+publisher:"Colorado School of Mines" +contributor:("Krebs, Melissa D.")

Colorado School of Mines

1. Stinson, Benjamin S. Implementation of gelatin-methacrylate scaffolds for in vitro modeling of the trabecular meshwork.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Chemical and Biological Engineering, 2020, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/174136

► Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the world currently impacting 66.8 million people. There are several different types of Glaucoma with the… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: GelMA; hydrogel; trabecular meshwork; glaucoma; gelatin methacrylate; Stinson

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APA (6^th Edition):

Stinson, B. S. (2020). Implementation of gelatin-methacrylate scaffolds for in vitro modeling of the trabecular meshwork. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/174136

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Stinson, Benjamin S. “Implementation of gelatin-methacrylate scaffolds for in vitro modeling of the trabecular meshwork.” 2020. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/174136.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Stinson, Benjamin S. “Implementation of gelatin-methacrylate scaffolds for in vitro modeling of the trabecular meshwork.” 2020. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Stinson BS. Implementation of gelatin-methacrylate scaffolds for in vitro modeling of the trabecular meshwork. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2020. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/174136.

Council of Science Editors:

Stinson BS. Implementation of gelatin-methacrylate scaffolds for in vitro modeling of the trabecular meshwork. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/174136

Colorado School of Mines

2. Hoffman, Jessica. Rational design of proton exchange membranes: perfluoro polymers with sulfonic acid and heteropoly acid functionalities.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Chemical and Biological Engineering, 2018, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172355

► The state of the art in the field of perfluorinated sulfonic acid (PFSA) membranes is dictated by our understanding of pure PFSA ionomer materials like… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: heteropoly acid; morphology; proton exchange membranes; ion conductivity; fuel cells; PFSA

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hoffman, J. (2018). Rational design of proton exchange membranes: perfluoro polymers with sulfonic acid and heteropoly acid functionalities. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172355

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hoffman, Jessica. “Rational design of proton exchange membranes: perfluoro polymers with sulfonic acid and heteropoly acid functionalities.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172355.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hoffman, Jessica. “Rational design of proton exchange membranes: perfluoro polymers with sulfonic acid and heteropoly acid functionalities.” 2018. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Hoffman J. Rational design of proton exchange membranes: perfluoro polymers with sulfonic acid and heteropoly acid functionalities. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172355.

Council of Science Editors:

Hoffman J. Rational design of proton exchange membranes: perfluoro polymers with sulfonic acid and heteropoly acid functionalities. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172355

Colorado School of Mines

3. Bernier, Sarah. Uniaxially aligned, porous collagen-GAG scaffolds for in vitro modeling of trabecular meshwork.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Chemical and Biological Engineering, 2015, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/17113

► Glaucoma is the world's leading cause of irreversible blindness. There is currently no cure due to insufficient understanding of the pathology of the disease. Glaucoma… (more)

▼ Glaucoma is the world's leading cause of irreversible blindness. There is currently no cure due to insufficient understanding of the pathology of the disease. Glaucoma has been associated with elevated intraocular pressure. The source of this pressure has been correlated with insufficient outflow of aqueous humor through the trabecular meshwork (TM). The trabecular meshwork is a complex, three dimensional tissue in the eye composed of organized layers of TM cells in an extracellular matrix consisting primarily of collagen and glycosaminoglycan (GAG). Many groups have been studying TM cells in vitro to examine their gene expression and response to drugs. However, most in vitro studies of TM cells are likely over-simplified since there is a significant difference between the planar surfaces on which the TM cells are traditionally cultured and the complex topographic environment in vivo. The physiology of TM cells has been shown to be affected by the topographic cues to which they are exposed. For this reason, there is need for a three dimensional in vitro model of the TM for glaucoma drug screening. The goal of this work was to fabricate such a model and explore its interaction with TM cells. To achieve the overall goal of designing an in vitro model, three objectives were outlined: 1) Fabricate collagen-GAG scaffolds with vertically aligned anisotropic pores to mimic the structure of the native tissue. 2) Characterize fabricated scaffolds with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic mechanical analysis, and glycosaminoglycan quantification. 3) Seed TM cells onto fabricated scaffolds and explore their viability, proliferation, migration, and gene expression. The first and second goals were achieved in tandem. Uniaxially aligned pores were obtained by employing a unidirectional freezing and lyophilization process. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the formation of these pores. Image analysis performed on SEM images revealed the average pore diameter to be 13.7 ± 5.21 µm and the pore density to be 2027 pores/mm2. Dynamic mechanical analysis was used to measure the storage modulus of hydrated collagen-only and collagen-GAG scaffolds. There was no statistical difference in the modulus between the two. Glycosaminoglycan content was measured over time using two crosslinking techniques: dehydrothermal crosslinking alone and dehydrothermal crosslinking plus EDC (1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide) chemistry. It was found that both crosslinking techniques resulted in the same rate of elution of GAG from fabricated scaffolds. The third goal was achieved with various techniques. Viability was tested using fluorescent cellular stains and evaluating cell health over time. A proliferation assay was used to measure growth. Both tests confirmed that cells remained alive and proliferated two weeks after seeding. Histology was used to examine cell proliferation and migration. Histology sections revealed that at lower cell seeding densities, cell preferred to stay near the surface of the scaffolds and remain in… Advisors/Committee Members: Krebs, Melissa D. (advisor), Pantcheva, Mina (advisor), Cash, Kevin J. (committee member), Schoonmaker, Judy (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: trabecular meshwork; tissue engineering; in vitro model; collagen; Tissue scaffolds; Collagen; Glycosaminoglycans; Tissue engineering; Scanning electron microscopy; Glaucoma

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APA (6^th Edition):

Bernier, S. (2015). Uniaxially aligned, porous collagen-GAG scaffolds for in vitro modeling of trabecular meshwork. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/17113

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bernier, Sarah. “Uniaxially aligned, porous collagen-GAG scaffolds for in vitro modeling of trabecular meshwork.” 2015. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/17113.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bernier, Sarah. “Uniaxially aligned, porous collagen-GAG scaffolds for in vitro modeling of trabecular meshwork.” 2015. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Bernier S. Uniaxially aligned, porous collagen-GAG scaffolds for in vitro modeling of trabecular meshwork. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/17113.

Council of Science Editors:

Bernier S. Uniaxially aligned, porous collagen-GAG scaffolds for in vitro modeling of trabecular meshwork. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/17113

Colorado School of Mines

4. Czarny, Ryan S. Monitoring cellular response to biomaterials.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Chemistry and Geochemistry, 2016, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170237

► Cellular response, and monitoring that response, is a widely studied field and includes cellular interactions with inorganic, organic, and biological materials [1]. For the most… (more)

