scale testing and numerical modeling, A.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/17117.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Agartan Karacaer, Elif. “Fundamental study on the effects of heterogeneity on trapping of dissolved CO2 in deep geological formations through intermediate-scale testing and numerical modeling, A.” 2015. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Agartan Karacaer E. Fundamental study on the effects of heterogeneity on trapping of dissolved CO2 in deep geological formations through intermediate-scale testing and numerical modeling, A. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/17117.

Council of Science Editors:

Agartan Karacaer E. Fundamental study on the effects of heterogeneity on trapping of dissolved CO2 in deep geological formations through intermediate-scale testing and numerical modeling, A. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/17117

Colorado School of Mines

21. Podzorski, Hannah L. Expression of geochemical controls on water quality in Loch Vale, Rocky Mountain National Park.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Geology and Geological Engineering, 2018, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172402

► Silicate mineral weathering over global scales provides negative feedback to increasing atmospheric CO2 levels through geologic time. There is conclusive evidence of changes in hydrology… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Loch Vale; concentration-discharge; weathering

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APA (6^th Edition):

Podzorski, H. L. (2018). Expression of geochemical controls on water quality in Loch Vale, Rocky Mountain National Park. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172402

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Podzorski, Hannah L. “Expression of geochemical controls on water quality in Loch Vale, Rocky Mountain National Park.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172402.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Podzorski, Hannah L. “Expression of geochemical controls on water quality in Loch Vale, Rocky Mountain National Park.” 2018. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Podzorski HL. Expression of geochemical controls on water quality in Loch Vale, Rocky Mountain National Park. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172402.

Council of Science Editors:

Podzorski HL. Expression of geochemical controls on water quality in Loch Vale, Rocky Mountain National Park. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172402

Colorado School of Mines

22. Pribulick, Christine E. Propagating climate and vegetation change through the hydrologic cycle in a mountain headwaters catchment.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Geology and Geological Engineering, 2015, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/20128

► Prediction of hydrologic response to global climate change is paramount for regions that rely upon snowpack for their dominant water supply. Temperature increases are anticipated… (more)

▼ Prediction of hydrologic response to global climate change is paramount for regions that rely upon snowpack for their dominant water supply. Temperature increases are anticipated to be greater at higher elevations perturbing headwaters systems that provide water to millions of downstream users. In this study, the relationships between climatic change and associated vegetation succession with the corresponding response in hydrologic processes of mountainous terrain are studied in the East River headwaters catchment near Crested Butte, CO. This catchment is emblematic of other headwater systems within the upper Colorado River basin. Therefore, perturbations seen at this study site are likely to occur across the region, altering the water quantity and quality of the Colorado River. Here, we study the effect of climate-induced changes on the hydrologic response of three different characteristic components of the catchment: a steep high-energy mountain system, a medium-grade lower-energy system and a low-grade low-energy meandering floodplain. To capture the surface and subsurface heterogeneity of this headwaters system the basin has been modeled at a 10-meter resolution using ParFlow, a parallel, integrated hydrologic model. This model assesses hydrologic scenarios based on worst-case Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) climate projections and an estimated worst-case scenario vegetation change observed in a warming experiment conducted in the watershed. Changes in ground evaporation, evapotranspiration (ET) snow water equivalent (SWE), and discharge are analyzed as these catchment characteristics provide useful insight into hydrologic response. It was found that each component responded differently depending on its inherent orographic location and geologic features. It was also found that the inclusion of vegetation change enhanced the hydrologic changes from the vegetation or warming scenarios alone. Overall, the results show decreases in discharge, shifts in the timing of peak runoff, and prolonged periods of soil moisture declines, all of which can have negative implications for water quality, quantity and vegetative productivity. Advisors/Committee Members: Maxwell, Reed M. (advisor), Carroll, Rosemary W. H. (advisor), Williams, Kenneth H. (committee member), Sitchler%2C%20Alexis%20K.%22%29&pagesize-30">Navarre-Sitchler, Alexis K. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: ecohydrology; mountains; vegetation change; hydrology; climate change; ParFlow

