+publisher:"Clemson University" +contributor:("Dr. Richard Figliola")

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Clemson University

1. Farahmand, Masoud. Cavopulmonary Support for Failing Fontan Patients: Computational and In Vitro Assessment.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2019, Clemson University

URL: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/2571

► Congenital heart defects are responsible for the mortality of approximately 300,000 newborn each year. One study in 2010 estimated that over 2 million patients… (more)

▼ Congenital heart defects are responsible for the mortality of approximately 300,000 newborn each year. One study in 2010 estimated that over 2 million patients were living with congenital heart defects in the United States. Congenital heart defects have the highest hospitalization cost among other birth defect categories. The damage on the U.S economy in 2013 was estimated $6.1 billion. The most complex and severe form of these defects results in single ventricle physiology. Fortunately, over the last 50 years, these patients have been able to survive into adulthood as a result of three stages of surgeries culminating with Fontan operation. However, Fontan operation as the current ultimate palliation of single ventricle defects results in significant late complications. Fontan patients will eventually develop circulatory failure and are in desperate need of an immediate therapeutic solution. A rightsided device surgically placed in the cavopulmonary pathway could technically substitute the missing sub-pulmonary ventricle by generating a mild pressure boost. However, currently, there is no device specifically designed for this application due to the small market size. On the other hand, off-label use of an arterial pump (originally designed for left side application) for the cavopulmonary support remains challenging. This is because the hemodynamic impact of a ventricular assist device (VAD) implanted on the right circulation of a Fontan patient is not yet clear. Moreover, further research is needed to identify the physiological consequences of two clinically-considered surgical configurations (IVC and full assisted configurations) for the cavopulmonary VAD installation, with full and IVC support corresponding to the entire venous return or only the inferior venous return, respectively, being routed through the VAD. First objective of this thesis is surgical planning to accurately predict the outcome of cavopulmonary support in failing Fontan patients and findings of this study will help the surgeons in developing coherent clinical strategies for the cavopulmonary support implementation and tuning. Specific objective 2 will investigate the desired operating region for designing a cavopulmonary blood pump that can offer a promising alternative treatment option for a wide range of failing Fontan patients. Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. Ethan Kung, Committee Chair, Dr. Richard Figliola, Dr. Joshua Bostwick, Dr. Gregory Mocko.

Subjects/Keywords: Mechanical Engineering

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APA (6^th Edition):

Farahmand, M. (2019). Cavopulmonary Support for Failing Fontan Patients: Computational and In Vitro Assessment. (Doctoral Dissertation). Clemson University. Retrieved from https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/2571

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Farahmand, Masoud. “Cavopulmonary Support for Failing Fontan Patients: Computational and In Vitro Assessment.” 2019. Doctoral Dissertation, Clemson University. Accessed January 18, 2021. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/2571.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Farahmand, Masoud. “Cavopulmonary Support for Failing Fontan Patients: Computational and In Vitro Assessment.” 2019. Web. 18 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Farahmand M. Cavopulmonary Support for Failing Fontan Patients: Computational and In Vitro Assessment. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Clemson University; 2019. [cited 2021 Jan 18]. Available from: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/2571.

Council of Science Editors:

Farahmand M. Cavopulmonary Support for Failing Fontan Patients: Computational and In Vitro Assessment. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Clemson University; 2019. Available from: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/2571

Clemson University

2. Lu, Xinyu. Particle Transport Phenomena in Non-Newtonian Microfluidics.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2016, Clemson University

URL: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1716

► In the past two decades, microfluidic devices have become attractive platforms for many chemical and biomedical applications due to their enhanced efficiency and accuracy at… (more)