▼ Cellular response, and monitoring that response, is a widely studied field and includes cellular interactions with inorganic, organic, and biological materials [1]. For the most part, cellular response studies examine the proliferation, differentiation, function, and migration of cells in various environments [2]. Viability and proliferation can indicate a stable cellular system, but that is not always the case. This study examines a new method that could be employed to measure the concentration of molecules present in a cellular environment that could influence their behavior. The first part of this thesis examines the growth and differentiation of osteogenic cells on a bioglass product that was fabricated from recycled food waste products [3]. Multiple aspects of cellular response were monitored including their proliferation, viability, enzyme production, and mineral deposition while on the material and cultured under both standard and osteogenic conditions. Likely due to leaching of minerals from the bioglass product, the cellular differentiation response was difficult to interpret, and demonstrated that the microenvironments of the system needed to be taken into account. Thus, a new method for the detection of small molecules within a cell culture system was investigated to further study the cellular microenvironment, using pH-sensing nanofibers [5,6]. The second part of this thesis investigates the use of pH sensing nanofibers to observe the shift in pH of three dimensional hydrogel cell culture systems over time. E. coli was also introduced to the system to study how a simulated infection could cause a shift in pH and verify the response from the nanofibers. Throughout testing, the nanofibers performed as predicted, with an increase in fluorescence indicating a decrease in pH. This work sheds light on the observation of cellular responses to their microenvironment and develops a new tool that could be used to monitor cell culture systems. Advisors/Committee Members: Krebs, Melissa D. (advisor), Trewyn, Brian (advisor), Falconer, Renee L. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: bioglass; biomaterials; pH nanofibers

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APA (6^th Edition):

Czarny, R. S. (2016). Monitoring cellular response to biomaterials. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170237

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Czarny, Ryan S. “Monitoring cellular response to biomaterials.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170237.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Czarny, Ryan S. “Monitoring cellular response to biomaterials.” 2016. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Czarny RS. Monitoring cellular response to biomaterials. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170237.

Council of Science Editors:

Czarny RS. Monitoring cellular response to biomaterials. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170237

Colorado School of Mines

5. Slingsby, Jason G. Computational analysis of complex systems: alpha-3-beta-2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and type I and II silicon clathrates.

Degree: MS(M.S.), Chemical and Biological Engineering, 2014, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/17013

► Computational simulations allow for the detailed study of complex systems and allow the opportunity to provide insight and understanding on the molecular level. The motivation… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: silicon clathrate; nicotinic acetylcholine receptor; molecular dynamics; Acetylcholine – Receptors; Nicotinic receptors; Clathrate compounds; Molecular dynamics; Ligand binding (Biochemistry)

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APA (6^th Edition):

Slingsby, J. G. (2014). Computational analysis of complex systems: alpha-3-beta-2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and type I and II silicon clathrates. (Masters Thesis). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/17013

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Slingsby, Jason G. “Computational analysis of complex systems: alpha-3-beta-2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and type I and II silicon clathrates.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/17013.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Slingsby, Jason G. “Computational analysis of complex systems: alpha-3-beta-2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and type I and II silicon clathrates.” 2014. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Slingsby JG. Computational analysis of complex systems: alpha-3-beta-2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and type I and II silicon clathrates. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2014. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/17013.

Council of Science Editors:

Slingsby JG. Computational analysis of complex systems: alpha-3-beta-2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and type I and II silicon clathrates. [Masters Thesis]. Colorado School of Mines; 2014. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/17013

Colorado School of Mines

6. Liu, Ye. Effect of bulky cations on the function and stability of anion exchange membranes.

Degree: PhD, Chemical and Biological Engineering, 2016, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170427

► A major advantage of alkaline fuel cells (AFCs), relative to well-established acidic fuel cells, is their enhanced reaction kinetics permitting the use of less costly,… (more)

▼ A major advantage of alkaline fuel cells (AFCs), relative to well-established acidic fuel cells, is their enhanced reaction kinetics permitting the use of less costly, non-noble-metal catalysts. Developing anion exchange membranes (AEMs) for AFCs that are stable under high pH operating conditions is a significant challenge. Insufficient stability of the widely used quaternary ammonium (QA) cation is the main reason attenuate membranes lifetime. Ion conduction in AEMs is intrinsically slower than in proton exchange membranes is another factor impedes AEMs wide-scale application. Therefore, developing bulky cations with enhanced electronegativity and steric hindrance, and understanding the water/ion transport of the bulky cation functionalized AEMs were the focus of this thesis. In this work, three bulky cations attached to random copolymers were investigated in regard to OH- stability, water absorption, morphology, ion conduction, and water transport. A study of 1,4,5-trimethyl-2-(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl) imidazolium functionalized polyphenylene oxide (PPO) indicated the attachment of 2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl groups to unmodified imidazolium improved OH- stability due to electron donating and bulk steric effect. Membranes with two ion exchange capacities (IECs) were studied showing high IEC sample (IEC=1.8 mmol/g) had a higher conductivity (23 mS/cm at 95% RH and 90°C) via increasing anion concentration. Different IECs also gave rise to membranes with different morphology and transport behavior. Study on phosphonium cation attached by three hydrophobic 2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl groups suggested a method to enhance chemical stability as well as reduce water uptake. In this section, different solvents selected by Hansen solubility parameter were used to maximize membrane phase separation. As expected, the optimal mixed solvent (DMSO: ethyl lactate by 41:59 vol%) cast membrane showed highest conductivity, and transports among membranes cast from different solvents are varied. Cobaltocenium, with an 18 electron inert structure had highest chemical stability. By studying random and crosslinked membranes, we have obtained in-depth understanding of polymer configuration influence on membrane property. Crosslinked network impeded ion transport resulting in a smaller conductivity than random polymer. Also crosslinked membrane followed a water mediate transport instead of polymer chain movement dominated transport due to the crosslinked network hindered polymer chains movement. Advisors/Committee Members: Herring, Andrew M. (advisor), Liberatore, Matthew W. (advisor), Maupin, C. Mark (committee member), Krebs, Melissa D. (committee member), Trewyn, Brian (committee member).

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APA (6^th Edition):

Liu, Y. (2016). Effect of bulky cations on the function and stability of anion exchange membranes. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170427

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Liu, Ye. “Effect of bulky cations on the function and stability of anion exchange membranes.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170427.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Liu, Ye. “Effect of bulky cations on the function and stability of anion exchange membranes.” 2016. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Liu Y. Effect of bulky cations on the function and stability of anion exchange membranes. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170427.

Council of Science Editors:

Liu Y. Effect of bulky cations on the function and stability of anion exchange membranes. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170427

Colorado School of Mines

7. Deodhar, Gauri V. Loading and release of large protein molecules and separation of lanthanides using mesoporous materials.

Degree: PhD, Chemistry, 2018, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172572

► Protein therapeutics are promising candidates for disease treatment due to their high specificity and minimal adverse side effects; however, targeted protein delivery to specific sites… (more)

▼ Protein therapeutics are promising candidates for disease treatment due to their high specificity and minimal adverse side effects; however, targeted protein delivery to specific sites has proven challenging. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) have demonstrated to be ideal candidates for this application, given their high loading capacity, biocompatibility, and ability to protect host molecules from degradation. These materials exhibit tunable pore sizes, shapes and volumes, and surfaces which can be easily functionalized. This serves to control the movement of molecules in and out of the pores, thus entrapping guest molecules until a specific stimulus triggers release. The benefits of using MSN as protein therapeutic carriers will be covered, demonstrating that there is great diversity in the ways MSN can be used to service proteins. Methods for controlling the physical dimensions of pores via synthetic conditions, applications of therapeutic protein loaded MSN materials in cancer therapies, delivering protein loaded MSN materials to plant cells using biolistic methods, and common stimuli-responsive functionalities will be discussed. New and exciting strategies for controlled release of proteins will also be covered. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) with enlarged pores were prepared and characterized, and reversibly dissociated subunits of large protein molecules such Concanavalin A were entrapped in the mesopores, as shown by multiple biochemical and material characterizations. When loaded in the MSN, we demonstrated protein stability from proteases and, upon release, the subunits re-associated into active proteins. We have demonstrated a versatile and facile method to load homomeric proteins into MSN with potential applications in enhancing the delivery of large therapeutic proteins. Similarly dissociated Yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) can be loaded into MSN and regain activity upon release. This shows our method can be extended to multi-subunit enzymes as well as proteins. Adjacent lanthanides are among the most challenging elements to separate, to the extent that current separations materials would benefit from transformative improvement. Ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) materials are excellent candidates, owing to their small mesh size and uniform morphology. Herein, two OMC materials were physisorbed with bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (HDEHP) and the relationships between surface areas, pore sizes, and recovery performance were explored using a 152/154Eu radiotracer. The HDEHP-OMC materials displayed higher distribution coefficients and loading capacities than current state-of-the-art materials. Advisors/Committee Members: Trewyn, Brian (advisor), Shafer, Jenifer C. (committee member), Posewitz, Matthew C. (committee member), Krebs, Melissa D. (committee member).