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APA (6^th Edition):

Pribulick, C. E. (2015). Propagating climate and vegetation change through the hydrologic cycle in a mountain headwaters catchment. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/20128

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Pribulick, Christine E. “Propagating climate and vegetation change through the hydrologic cycle in a mountain headwaters catchment.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/20128.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Pribulick, Christine E. “Propagating climate and vegetation change through the hydrologic cycle in a mountain headwaters catchment.” 2015. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Pribulick CE. Propagating climate and vegetation change through the hydrologic cycle in a mountain headwaters catchment. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/20128.

Council of Science Editors:

Pribulick CE. Propagating climate and vegetation change through the hydrologic cycle in a mountain headwaters catchment. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/20128

Colorado School of Mines

23. Pommer, Rania Eldam. From pore-scale to watershed: parameterizing heterogeneous rock properties across scales to inform predictive environmental models.

Degree: PhD, Geology and Geological Engineering, 2020, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/174164

► Mountainous watersheds throughout the United States are going to change in the future due to continued shifts in land use and climate patterns, and it… (more)

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APA (6^th Edition):

Pommer, R. E. (2020). From pore-scale to watershed: parameterizing heterogeneous rock properties across scales to inform predictive environmental models. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/174164

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Pommer, Rania Eldam. “From pore-scale to watershed: parameterizing heterogeneous rock properties across scales to inform predictive environmental models.” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/174164.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Pommer, Rania Eldam. “From pore-scale to watershed: parameterizing heterogeneous rock properties across scales to inform predictive environmental models.” 2020. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Pommer RE. From pore-scale to watershed: parameterizing heterogeneous rock properties across scales to inform predictive environmental models. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/174164.

Council of Science Editors:

Pommer RE. From pore-scale to watershed: parameterizing heterogeneous rock properties across scales to inform predictive environmental models. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/174164

Colorado School of Mines

24. Plampin, Michael Roger. Fundamental study of multiphase CO₂ evolution and attenuation in shallow aquifers during possible leakage from deep geologic sequestration sites using multi-scale experimental testing and numerical modeling.

Degree: PhD, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2015, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/20274

► Geologic Carbon Sequestration has the potential to significantly reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, but the potential for leakage of CO2 from deep storage formations into… (more)

▼ Geologic Carbon Sequestration has the potential to significantly reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, but the potential for leakage of CO2 from deep storage formations into the shallow subsurface presents a wide range of possible risks that must be understood and addressed. The type, extent and severity of the risks depend on the distribution and multi- phase behavior of the CO2. For instance, dissolved CO2 causes acidification of groundwater, which could lead to mobilization of other contaminants such as metals. On the other hand, when water containing dissolved CO2 migrates through shallow groundwater, gas phase CO2 may form (exsolve), expand, accumulate, flow, and/or re-dissolve into clean water. While exsolved gas causes its own risks such as eventual escape to the atmosphere, the presence of gas phase in shallow aquifers may also help to attenuate the transport of dissolved CO2 and other aqueous contaminants. The various processes that dissolved and gaseous CO2 concurrently undergo within porous media are complexly interrelated, and are collectively referred to in this dissertation as “multiphase CO2 evolution.” This research combined laboratory experimentation and numerical modeling, with the ultimate goal of contributing to scientific knowledge on the factors that control multiphase CO2 evolution within shallow aquifers. Specifically, the effects of geologic heterogeneity were investigated in several experimental test systems of various sizes and shapes that were packed with various types of porous media in heterogeneous configurations. The data from a set of one-dimensional (1-D) experiments were used to develop a new theory that quantitatively predicts the effects of geologic heterogeneity on CO2 evolution during 1-D flow. Then, two- dimensional (2-D) experimentation was used to develop and validate a general conceptual model for multiphase CO2 transport and attenuation in larger, more realistic systems. The 2-D data were also used to test the capability of a particular numerical model to capture the observed CO2 evolution behavior. The numerical model was then used to make predictions about the relative effects of different types of geologic heterogeneity on multiphase CO2 transport. Advisors/Committee Members: Illangasekare, T. H. (advisor), Sitchler%2C%20Alexis%20K.%22%29&pagesize-30">Navarre-Sitchler, Alexis K. (committee member), Pawar, Rajesh J. (committee member), Pini, Ronny (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: CO2 sequestration; gas phase/multiphase CO2 evolution; numerical modeling (FEHM); gas exolution/dissolution in porous media; CO2 leakage; intermediate-scale experimentation