▼ In the past two decades, microfluidic devices have become attractive platforms for many chemical and biomedical applications due to their enhanced efficiency and accuracy at a reduced cost. Many of the fluids encountered in these applications exhibit non-Newtonian behaviors. However, the majority of current particle transport studies have been limited in Newtonian fluids only. Very little work has been done on particle transport in non-Newtonian fluids. This dissertation presents experimental and numerical studies of particle transport phenomena in both electric field- and pressure-driven flows in non-Newtonian fluids through microchannels. In the first part, electrokinetic transport phenomena are investigated in viscoelastic polymer solutions though a constricted microchannel. The first experimental study of particle electrophoresis shows an oscillatory particle motion in the constriction region. This oscillatory motion is affected by the electric field magnitude, particle size and fluid elasticity (i.e., polymer concentration). Then the viscoelastic effect on electrokinetic particle focusing is presented via the study of particle charge effect. The particle focusing trend observed is opposite to that in a Newtonian fluid when the electric field varies. Particle aggregation phenomena are also found at high electric fields. These phenomena are speculated to be a consequence of the fluid viscoelasticity effects. Inspired by the interesting electrokinetic particle transport phenomena, the flow visualization study in the viscoelastic fluid is conducted by using small fluorescent particles as trackers. It is showed that the small particle trajectories, which represent the electroosmotic flow streamlines, are significantly different from those in the Newtonian fluid at the upstream of the microchannel constriction due to the viscoelastic instability. The 2D numerical result of Oldroyd-B model obtains a smaller flow rate than the Newtonian one, but fails to predict the deflected particle trajectories via Lagrangian particle tracking method. In the second part, comprehensive studies are performed for particle transport in pressure driven flows through straight rectangular microchannels. A continuous size-based separation is achieved via elasto-inertial pinched flow fractionation (eiPFF). The separation is found to be affected by the flow rate, polymer concentration and channel aspect ratio significantly. Then elasto-inertial particle focusing is studied, which also demonstrates a sheath-free particle separation. An interesting trend has been observed that the particle size (blockage ratio) plays a less significant role on the particle equilibrium position with the increase of channel aspect ratio. Shear-thinning effect is studied in Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PAA) solutions of varied glycerol concentrations in a near-slit channel, which has been demonstrated to inhibit the elastic lift and deflect particles towards the walls. The 2D numerical studies of the particle motion via Oldroyd-B and Giesekus models are qualitatively… Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. Xiangchun Xuan, Committee Chair, Dr. Donald Beasley, Dr. Richard Figliola, Dr. Chenning Tong.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Lu, X. (2016). Particle Transport Phenomena in Non-Newtonian Microfluidics. (Doctoral Dissertation). Clemson University. Retrieved from https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1716

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lu, Xinyu. “Particle Transport Phenomena in Non-Newtonian Microfluidics.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Clemson University. Accessed January 18, 2021. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1716.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lu, Xinyu. “Particle Transport Phenomena in Non-Newtonian Microfluidics.” 2016. Web. 18 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Lu X. Particle Transport Phenomena in Non-Newtonian Microfluidics. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Clemson University; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 18]. Available from: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1716.

Council of Science Editors:

Lu X. Particle Transport Phenomena in Non-Newtonian Microfluidics. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Clemson University; 2016. Available from: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1716

3. Grier, Benjamin. A verification of steady state discontinuous solutions using the method of manufactured solutions for finite volume computational fluid dynamic codes.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2014, Clemson University

URL: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1381

► When applying the method of manufactured solutions (MMS) on computational fluid dynamic (CFD) software, it is traditionally a requirement that all solutions be continuous… (more)

▼ When applying the method of manufactured solutions (MMS) on computational fluid dynamic (CFD) software, it is traditionally a requirement that all solutions be continuous on the computational domain. This stipulation is limiting for the verification and validation of CFD solutions where discontinuities are frequent. This work details the development of a discontinuous MMS method for finite volume codes. The CFD code used throughout this research is a cell centered, finite volume, 1st order, Eulerian scheme within the software AVUS (Air Vehicles Unstructured Solver) which is combined with uniform structured grids. This code is used as a representative testing platform with the convenience of accessible source code. A piecewise technique is used for defining manufactured solutions which simulate discontinuities. Since source terms which allow arbitrary solutions in continuous MMS do not exist within Riemann solvers, conditions at the shock boundary are physically constrained by the Rankine-Hugoniot jump conditions. Upwind manufactured solutions are first initialized and a regression technique is then used to solve for solutions downwind of the discontinuity. It is shown that a change in regression error of four order of magnitude has no significant effect on an order of convergence test. When applying MMS on finite volume CFD codes, determining the exact solutions and source terms when the stored value is the integrated average over the control volume is a non-trivial and frequently ignored problem. MMS with discontinuities further complicates the problem of determining these values. To obtain low error and high convergence rates, linearly and quadratically exact transformations are proposed for cells split by discontinuities. These transformations are combined with a nine point Gauss quadrature method to achieve 4th order accuracy for fully general solutions and shock shapes. To begin testing, continuous MMS is first performed to ensure a verified code. AVUS is verified for 1st order solutions but retains lower order boundary conditions when solving 2nd order. The error is verified using a second academic CFD solver but is left unchanged for shock solutions which are inherently 1st order. Constant primitive, oblique shock solutions are then used to demonstrate a solution's error dependence on grid alignment. Grid alignment is shown to play a vital role in the error surrounding a shock. Constant oblique solutions with a grid aligned shock result in no discretization error while a shock that passed through the interior of cells yields error upwards of 4% for the u-component velocity. A semi one-dimensional problem combined with a grid aligned shock is then used to demonstrate the error magnitude (< 1%) due to the cell averaging on both sides of the discontinuity. Fully generic primitives and discontinuities are then introduced and grid convergence studies yielding 1st order results typically associated with shocks are used to verify the correctness of the code. Despite high errors near the region of the shock,… Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. Richard Figliola, Dr. Edward Alyanak, Dr. Richard Miller, Dr. Chenning Tong.