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APA (6^th Edition):

Deodhar, G. V. (2018). Loading and release of large protein molecules and separation of lanthanides using mesoporous materials. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172572

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Deodhar, Gauri V. “Loading and release of large protein molecules and separation of lanthanides using mesoporous materials.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172572.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Deodhar, Gauri V. “Loading and release of large protein molecules and separation of lanthanides using mesoporous materials.” 2018. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Deodhar GV. Loading and release of large protein molecules and separation of lanthanides using mesoporous materials. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172572.

Council of Science Editors:

Deodhar GV. Loading and release of large protein molecules and separation of lanthanides using mesoporous materials. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172572

Colorado School of Mines

8. Sylman, Joanna. Development of vascular injury models to measure the interactions between platelets, endothelial cells and nitric oxide under physiological flow conditions.

Degree: PhD, Chemical and Biological Engineering, 2015, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/20171

► The formation of a stable clot is a balance between pro- and antithrombotic biochemical mechanisms coupled to biophysical mechanisms mediated by local hemodynamics. A disruption… (more)

▼ The formation of a stable clot is a balance between pro- and antithrombotic biochemical mechanisms coupled to biophysical mechanisms mediated by local hemodynamics. A disruption in this balance leads to excessive clotting, or thrombosis, which is the leading cause of death in the United States. Blood clots form at the site of a vascular injury by platelet adhesion, activation, and aggregation coupled to a network of reactions called coagulation. Endothelial cells (EC) that line blood vessels also help regulate clot formation by secretion of platelet inhibitors such as nitric oxide (NO), supporting the activated protein C anticoagulation pathway, and expression of adhesive ligands that promote blood cell adhesion. The relative roles of these EC-mediated pro- and antithrombotic pathways for different types of injuries and in different vascular beds are largely unknown, despite detailed knowledge of the biochemistry and molecular biology of these pathways. Specifically, there is little known about the distribution of EC-secreted platelet inhibitor at the site of a focal injury, and how the transport of those inhibitors is influenced by blood flow. In this thesis, microfluidic vascular injury models and the finite element method were used to measure and model how the spatial and temporal distribution of NO and EC activation affect platelet function. NO is a free radical synthesized and released by the endothelium in a shear stress dependent manner that modulates platelet function. The flux of NO at the site of an injury is unknown. In my first study, synthetic NO-releasing polymers were used to mimic endothelial function, in which the NO flux was decoupled from the shear stress. I studied collagen-mediated platelet adhesion and aggregation over a range of physiological shear rates and NO fluxes. NO was found to induce measureable inhibition of platelet aggregation at fluxes of 0.33× 10-10 mol cm-2 min-1 to 2.5× 10-10 mol cm-2 min-1 at shear rates of 200-500 s-1. A computational model of NO transport was developed to determine the mass transfer limitations of NO in mediating platelet inhibition. The NO distribution was found to be reaction limited in the platelet rich layer, formed when RBC develop a core and there is margination of platelets to the vessel wall, and transport limited in the RBC core. The outcome of this study was the first report to isolate the shear rate dependent effect of NO on platelet aggregation. It is generally accepted that NO inhibition of platelets occurs primarily through soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC)-dependent pathways. But, recent studies suggested that sGC-independent mechanisms might also mediate inhibition at millimolar NO donor concentration. In this study, I used the NO-releasing polymer system described above to determine the relative role of sGC dependent and independent signaling. Platelets treated with a small molecule inhibitor of sGC showed the existence of an independent pathway at an NO flux of 6.8×10-10 mol cm-2 min-1 at 200-500 s-1 which corresponded to an NO concentration of… Advisors/Committee Members: Neeves, Keith B. (advisor), Dorgan, John R. (committee member), Reynolds, Melissa M. (committee member), Krebs, Melissa D. (committee member), Liang, Hongjun (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: endothelium; nitric oxide; thrombosis; hemostasis; biotransport; platelet

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APA (6^th Edition):

Sylman, J. (2015). Development of vascular injury models to measure the interactions between platelets, endothelial cells and nitric oxide under physiological flow conditions. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/20171

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sylman, Joanna. “Development of vascular injury models to measure the interactions between platelets, endothelial cells and nitric oxide under physiological flow conditions.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/20171.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sylman, Joanna. “Development of vascular injury models to measure the interactions between platelets, endothelial cells and nitric oxide under physiological flow conditions.” 2015. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Sylman J. Development of vascular injury models to measure the interactions between platelets, endothelial cells and nitric oxide under physiological flow conditions. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2015. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/20171.

Council of Science Editors:

Sylman J. Development of vascular injury models to measure the interactions between platelets, endothelial cells and nitric oxide under physiological flow conditions. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2015. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/20171

Colorado School of Mines

9. Smith, Patrizia P. Synthesis of poly(lactide)-based amphiphilic block copolymers and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for bone tissue engineering applications.

Degree: PhD, Chemistry, 2018, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172825

► Due to the drawbacks associated with traditionally used bone substitutes, such as autografts and allografts, the field of tissue engineering, regenerative medicine and biomaterials science… (more)

▼ Due to the drawbacks associated with traditionally used bone substitutes, such as autografts and allografts, the field of tissue engineering, regenerative medicine and biomaterials science has recently come to the forefront with new strategies for bone repair and de novo tissue formation. Current research has focused on employing bionanocomposites composed of polymers, such as poly(lactide) (PLA), and inorganic calcium phosphate ceramics, such as hydroxyapatite (HA). These hybrid materials benefit from combining biodegradability, biocompatibility, bioactivity, and other advantageous scaffold properties to better mimic biological and structural characteristics of native bone. With this in mind, the work presented in this dissertation focuses on the synthesis of well-controlled PLA homopolymers, as well as amphiphilic block copolymers. This was achieved via the ring opening polymerization (ROP) of lactide using an organocatalyst and the successful combination of ROP of lactide and the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) ethyl ether methacrylate (PEGEEMA) using a novel heterofunctional initiator/chain transfer agent (inifer). Comprehensive kinetics studies also provided valuable insights into the factors influencing the synthesis of well-defined block copolymers. These polymers were then successfully processed into fibrous scaffolds using electrospinning techniques and the different parameters affecting fiber formation and morphology were investigated. In addition, the prepared scaffolds were evaluated in terms of overall hydrophilicity, in vitro performance, and biodegradation behavior. Furthermore, a hydrothermal synthesis approach was employed to produce well-defined HA nanoparticles with tunable sizes that can be used in biomimetic nanocomposite scaffolds. Lastly, the surface modification of the HA nanoparticles was investigated via a grafting-from approach using the ROP of lactide, as well as via the use of a poly(dopamine) coating. Overall, the results presented in this dissertation provide important mechanistic insights into the successful synthesis of well-controlled amphiphilic block copolymers and also contribute to developing facile methods to prepare biomimetic HA nanoparticles and biodegradable fiber scaffolds. The findings also further highlight the importance of polymer and nanoparticle-containing bionanocomposite scaffolds, which have the potential to greatly improve the treatment of bone defects and bone loss. Advisors/Committee Members: Boyes, Stephen G. (advisor), Krebs, Melissa D. (committee member), Posewitz, Matthew C. (committee member), Trewyn, Brian (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: electrospinning; scaffolds; amphiphilic block copolymers; tissue engineering; poly(lactide)