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APA (6^th Edition):

Plampin, M. R. (2015). Fundamental study of multiphase CO₂ evolution and attenuation in shallow aquifers during possible leakage from deep geologic sequestration sites using multi-scale experimental testing and numerical modeling. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/20274

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Plampin, Michael Roger. “Fundamental study of multiphase CO₂ evolution and attenuation in shallow aquifers during possible leakage from deep geologic sequestration sites using multi-scale experimental testing and numerical modeling.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/20274.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Plampin, Michael Roger. “Fundamental study of multiphase CO₂ evolution and attenuation in shallow aquifers during possible leakage from deep geologic sequestration sites using multi-scale experimental testing and numerical modeling.” 2015. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Plampin MR. Fundamental study of multiphase CO₂ evolution and attenuation in shallow aquifers during possible leakage from deep geologic sequestration sites using multi-scale experimental testing and numerical modeling. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2015. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/20274.

Council of Science Editors:

Plampin MR. Fundamental study of multiphase CO₂ evolution and attenuation in shallow aquifers during possible leakage from deep geologic sequestration sites using multi-scale experimental testing and numerical modeling. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/20274

Colorado School of Mines

25. Worts, Nathan G. Development of single element detection imaging systems and femtosecond laser micromachining for additive manufacturing processes.

Degree: PhD, Physics, 2018, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172812

► The development of ultrafast laser imaging and micromachining systems for use in integrated material modification and additive manufacturing setups is discussed. This thesis is organized… (more)

▼ The development of ultrafast laser imaging and micromachining systems for use in integrated material modification and additive manufacturing setups is discussed. This thesis is organized into seven Chapters. The first chapter presents a brief overview and introduction of ultrafast lasers and the benefits of using them for linear and nonlinear microscopy and imaging as well as amplified laser material modification. Chapter two demonstrates the many capabilities of the amplified ultrafast laser machining system in the context of additive manufacturing (AM). The significant results here include the ability to process AM components by creating a surface finish to a certain specification, generating micro-cone structures on the surface for modifying wetting characteristics, and writing nanogratings onto the components for encoding numerical counterfeiting information. Chapter three shows the results of using the ultrafast laser micromachining in combination with spatial frequency modulated imaging (SPIFI) to produce enhanced resolution images in multiple linear and nonlinear modalities. Chapter four extends SPIFI to a previously unknown capability in which the imaging system is constructed in such a way as to acquire interferometric axial sensitivity. This is significant as it opens up the world of surface metrology and imaging the phase content of objects with enhanced resolution. The fifth chapter highlights an imaging system where SPIFI is used to gain enhanced resolution in multiple dimensions simultaneously. Chapter six provides a review of a focusing technique called simultaneous spatial and temporal focusing (SSTF) which can be utilized in a wide range of microscopy and micromachining applications and mitigates many problems ultrafast lasers have when interacting with materials and acquiring images. The final chapter provides general conclusions and an outlook to the future of using amplified ultrafast lasers to provide in-situ process monitoring for additive and subtractive manufacturing. Advisors/Committee Members: Squier, Jeff A. (advisor), Durfee, Charles G. (committee member), Toberer, Eric (committee member), Sitchler%2C%20Alexis%20K.%22%29&pagesize-30">Navarre-Sitchler, Alexis K. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: imaging systems; laser micromachining; ultrafast lasers; interferometric imaging; additive manufacturing; nonlinear microscopy

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APA (6^th Edition):

Worts, N. G. (2018). Development of single element detection imaging systems and femtosecond laser micromachining for additive manufacturing processes. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172812

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Worts, Nathan G. “Development of single element detection imaging systems and femtosecond laser micromachining for additive manufacturing processes.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172812.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Worts, Nathan G. “Development of single element detection imaging systems and femtosecond laser micromachining for additive manufacturing processes.” 2018. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Worts NG. Development of single element detection imaging systems and femtosecond laser micromachining for additive manufacturing processes. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172812.

Council of Science Editors:

Worts NG. Development of single element detection imaging systems and femtosecond laser micromachining for additive manufacturing processes. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172812

Colorado School of Mines

26. Forrester, Mary Michael. Understanding water fluxes through land, vegetation and air with coupled atmospheric and hydrologic modeling at extreme scales.

Degree: PhD, Geology and Geological Engineering, 2020, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/174215

► The processes that govern the quality, quantity, and movement of water resources are a multifaceted and nonlinear system of interactions between the earth, the land… (more)

▼ The processes that govern the quality, quantity, and movement of water resources are a multifaceted and nonlinear system of interactions between the earth, the land surface, vegetation, and the lower atmosphere. Recent advancements in computational efficiency and earth system modeling have awarded hydrologists with increasingly high resolution models of terrestrial hydrology, which are paramount to understanding and predicting these complex fluxes of moisture and energy. Extreme-scale (continental scale and above) hydrologic simulations are, in particular, of interest to the hydrologic community for numerous societal and operational applications. However, computational demand has traditionally necessitated some type of relaxed physical assumptions, usually by focusing physical realism on isolated components of the water cycle; for instance, land surface models as the lower boundary to meteorological models often simplify surface and subsurface hydrology, concentrating on the balance of radiation and surface turbulent fluxes but neglecting deep and lateral redistribution of soil moisture. Given the growing body of literature detailing the benefits of capturing coupled system exchange of moisture and energy, there is increasing demand for large-scale, high resolution models which simulate the hydrologic cycle as an integrated whole, from bedrock to land surface to atmosphere. This dissertation presents work towards fully-coupled, high-resolution hydrologic simulations at extreme scales. In these chapters, the importance of representing dynamic groundwater and lateral subsurface moisture redistribution is shown with regard to regional atmospheric modeling. Also discussed is the fidelity, uncertainty, and application of high-resolution, coupled-system hydrologic simulations at the continental scale. This work focuses on the connection between groundwater and atmosphere, demonstrates the importance of hydrologic representation in meteorological and remote sensing applications, and implicates the use of continental-scale hydrologic models to better understand the processes that govern our invaluable water resources. Advisors/Committee Members: Maxwell, Reed M. (advisor), Sitchler%2C%20Alexis%20K.%22%29&pagesize-30">Navarre-Sitchler, Alexis K. (committee member), Pankavich, Stephen (committee member), Kroepsch, Adrianne (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: computational; land surface; atmosphere; modeling; groundwater

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APA (6^th Edition):

Forrester, M. M. (2020). Understanding water fluxes through land, vegetation and air with coupled atmospheric and hydrologic modeling at extreme scales. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/174215

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Forrester, Mary Michael. “Understanding water fluxes through land, vegetation and air with coupled atmospheric and hydrologic modeling at extreme scales.” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/174215.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Forrester, Mary Michael. “Understanding water fluxes through land, vegetation and air with coupled atmospheric and hydrologic modeling at extreme scales.” 2020. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Forrester MM. Understanding water fluxes through land, vegetation and air with coupled atmospheric and hydrologic modeling at extreme scales. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2020. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/174215.