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APA (6^th Edition):

Smith, P. P. (2018). Synthesis of poly(lactide)-based amphiphilic block copolymers and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for bone tissue engineering applications. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172825

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Smith, Patrizia P. “Synthesis of poly(lactide)-based amphiphilic block copolymers and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for bone tissue engineering applications.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172825.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Smith, Patrizia P. “Synthesis of poly(lactide)-based amphiphilic block copolymers and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for bone tissue engineering applications.” 2018. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Smith PP. Synthesis of poly(lactide)-based amphiphilic block copolymers and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for bone tissue engineering applications. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172825.

Council of Science Editors:

Smith PP. Synthesis of poly(lactide)-based amphiphilic block copolymers and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for bone tissue engineering applications. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172825

Colorado School of Mines

10. Fletcher, Nathan A. Controlling antibody delivery, mechanical properties, and cell response of alginate-chitosan polyelectrolyte complexes.

Degree: PhD, Chemical and Biological Engineering, 2017, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172009

► Therapeutic antibodies have become attractive treatment options for numerous diseases, including various cancers, based on their ability to target and bind to specific proteins or… (more)

▼ Therapeutic antibodies have become attractive treatment options for numerous diseases, including various cancers, based on their ability to target and bind to specific proteins or antigens. The antiangiogenic antibody, bevacizumab, targets and binds to VEGF to prevent angiogenesis. Bevacizumab has been approved for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma, with concurrent radiation and chemotherapy, however the clinical efficacy of bevacizumab is still debated. As a large molecule therapeutic, bevacizumab cannot readily cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) to reach the tumor site. A local, injectable biopolymer delivery system that provided controlled, sustained release of bevacizumab directly to the tumor site would have significant advantages to intravenous administration. In this thesis, biodegradable polysaccharides were used to develop an injectable delivery system for sustained release of therapeutic antibodies. The anionic polysaccharide alginate and cationic polysaccharide chitosan readily form ionic bonds in solution to form a polyelectrolyte complex (PEC). It was demonstrated that the release rate of non-specific IgG antibody could be tailored by altering the ratio of alginate to chitosan or the concentration of CaSO4 in the PEC, with the 50:50 alginate-chitosan PEC having a sustained release of IgG for up to 7 weeks. It is believed that the sustained release of IgG was a result of electrostatic interactions between the antibodies and the chitosan chains in the PEC. Based on these initial release studies, a PEC was designed to target a 30-day release of anti-VEGF antibody (bevacizumab) and the released antibody was shown to inhibit VEGF induced proliferation and angiogenesis in vitro in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The alginate-chitosan PEC delivery system shows tremendous promise for local, sustained release of therapeutic antibodies. iv It was also discovered that the mechanical properties of the alginate-chitosan PECs can be tailored by altering gelation temperature or ionic interactions within the complex. Increasing gelation temperature from 37°C to 50°C increased the storage modulus of the gel 6.5-fold. The stiffer gel, formed at 50°C, demonstrated increased cell proliferation, indicating manipulation of hydrogel mechanical properties could effectively alter biological response. It was also observed that gel stiffness increase as chitosan content was reduced when a glutamate counterion was present in the PEC. It is believed that the glutamate counterion fundamentally alters PEC formation, resulting in different mechanical behavior. Advisors/Committee Members: Krebs, Melissa D. (advisor), Neeves, Keith B. (committee member), Marr, David W. M. (committee member), Trewyn, Brian (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: antibody; controlled release; polyelectrolyte complex; chitosan; alginate; mechanical properties

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APA (6^th Edition):

Fletcher, N. A. (2017). Controlling antibody delivery, mechanical properties, and cell response of alginate-chitosan polyelectrolyte complexes. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172009

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Fletcher, Nathan A. “Controlling antibody delivery, mechanical properties, and cell response of alginate-chitosan polyelectrolyte complexes.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172009.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Fletcher, Nathan A. “Controlling antibody delivery, mechanical properties, and cell response of alginate-chitosan polyelectrolyte complexes.” 2017. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Fletcher NA. Controlling antibody delivery, mechanical properties, and cell response of alginate-chitosan polyelectrolyte complexes. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172009.

Council of Science Editors:

Fletcher NA. Controlling antibody delivery, mechanical properties, and cell response of alginate-chitosan polyelectrolyte complexes. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172009

Colorado School of Mines

11. Lehmann, Marcus. Biophysical mechanisms regulating Von Willebrand disease, arterial thrombosis, and deep vein thrombosis in microfluidic models of vascular injury.

Degree: PhD, Chemical and Biological Engineering, 2017, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/171603

► Thrombus formation is regulated by biophysical mechanisms in ways that are not fully understood. Platelets are transported to injuries at rates that depend not only… (more)

▼ Thrombus formation is regulated by biophysical mechanisms in ways that are not fully understood. Platelets are transported to injuries at rates that depend not only on the bulk flow, but also collisions with red blood cells (RBC). Their ability to tether to the subendothelium depends on shear stresses at the injury and can be impaired by deficiencies in Von Willebrand factor (VWF). The subsequent rate of fibrin formation is a function of the mass transfer of coagulation factors and of surface reaction rates. In this thesis, I detail studies of these biophysical mechanisms using microfluidic models of arterial thrombosis and a novel venous thrombosis model. In a flow chamber, I perfused whole blood from patients presenting with clinical bleeding over collagen. I found that at elevated shear rates, platelet accumulation was sensitive to VWF deficiencies in patients with low VWF levels and type I Von Willebrand Disease (VWD). From the assay, I was able to discriminate type I VWD patients from healthy controls, suggesting that microfluidic technologies can be adapted into a clinical setting. Using a low Reynolds number microfluidic mixer I developed, I showed that a clinically relevant increase in hematocrit increased platelet accumulation but not fibrin formation on a fibrillar collagen surface at an arterial shear rate. In concert with in vivo and in silico data, this result suggests that an elevated hematocrit increases the contact time platelets have with a growing thrombus, leading to more bond formations and an accelerated thrombus growth. This result provides a rationale for antiplatelet therapy for patients exhibited elevated hematocrit. Venous thrombosis is less characterized than arterial thrombosis. To my knowledge, I created the first microfluidic system that includes secondary flows and coagulation as a way to model the propagation of a venous thrombus out of a valve pocket. While traditionally thought of as a coagulation dependent system, my model shows the critical importance of platelets and platelet-RBC collisions in this propagation. This study justifies antiplatelet therapy for deep vein thrombosis, and provides a novel framework for future mechanistic studies of platelet activation and function in venous thrombosis. Advisors/Committee Members: Neeves, Keith B. (advisor), Spear, John R. (committee member), Krebs, Melissa D. (committee member), Marr, David W. M. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: thrombosis; Von Willebrand; venous thrombosis; microfluidics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Lehmann, M. (2017). Biophysical mechanisms regulating Von Willebrand disease, arterial thrombosis, and deep vein thrombosis in microfluidic models of vascular injury. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/171603