Council of Science Editors:

Forrester MM. Understanding water fluxes through land, vegetation and air with coupled atmospheric and hydrologic modeling at extreme scales. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/174215

Colorado School of Mines

27. Murphy, Jill K. Dietborne bioavailability of copper from cobble coatings in a mining-influenced stream: the effect of organism (L. stagnalis) mass on reverse isotope labeling measurements.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Chemistry, 2018, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172531

► The legacy impacts of hardrock mining are complex and difficult to fully mitigate. Though the detrimental effects of hardrock mining on environmental quality have been… (more)

▼ The legacy impacts of hardrock mining are complex and difficult to fully mitigate. Though the detrimental effects of hardrock mining on environmental quality have been extensively researched, there is a paucity of data documenting the temporal responses of mining influenced waterways (MIW) to remediation efforts. In an effort to bridge this information gap, I examined the bioavailablity of copper (Cu) present in armored metal-oxyhydroxide cobble coatings collected before and after the completion of a high-density-sludge lime treatment plant on the North Fork of Clear Creek (NFCC) in Black Hawk, Gilpin County, Colorado. Using an innovative reverse-labeling stable-isotope method developed by U.S. Geological Survey researchers, I calculated Cu assimilation efficiency (AE) in freshwater snails (Lymnaea stagnalis) that were fed cobble-coating particles. Although Cu bioavailability did not differ significantly between pre- and post-remediation metal-oxyhydroxide particles (~34% AE), high among-replicate variability resulted in low power to infer statistically significant differences. The use of small organisms (~0.5-5 mg dry tissue weight) in early post-embryonic ontogeny may have contributed to the relatively high variability, which may be related to uncertainty in the estimation of differences in tissue Cu concentrations between exposed and background snails. A novel finding was that background Cu concentrations decreased with increasing size, following the relationship: [⁶³ Cu]_snail=70.088×M_snail^(-0.628) , where the units for [63Cu]snail are mg 63Cu gsnail-1 and the units for Msnail are mg. These size constraints may have important implications for the planned adaptation of this method to smaller benthic organisms that are more ecologically relevant in high-gradient, montane streams (e.g., the midge Chironomus dilutus). Further work is needed to determine whether organism size, growth rate, or developmental stage is the primary source of among-replicate variability. Advisors/Committee Members: Ranville, James F. (advisor), Sitchler%2C%20Alexis%20K.%22%29&pagesize-30">Navarre-Sitchler, Alexis K. (committee member), Munakata Marr, Junko (committee member), Meyer, Joseph S. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: bioavailability; Lymnaea stagnalis; recovery; copper; acid mine drainage; mining influenced waters

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APA (6^th Edition):

Murphy, J. K. (2018). Dietborne bioavailability of copper from cobble coatings in a mining-influenced stream: the effect of organism (L. stagnalis) mass on reverse isotope labeling measurements. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172531

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Murphy, Jill K. “Dietborne bioavailability of copper from cobble coatings in a mining-influenced stream: the effect of organism (L. stagnalis) mass on reverse isotope labeling measurements.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172531.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Murphy, Jill K. “Dietborne bioavailability of copper from cobble coatings in a mining-influenced stream: the effect of organism (L. stagnalis) mass on reverse isotope labeling measurements.” 2018. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Murphy JK. Dietborne bioavailability of copper from cobble coatings in a mining-influenced stream: the effect of organism (L. stagnalis) mass on reverse isotope labeling measurements. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2018. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172531.

Council of Science Editors:

Murphy JK. Dietborne bioavailability of copper from cobble coatings in a mining-influenced stream: the effect of organism (L. stagnalis) mass on reverse isotope labeling measurements. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172531

Colorado School of Mines

28. Rand, Logan N. Using single particle ICP-MS to study occurrence and behavior of engineered, natural, and incidental nanoparticles in freshwater streams.

Degree: PhD, Chemistry, 2019, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173282

► The use of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in numerous industrial and consumer applications is steadily increasing, which has led to concern about their environmental release. However,… (more)

▼ The use of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in numerous industrial and consumer applications is steadily increasing, which has led to concern about their environmental release. However, the study of ENP fate and transport has been met with significant technical challenges. Low (parts per trillion) concentrations and the frequent complexity of environmental media makes accurate detection difficult, even without the added possibility of ENP alteration via aggregation, surface modification, and degradation (dissolution). Additionally, there are many mineral analogues to ENPs and these natural nanoparticles (NNPs) are not easy to distinguish from ENPs. Human activities also result in many incidental nanoparticle (INP) byproducts in the environment. The Ph.D. dissertation research described in this thesis contributes to the current attempts to improve environmental nanoparticle (NP) analysis and better understand NP behavior in natural systems, with the focus being on streams and the application of single particle inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (spICP-MS) for NP measurement. Two field studies in this thesis demonstrate the utility and limitations of the technique for quantifying changes to NP populations in dynamic natural water systems, including semi-urban recreational streams and a mining-impacted stream. Total metal mass concentrations, oxybenzone, and NPs were examined during stream recreation in Clear Creek, Colorado, Truckee River, Nevada, and Salt River, Arizona and in some instances significant increases in Ti NP concentrations and sizes were observed by spICP-MS. The study on the mining-impacted system found a decrease in Fe INP concentration and size occurred that could be related via multiple linear regression to seasonal and remediation-related water chemistry changes in the North Fork of Clear Creek, Colorado. Additionally, the ability of spICP-MS to analyze aggregated NPs was examined and compared between instruments with magnetic sector versus time-of-flight mass analyzers. The results support the detectability of small (up to 200 nm) aggregates of CeO2, goethite, and kaolinite NPs based on changes to size distributions and signal pulse clumping, as well as simultaneous pulses of multiple elements, depending on the analytical capabilities of the instrument used. This dissertation advances the ability to measure ENPs, NNPs, and INPs in the environment and contributes to our understanding of anthropogenic effects on stream NPs. Advisors/Committee Members: Ranville, James F. (advisor), Singha, Kamini (committee member), Sitchler%2C%20Alexis%20K.%22%29&pagesize-30">Navarre-Sitchler, Alexis K. (committee member), Voelker, Bettina M. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: environmental analysis; nanoparticle; stability; environmental release; aggregation; single particle ICP-MS

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APA (6^th Edition):

Rand, L. N. (2019). Using single particle ICP-MS to study occurrence and behavior of engineered, natural, and incidental nanoparticles in freshwater streams. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173282

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Rand, Logan N. “Using single particle ICP-MS to study occurrence and behavior of engineered, natural, and incidental nanoparticles in freshwater streams.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173282.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Rand, Logan N. “Using single particle ICP-MS to study occurrence and behavior of engineered, natural, and incidental nanoparticles in freshwater streams.” 2019. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Rand LN. Using single particle ICP-MS to study occurrence and behavior of engineered, natural, and incidental nanoparticles in freshwater streams. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2019. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173282.

Council of Science Editors:

Rand LN. Using single particle ICP-MS to study occurrence and behavior of engineered, natural, and incidental nanoparticles in freshwater streams. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173282

Colorado School of Mines

29. Eldam, Rania. Evaluating control of slope-aspect on geochemical weathering within the Boulder Creek Critical Zone Observatory.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Geology and Geological Engineering, 2016, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170311

► Geochemical weathering in the Critical Zone is an important source of mobile regolith and solutes that drive landscape evolution and nutrient cycling. An in-depth understanding… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Boulder Creek CZO; critical zone; depth profiles; geochemistry; weathering

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Eldam, R. (2016). Evaluating control of slope-aspect on geochemical weathering within the Boulder Creek Critical Zone Observatory. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170311

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Eldam, Rania. “Evaluating control of slope-aspect on geochemical weathering within the Boulder Creek Critical Zone Observatory.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170311.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Eldam, Rania. “Evaluating control of slope-aspect on geochemical weathering within the Boulder Creek Critical Zone Observatory.” 2016. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Eldam R. Evaluating control of slope-aspect on geochemical weathering within the Boulder Creek Critical Zone Observatory. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170311.