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lehmann, Marcus. “Biophysical mechanisms regulating Von Willebrand disease, arterial thrombosis, and deep vein thrombosis in microfluidic models of vascular injury.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/171603.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lehmann, Marcus. “Biophysical mechanisms regulating Von Willebrand disease, arterial thrombosis, and deep vein thrombosis in microfluidic models of vascular injury.” 2017. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Lehmann M. Biophysical mechanisms regulating Von Willebrand disease, arterial thrombosis, and deep vein thrombosis in microfluidic models of vascular injury. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/171603.

Council of Science Editors:

Lehmann M. Biophysical mechanisms regulating Von Willebrand disease, arterial thrombosis, and deep vein thrombosis in microfluidic models of vascular injury. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/171603

Colorado School of Mines

12. Colomb, Warren A. Towards quantification of cell-extracellular matrix interactions in tissue models using light sheet microscopy.

Degree: PhD, Physics, 2018, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172357

► This thesis works towards the development of quantitative in vitro tissue models. The absence of quantitative three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models is a bottleneck in… (more)

▼ This thesis works towards the development of quantitative in vitro tissue models. The absence of quantitative three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models is a bottleneck in drug discovery and tissue engineering. To address this challenge, we intend to exploit the inherent randomness of cellular distributions to gain insights into cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions. To achieve this goal, we need to first extract information from noisy data, correct for microscope drift, image thick 3D tissue models, and quantify random cellular distributions. This thesis has been organized into six chapters. Chapter one serves as an overview of the thesis, and provides the necessary background. Chapter two provides our work on noisy data analysis in the context of a detailed literature review. Chapter three presents a new method of estimating mechanical drift of microscopes, which utilizes an improved maximum likelihood method. Our method was shown to be valid in the presence of Gaussian and non-Gaussian noise to estimate the drift with both accuracy and precision within the range 1.55 5.75 nm. Chapter four presents our design and application of a lens-based light sheet microscope, which was used to image fluorescent beads and fluorescently labeled cells in agarose and alginate matrices with 3-micron depth resolution throughout a 1 cm thick sample. Our subcellular resolution across centimeter thick samples fills a niche area that has not been addressed by other microscope designs. Cellular distributions were modeled as a Poisson process, a process that has a constant probability of occurring in space or time. We hypothesize that if we start from a perfectly random tissue model, the underlying interactions of cells with the ECM will lead to deviations from a perfect Poisson process. These deviations will serve as quantitative biomarkers to define and characterize the tissue models. Chapter five discusses the preliminary results and issues on time resolved imaging of cellular distributions with the light sheet microscope. Finally, Chapter six presents future work, which builds on the techniques described in this thesis, towards quantifying Cell-ECM interactions. Advisors/Committee Members: Sarkar, Susanta K. (advisor), Krebs, Melissa D. (committee member), Squier, Jeff A. (committee member), Durfee, Charles G. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: extracellular matrix; microscopy; drift; single molecule; lightsheet

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APA (6^th Edition):

Colomb, W. A. (2018). Towards quantification of cell-extracellular matrix interactions in tissue models using light sheet microscopy. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172357

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Colomb, Warren A. “Towards quantification of cell-extracellular matrix interactions in tissue models using light sheet microscopy.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172357.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Colomb, Warren A. “Towards quantification of cell-extracellular matrix interactions in tissue models using light sheet microscopy.” 2018. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Colomb WA. Towards quantification of cell-extracellular matrix interactions in tissue models using light sheet microscopy. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172357.

Council of Science Editors:

Colomb WA. Towards quantification of cell-extracellular matrix interactions in tissue models using light sheet microscopy. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172357

Colorado School of Mines

13. Hu, Yue. Measurements and modeling of gas hydrates formation in inhibited systems: high pressure, high salinity, and mixture of inhibitors.

Degree: PhD, Chemical and Biological Engineering, 2018, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172798

► As energy demands continuously increase, oil and gas fields delve into ultra-deep water, which leads to severe operating conditions in terms of pressure, temperature, and… (more)

▼ As energy demands continuously increase, oil and gas fields delve into ultra-deep water, which leads to severe operating conditions in terms of pressure, temperature, and water salinity. These conditions pose significant flow assurance challenges, especially gas hydrate formation and scale deposition. Reliable prediction of hydrate phase equilibrium at extreme conditions, in terms of high salinity and high pressure, is necessary for development and operations in ultra-deep water oil and gas production. However, according to the literature review, no open literature studies exist for the hydrate phase equilibria in brine systems above 69 MPa (10,000 psia) due to the challenges associated with experimental designs, safety issues and pitting corrosion problems. As a result, current hydrate prediction tools commonly used are not fully benchmarked and become unreliable at the extreme conditions of very high pressure and high salinity. In this study, experimental data on methane hydrate phase equilibria containing electrolytes, sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) were measured for concentrations up to about 10 wt% at pressure below 10.3 MPa through both isochoric and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method with stepwise heating. The results from both methods show good agreement with each other, which proves the accuracy and reliability of experimental methods and measurements. Moreover, the effect of the cation in the electrolyte on the hydrate inhibition strength is identied through the measurements, showing that hydrate inhibition strength by the sodium cation was slightly stronger than that of potassium and ammonium cations due to smaller ionic size for Na+. With validating the reliability of both methods used for measurement of hydrate phase equilibria and identifying the limitation of DSC method in salt concentration, a unique system capable to operate up to 207 MPa has been designed and set up considering safety issues and corrosion problems to measure hydrate dissociation conditions with isochoric method. Due to no data in open literature, the measurements of both structure I and structure II hydrate in single and mixed salts, including NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, MgCl2 and CaBr2, as well as mixed organic inhibitor and salts, such as MEG and CaBr2, become valuable for benchmarking existing prediction tools and improving prediction methods. In addition, the increased stability of methane hydrate at high pressure is discovered through the measurement of methane hydrate phase equilibria with fresh water. It is explained and understood by studying the effect of pressure on macroscopic and microscopic properties of water, methane gas and hydrate through both thermodynamic calculations and molecular simulations. As the interplay of hydrates and salt precipitation is fundamentally important due to the possible co-precipitation of two solids, both phase behavior and kinetics for gas hydrates formation/dissociation are studied by the developed experimental system. The measurements of… Advisors/Committee Members: Sum, Amadeu K. (advisor), Sampaio, Jorge (committee member), Krebs, Melissa D. (committee member), Carreon, Moises A. (committee member), Rao, Ishan (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: hydrate; oil and gas; ultra-high pressure; hydrate stability; high salinity; phase equilibira

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hu, Y. (2018). Measurements and modeling of gas hydrates formation in inhibited systems: high pressure, high salinity, and mixture of inhibitors. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172798

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hu, Yue. “Measurements and modeling of gas hydrates formation in inhibited systems: high pressure, high salinity, and mixture of inhibitors.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172798.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hu, Yue. “Measurements and modeling of gas hydrates formation in inhibited systems: high pressure, high salinity, and mixture of inhibitors.” 2018. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Hu Y. Measurements and modeling of gas hydrates formation in inhibited systems: high pressure, high salinity, and mixture of inhibitors. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172798.