Council of Science Editors:

Eldam R. Evaluating control of slope-aspect on geochemical weathering within the Boulder Creek Critical Zone Observatory. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170311

Colorado School of Mines

30. Barber, Angela G. New developments in the analysis of composite nanoparticles using single particle ICP-MS and field-flow fractionation.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Chemistry and Geochemistry, 2016, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170252

► Release of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) into the environment is inevitable as the nanotechnology industry continues to expand producing a multitude of nanotechnology-enabled products (NEPs). In… (more)

▼ Release of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) into the environment is inevitable as the nanotechnology industry continues to expand producing a multitude of nanotechnology-enabled products (NEPs). In this work, advancements in single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICP-MS), used in tandem with the particle separation capabilities of field-flow fractionation (FFF), were made in order to quantitatively address two challenges: 1) the detection, characterization, and quantification of a composite particle representing the formation of a surface coating upon release of inorganic engineered nanoparticles (ENPs), and 2) the need to distinguish ENPs from interfering natural nanoparticles (NNPs). An inorganic-core/organic-shell composite particle was characterized using spICP-MS and two FFF techniques. A model Au-PS-b-PAA nanoparticle (NP) consisting of 50 nm Au NPs incorporated into polystyrene micelles was used to represent a) the formation of surface coatings on inorganic NPs and b) polymer fragments released from inorganic ENP-containing polymer nanocomposites due to material weathering or abrasion. spICP-MS analysis of the composite particle indicated that multiple Au NPs were incorporated into the PS-b-PAA micelles, consistent with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results. The presence of multiple NPs resulted in an average incorporated Au equivalent size of 63 nm. Particle separation by asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) provided a distribution of the composite particle hydrodynamic size (about 70-400 nm). Analysis of the fractions by spICP-MS provided the incorporated Au mass, which demonstrated that as the Au-PS-b-PAA NP hydrodynamic size increased, the number of incorporated Au NPs (i.e., Au mass) increased. Additionally, separation by an additional FFF technique, centrifugal FFF, and analysis of the fractions by spICP-MS provided the Au NP mass distributions in the Au-PS-b-PAA NPs as the mass of incorporated NPs increased. One of the challenges of detecting ENPs in the environment is distinguishing them from NNPs. ENPs have elementally pure compositions while NNPs contain multiple elements. A bimetallic core-shell NP (Au-core/Ag-shell) was used as model for NNPs in order to develop nano-metrology techniques suitable for the detection of interfering NNPs. The Au-core/Ag-shell NP was first used to demonstrate how current spICP-MS capabilities (i.e., using single element analysis) in combination with AF4 can be utilized not only to determine the bimetallic composite nature of the Au-Ag core-shell NP but can also be used to reveal the core-shell structure by temporally observing a slow acid digestion of the particles. Particle number concentrations provided by spICP-MS and AF4-ICP-MS analysis showed that the particle solution contained composite NPs rather than individual Au-only and Ag-only NPs. spICP-MS was then used to observe particle dissolution in dilute acid over time to reveal the core-shell particle structure. A recent development in spICP-MS technology, dual element… Advisors/Committee Members: Ranville, James F. (advisor), Sitchler%2C%20Alexis%20K.%22%29&pagesize-30">Navarre-Sitchler, Alexis K. (committee member), Voelker, Bettina M. (committee member), Higgins, Christopher P. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: composite nanoparticles; core-shell nanoparticles; engineered nanoparticles; environmental chemistry; field-flow fractionation; single particle ICP-MS

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Barber, A. G. (2016). New developments in the analysis of composite nanoparticles using single particle ICP-MS and field-flow fractionation. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170252

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Barber, Angela G. “New developments in the analysis of composite nanoparticles using single particle ICP-MS and field-flow fractionation.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed March 05, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170252.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Barber, Angela G. “New developments in the analysis of composite nanoparticles using single particle ICP-MS and field-flow fractionation.” 2016. Web. 05 Mar 2021.

Vancouver:

Barber AG. New developments in the analysis of composite nanoparticles using single particle ICP-MS and field-flow fractionation. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2016. [cited 2021 Mar 05]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170252.

Council of Science Editors:

Barber AG. New developments in the analysis of composite nanoparticles using single particle ICP-MS and field-flow fractionation. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170252

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