Council of Science Editors:

Hu Y. Measurements and modeling of gas hydrates formation in inhibited systems: high pressure, high salinity, and mixture of inhibitors. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172798

Colorado School of Mines

14. Moran, Christopher S. Design and characterization of bio-based polymer blends and composites.

Degree: PhD, Chemical and Biological Engineering, 2017, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/171825

► Synthetic polymers derived from renewable resources offer opportunities to improve sustainability. Compared to their fossil fuel based counterparts, bio-based polymers may be designed to meet… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: biopolymers; polylactide; thermoset; composites; bioplastics; sustainability

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APA (6^th Edition):

Moran, C. S. (2017). Design and characterization of bio-based polymer blends and composites. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/171825

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Moran, Christopher S. “Design and characterization of bio-based polymer blends and composites.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/171825.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Moran, Christopher S. “Design and characterization of bio-based polymer blends and composites.” 2017. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Moran CS. Design and characterization of bio-based polymer blends and composites. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2017. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/171825.

Council of Science Editors:

Moran CS. Design and characterization of bio-based polymer blends and composites. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2017. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/171825

Colorado School of Mines

15. Osmond, Matthew J. Implementation of biomaterials to study and control complex cell behaviors.

Degree: PhD, Chemical and Biological Engineering, 2019, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173274

► Biomedical research has led to many advancements in healthcare for the treatment, diagnosis and monitoring of many diseases. Tissue engineering is a discipline within biomedical… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: glaucoma; tissue engineering; pulp capping; bone grafts

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APA (6^th Edition):

Osmond, M. J. (2019). Implementation of biomaterials to study and control complex cell behaviors. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173274

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Osmond, Matthew J. “Implementation of biomaterials to study and control complex cell behaviors.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173274.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Osmond, Matthew J. “Implementation of biomaterials to study and control complex cell behaviors.” 2019. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Osmond MJ. Implementation of biomaterials to study and control complex cell behaviors. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173274.

Council of Science Editors:

Osmond MJ. Implementation of biomaterials to study and control complex cell behaviors. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173274

Colorado School of Mines

16. Wang, Yan. Development and application of hydrate formation, transportation and bedding models in liquid-dominated systems, The.

Degree: PhD, Chemical and Biological Engineering, 2019, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173265

► Flow assurance has emerged as a technical discipline that focuses on the design of safe and secure operation techniques for uninterrupted transportation of reservoir fluids… (more)

▼ Flow assurance has emerged as a technical discipline that focuses on the design of safe and secure operation techniques for uninterrupted transportation of reservoir fluids in the flowlines. Flow assurance includes various subjects related to the formation of solids, such as asphaltene, wax, scale and hydrate control and management. Gas hydrates are ice-like solid compounds composed of water cavities filled with small gas molecules. Under thermodynamically favorable conditions, gas hydrates can form rapidly in the pipelines and plug the pipeline within a relatively short timescale (i.e. a few hours to a few days), making it one of the major problems in the flow assurance industry. Hydrate plugs are not only a potential risk to safe production, but are also usually costly to locate and remove. Although there are ways to either avoid or control the hydrate formation in subsea pipelines, in order to understand hydrate formation at different operating conditions, a predictive tool for hydrate slurry transportation is critically required. The Center for Hydrate Research in the Colorado School of Mines has devoted large efforts to develop a transient hydrate simulation tool, CSMHyK, which stands for Colorado School of Mines Hydrate Kinetics. CSMHyK is coupled with a transient multiphase flow simulator and contains models for different flow systems. In oil-dominated systems, it is assumed that hydrate growth occurs at the interface of the dispersed water droplets and hydrate agglomeration is caused by the cohesive force between hydrate particles. If the fluid shear is not able to suspend the large hydrate agglomerates, they may bed at the bottom of the pipe. In water-dominated systems, hydrate formation is simplified to form only at the interface of the gas bubbles entrained in the water phase. In gas-dominated systems, hydrates form both on the surface of the gas bubbles in the water phase and on the water droplets entrained in the gas phase. Hydrates can also grow on the pipe wall surface due to water condensation and hydrate film growth. Once formed in the bulk gas phase, hydrate particles could deposit on the pipe wall due to adhesive forces. In this thesis work, CSMHyK has been modified to consider phase inversion from an oil- to a water-dominated system. The effective hydrate slurry viscosity has been modified to consider the contribution from both the hydrate and the emulsion dispersion. Thermodynamic inhibitor concentration changes due to hydrate formation are taken into account inside CSMHyK. CSMHyK models are validated by comparing predictions with the experimental results obtained from the University of Tulsa and ExxoMobil flowloops at different operating conditions, which include different liquid holdup, water cut, oil type, and mixture velocity. The modified CSMHyK has been applied to various field simulations and showed relatively good agreement with field data. Those fields include black oil and gas condensate subsea tiebacks as well as dry tree facilities. When applying CSMHyK to field simulations, it is… Advisors/Committee Members: Zerpa, Luis E. (advisor), Koh, Carolyn A. (Carolyn Ann) (advisor), Dugan, Brandon (committee member), Krebs, Melissa D. (committee member), Boyle, Nanette R. (committee member), Subramanian, Siva (committee member), Rivero, Mayela (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: field simulation; gas hydrates; bedding; modeling; flow assurance

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Wang, Y. (2019). Development and application of hydrate formation, transportation and bedding models in liquid-dominated systems, The. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173265

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wang, Yan. “Development and application of hydrate formation, transportation and bedding models in liquid-dominated systems, The.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173265.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wang, Yan. “Development and application of hydrate formation, transportation and bedding models in liquid-dominated systems, The.” 2019. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Wang Y. Development and application of hydrate formation, transportation and bedding models in liquid-dominated systems, The. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173265.

Council of Science Editors:

Wang Y. Development and application of hydrate formation, transportation and bedding models in liquid-dominated systems, The. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173265

Colorado School of Mines

17. Sepp, Lauren Anita. Running biomechanics for people with a unilateral transtibial amputation using running-specific and daily-use prostheses.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2019, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173991

► 8 in 10 people with an amputation desire to participate in physical activity, yet lack of prosthetic availability and inadequately designed prostheses are the primary… (more)

▼ 8 in 10 people with an amputation desire to participate in physical activity, yet lack of prosthetic availability and inadequately designed prostheses are the primary barriers for participation in sports and activities. Furthermore, the population of people with an amputation is predicted to more than double by the year 2050. Physical activity is beneficial for physical, social, and emotional health, and is important for maintaining a healthy lifestyle, especially for people who have had an amputation. Running-specific prostheses (RSPs) are designed for running and sprinting due to their large energy storage and return capabilities. However, RSPs are expensive and may not be covered by medical insurance. Therefore, if a person with an amputation wishes to run, they may do so using their daily-use prosthesis (DUP), which is not designed for highly dynamic activities. People with a unilateral transtibial amputation (TTA) have numerous biomechanical differences between the intact and amputated legs, and compared to people without TTA. TTA results in changes in joint kinetics, ground reaction forces, muscular coordination, and internal joint loading, which has been previously observed during walking. However, the effect of amputation together with the effect of prosthesis choice (DUP vs. RSP) and running speed have not been investigated among people with TTA during running. Characterizing the running biomechanics of people with TTA is important for understanding implications of device choice and amputation on outcomes related to overall functionality and long-term injury, which is prevalent for people with TTA. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to characterize the running biomechanics of people with TTA to understand the effect of prosthesis choice (RSP vs. DUP), the presence of an amputation, and running speed on coordination and injury risk. People with and without TTA ran at speeds ranging from 2.5 m/s to 5.0 m/s (10:44 min/mile - 5:21 min/mile) while kinematics, kinetics, and muscle activity were collected. Musculoskeletal models were developed to estimate internal hip joint contact forces. Compared to DUPs, the use of RSPs reduced the amount of compensatory amputated side hip work, increased device energy return, reduced total muscle activity, improved peak muscle activation timing, and reduced bilateral peak hip joint contact forces. Understanding the effects of amputation, prosthesis type, and running speed on metrics related to injury risk for people with TTA is important for informing device selection, providing evidence for medical insurance coverage, and improving long-term joint health outcomes. Outcomes from this research have the potential to improve device availability and ultimately, eliminate barriers for people with TTA to freely participate in running and sporting activities. Advisors/Committee Members: Silverman, Anne K. (advisor), Bach, Joel M. (committee member), Petrella, Anthony J. (committee member), Krebs, Melissa D. (committee member), Nelson-Wong, Erika (committee member), Baum, Brian S. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: biomechanics; running; prosthetics; amputation

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Sepp, L. A. (2019). Running biomechanics for people with a unilateral transtibial amputation using running-specific and daily-use prostheses. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173991

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sepp, Lauren Anita. “Running biomechanics for people with a unilateral transtibial amputation using running-specific and daily-use prostheses.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173991.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sepp, Lauren Anita. “Running biomechanics for people with a unilateral transtibial amputation using running-specific and daily-use prostheses.” 2019. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Sepp LA. Running biomechanics for people with a unilateral transtibial amputation using running-specific and daily-use prostheses. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2019. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173991.

Council of Science Editors:

Sepp LA. Running biomechanics for people with a unilateral transtibial amputation using running-specific and daily-use prostheses. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2019. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/173991

Colorado School of Mines

18. Khan, Muhammad N. Phase equilibria modeling of inhibited gas hydrate systems including salts: applications in flow assurance, seawater desalination and gas separation.

Degree: PhD, Chemical and Biological Engineering, 2016, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170013

► Accurate hydrate phase equilibria and vapor-liquid equilibria predictions are critical to the safe and economic design of flow assurance, gas processing, and seawater desalination technologies.… (more)

▼ Accurate hydrate phase equilibria and vapor-liquid equilibria predictions are critical to the safe and economic design of flow assurance, gas processing, and seawater desalination technologies. Inaccurate predictions of vapor-liquid equilibria can also lead to erroneous hydrate phase equilibria predictions. Hydrate phase equilibria predictions typically use the classical van der Waals and Platteeuw (vdWP) model based on statistical thermodynamics, with some modifications (e.g. CSMGem, with Gibbs Energy Minimization). In this thesis work, the vdWP model with Gibbs Energy Minimization algorithm was developed in Matlab. The developed algorithm was evaluated by first investigating the effect of hydrogen (H2) concentration on the phase equilibria of sH hydrate (i.e. H2O+CH4+H2+methylcyclohexane (MCH) quaternary systems). The predictions were shown to be in close agreement with experimental phase equilibria measurements. Cage occupancies of methane and hydrogen in sH hydrate were predicted to increase with increasing pressure, and the extent of occupation was found to be dependent on the methane: hydrogen ratio in the feed gas. Current hydrate phase equilibria predictions (using different models, e.g. CSMGem, Multiflash and PVTsim) for inhibited systems in subsea pipelines (with salts, e.g. NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, also thermodynamic hydrate inhibitors (THIs), e.g. methanol, monoethylene glycol) exhibit large errors. The unavailability of phase equilibria data and absence of an association equation of state in CSMGem leads to problems in predicting the phase equilibria of associating fluids and inhibited systems. Therefore, the current CSMGem model is not reliable for predicting these inhibited systems. Such thermodynamic calculations are critical to flow assurance and desalination process design. To overcome these limitations this work revisited the fluid model and a new fluid model is proposed for phase equilibria predictions; an association equation of state has been developed and applied to predict fluid phase properties for a wide range of hydrocarbons (low to high MWt), polar components and electrolytes (salts). Five parameters of the association equation of state were determined for the associating components by simultaneous minimization of absolute errors in saturated liquid densities and vapor pressures, with comparisons to experimental data. In order to predict the phase equilibria of gas hydrates without inhibitors, the proposed association equation of state needs to be tuned with vapor-liquid equilibria. In this thesis work experimental hydrate phase equilibria and vapor-liquid equilibria data (over a range of temperature, pressure and composition) were collated and utilized to tune the fluid and hydrate models. Binary interaction parameters were optimized for a range of hydrate formers, including methane, ethane, nitrogen and hydrogen in combination with all other available hydrocarbons. Different equations of state were also used to predict the vapor-liquid equilibria for mixtures of methane, ethane, nitrogen and… Advisors/Committee Members: Koh, Carolyn A. (Carolyn Ann) (advisor), Peters, Cor J. (advisor), Zerpa, Luis E. (committee member), Way, J. Douglas (committee member), Krebs, Melissa D. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: desalination; electrolyte; gas hydrates; gas separation; MSA; phase equilibria

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Khan, M. N. (2016). Phase equilibria modeling of inhibited gas hydrate systems including salts: applications in flow assurance, seawater desalination and gas separation. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170013

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Khan, Muhammad N. “Phase equilibria modeling of inhibited gas hydrate systems including salts: applications in flow assurance, seawater desalination and gas separation.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170013.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Khan, Muhammad N. “Phase equilibria modeling of inhibited gas hydrate systems including salts: applications in flow assurance, seawater desalination and gas separation.” 2016. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Khan MN. Phase equilibria modeling of inhibited gas hydrate systems including salts: applications in flow assurance, seawater desalination and gas separation. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2016. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170013.

Council of Science Editors:

Khan MN. Phase equilibria modeling of inhibited gas hydrate systems including salts: applications in flow assurance, seawater desalination and gas separation. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2016. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/170013

Colorado School of Mines

19. Divekar, Ashutosh G. Advanced perfluorinated anion exchange membrane polymers and their issues in electrochemical conversion devices.

Degree: PhD, Chemical and Biological Engineering, 2020, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/174176

► After decades of dedicated efforts in research and development of the polymer electrolyte membranes for electrochemical conversion devices, the technology is nearing their large-scale commercialization.… (more)

▼ After decades of dedicated efforts in research and development of the polymer electrolyte membranes for electrochemical conversion devices, the technology is nearing their large-scale commercialization. Improvements like utilization of thin mechanically supported membranes (< 15 μm), advanced Pt catalysts with enhanced activity have made the proton-exchange membrane class of polymers very attractive for vehicular fuel cell and other electrochemical conversion applications. However, with the increasing energy demand for the rapidly growing population high performing commercial devices with non-precious catalysts need further attention. Anion exchange membrane polymers perfectly fit this description due to its compatibility with the cheaper electrochemical catalysts. In this work, the potential of novel perfluorinated anion exchange membranes primarily for low-temperature fuel cell applications were tested. Three iterations of polymer membranes with a PTFE backbone were electrochemically, physiochemically, and morphologically characterized to conclude that the six-carbon alkyl spacer chain is the most promising candidate with a high ionic (OH-) conductivity. Ex-situ characterization of this class of polymers was performed to understand the interaction of the hydroxyl charge carrier with the atmospheric CO2 in the ambient air as in a commercial fuel cell device, ambient air is used as an oxidant. It was concluded that the CO2 not only interacts with the ionic domains of the polymer but also hampers the crystallinity of the backbone which could potentially lead to mechanical failures while operating for longer durations. From the knowledge gained from this study, a standard fuel cell device was tested to report the highest air-fed anion exchange membrane fuel cell performance to date (446 mW cm-2). For the first time, the segmented fuel cell hardware was used to understand the spatial differences in the anion exchange membrane fuel cell performance due to the variation in humidification, fuel or oxidant starvation and the durability issues. Over several days of operation, it was found that the cell degrades primarily in the feed inlet section due to difference in the hydration or water accumulation over the channel length. FTIR analysis was performed to prove that the chemical functionality of the membrane changes due to the fuel cell operation. The catalyst-ionomer interface was investigated using polymer dispersion spin-coated on model Si and Ag substrates. From the grazing incident x-ray scattering study, phenomenon like parallel polymer chain alignment with respect to the surface at a higher ionomer thickness and their variation with hydration and type of substrate was investigated. With increasing thickness, the film formation undergoes two transition regimes: formation of crystalline polymer domains followed by intra-molecular alignment of CF2 units within the polymer chain. It was also found that the silver surface is interacting strongly with the polymer. From the knowledge gained, it is recommended to design the… Advisors/Committee Members: Herring, Andrew M. (advisor), Koh, Carolyn A. (Carolyn Ann) (committee member), Krebs, Melissa D. (committee member), Samaniuk, Joseph R. (committee member), Pivovar, Bryan S. (committee member), Trewyn, Brian (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: catalyst-ionomer interaction; fuel cells; segmented fuel cell; CO2 absorption; anion exchange membranes; perfluorinated polymer

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Divekar, A. G. (2020). Advanced perfluorinated anion exchange membrane polymers and their issues in electrochemical conversion devices. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/174176

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Divekar, Ashutosh G. “Advanced perfluorinated anion exchange membrane polymers and their issues in electrochemical conversion devices.” 2020. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/174176.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Divekar, Ashutosh G. “Advanced perfluorinated anion exchange membrane polymers and their issues in electrochemical conversion devices.” 2020. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Divekar AG. Advanced perfluorinated anion exchange membrane polymers and their issues in electrochemical conversion devices. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2020. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/174176.

Council of Science Editors:

Divekar AG. Advanced perfluorinated anion exchange membrane polymers and their issues in electrochemical conversion devices. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2020. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/174176

Colorado School of Mines

20. Srivastava, Vishal. Quantitative risk modeling of gas hydrate bedding using mechanistic, statistical, and artificial neural network frameworks.

Degree: PhD, Chemical and Biological Engineering, 2018, Colorado School of Mines

URL: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172574

► Gas hydrates are crystalline compounds comprised of a network of hydrogen bonded water cages that can trap small gas molecules. These compounds are formed at… (more)

▼ Gas hydrates are crystalline compounds comprised of a network of hydrogen bonded water cages that can trap small gas molecules. These compounds are formed at the high pressure and low temperature conditions typically found in deep-water oil and gas pipelines. Gas hydrate formation in deep-water pipelines can lead to blockages, which can result in major environmental, safety, and economic hazards. This thesis focused on mitigating the formation of hydrate plugs in oil and gas pipelines. Specifically, the primary goal of this thesis work was to improve the understanding of hydrate bedding transitions by using three different approaches: mechanistic, statistical and machine learning (artificial neural networks, ANN). With the mechanistic approach, this thesis provided new insights into the important interconnection between partial water dispersion, agglomeration and hydrate bedding. This was achieved by developing a quantitative bedding framework that could consider water dispersion and agglomeration. A proposed model for the dispersion of water droplets in continuous oil phase systems included the prediction of the type and extent of water dispersion in a partially dispersed system; available literature models predicted the dispersion type (fully versus partially dispersed). In the statistical approach, 125 flowloop tests with approximately 5000 datapoints were analyzed and risk maps were generated. The analysis showed that linear regression models could be inadequate in predicting the hydrate plugging transitions in the flowloop. As an alternative, two initial Artificial Neural Network (ANN) based models (to account for nonlinear behavior of plugging transitions) were developed to quantify hydrate plugging risks. Mechanistic and ANN models developed during this thesis work could potentially aid in the development of an effective hydrate management strategy. Using the mechanistic approach, flowloop experiments performed using different oils indicated that hydrate agglomeration was intrinsically coupled to bedding. Additionally, large water droplets and partial water dispersion led to an early onset of bedding. Based on these two findings, a conceptual bedding framework was proposed by considering the effect of water dispersion and agglomeration. The new framework used a transient hydrate agglomeration model to generate a distribution of hydrate agglomerates as a function of droplet size distribution, particle cohesion force, shear and hydrate formation rate. The new mechanistic bedding framework predicted the onset of bedding with reasonable accuracy (coefficient of determination = 89%) for experiments performed at the ExxonMobil flowloop facility from 2014-16. Flowloop experiments showed that pressure drop due to fluid flow increased significantly after a certain hydrate concentration, defined as the plugging transition, which was considered a trigger point leading to hydrate bedding and plugging. Using the statistical approach, the flowloop hydrate plugging transitions were analyzed empirically using the pressure… Advisors/Committee Members: Koh, Carolyn A. (Carolyn Ann) (advisor), Zerpa, Luis E. (advisor), Wu, David T. (committee member), Carreon, Moises A. (committee member), Krebs, Melissa D. (committee member), Keinath, Brendon (committee member), Greaves, David (committee member), Eaton, Mike (committee member), Aman, Zachary M. (committee member).

Subjects/Keywords: hydrate bedding; probability of failure; statistical regression; partial water dispersion; artificial neural network; quantitative risk

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Srivastava, V. (2018). Quantitative risk modeling of gas hydrate bedding using mechanistic, statistical, and artificial neural network frameworks. (Doctoral Dissertation). Colorado School of Mines. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172574

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Srivastava, Vishal. “Quantitative risk modeling of gas hydrate bedding using mechanistic, statistical, and artificial neural network frameworks.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Colorado School of Mines. Accessed April 17, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172574.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Srivastava, Vishal. “Quantitative risk modeling of gas hydrate bedding using mechanistic, statistical, and artificial neural network frameworks.” 2018. Web. 17 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Srivastava V. Quantitative risk modeling of gas hydrate bedding using mechanistic, statistical, and artificial neural network frameworks. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2018. [cited 2021 Apr 17]. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172574.

Council of Science Editors:

Srivastava V. Quantitative risk modeling of gas hydrate bedding using mechanistic, statistical, and artificial neural network frameworks. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Colorado School of Mines; 2018. Available from: http://hdl.handle.net/11124/172574

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Open Access Theses and Dissertations