Subjects/Keywords: Method of Manufactured Solutions; MMS; Uncertainty Quantification; Validation; Verification; Mechanical Engineering

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APA (6^th Edition):

Grier, B. (2014). A verification of steady state discontinuous solutions using the method of manufactured solutions for finite volume computational fluid dynamic codes. (Doctoral Dissertation). Clemson University. Retrieved from https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1381

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Grier, Benjamin. “A verification of steady state discontinuous solutions using the method of manufactured solutions for finite volume computational fluid dynamic codes.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Clemson University. Accessed January 18, 2021. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1381.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Grier, Benjamin. “A verification of steady state discontinuous solutions using the method of manufactured solutions for finite volume computational fluid dynamic codes.” 2014. Web. 18 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Grier B. A verification of steady state discontinuous solutions using the method of manufactured solutions for finite volume computational fluid dynamic codes. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Clemson University; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 18]. Available from: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1381.

Council of Science Editors:

Grier B. A verification of steady state discontinuous solutions using the method of manufactured solutions for finite volume computational fluid dynamic codes. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Clemson University; 2014. Available from: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1381

4. Bibo, Amin. Investigation of Concurrent Energy Harvesting from Ambient Vibrations and Wind.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2014, Clemson University

URL: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1309

► In recent years, many new concepts for micro-power generation have been introduced to harness wasted energy from the environment and maintain low-power electronics including… (more)

▼ In recent years, many new concepts for micro-power generation have been introduced to harness wasted energy from the environment and maintain low-power electronics including wireless sensors, data transmitters, controllers, and medical implants. Generally, such systems aim to provide a cheap and compact alternative energy source for applications where battery charging or replacement is expensive, time consuming, and/or cumbersome. Within the vast field of micro-power generation, utilizing the piezoelectric effect to generate an electric potential in response to mechanical stimuli has recently flourished as a major thrust area. Based on the nature of the ambient excitation, piezoelectric energy harvesters are divided into two major categories: the first deals with harvesting energy from ambient vibrations; while the second focuses on harvesting energy from aerodynamic flow fields such as wind or other moving fluids. This Dissertation aims to investigate the potential of integrating both sources of excitation into a single energy harvester. To that end, the Dissertation presents reduced-order models that can be used to capture the nonlinear response of piezoelectric energy harvesters under the combination of external base and aerodynamic excitations; and provides approximate analytical solutions of these models using perturbation theory. The analytical solutions are used, subsequently, to identify the important parameters affecting the response under the combined loading and to develop an understanding of the conditions under which the combined loading can be used to enhance efficacy and performance. As a platform to achieve these goals, the Dissertation considers two energy harvesters; the first consisting of a piezoelectric cantilever beam rigidly attached to a bluff body at the free end to permit galloping-type responses, while the second consists of a piezoelectric cantilever beam augmented with an airfoil at its tip. The airfoil is allowed to plunge and pitch around an elastic axis to enable flutter-type responses. Theoretical and experimental studies are presented with the goal of comparing the performance of a single integrated harvester to two separate devices harvesting energy independently from the two available energy sources. It is demonstrated that, under some clearly identified conditions, using a single piezoelectric harvester for energy harvesting under the combined loading can improve its transduction capability and the overall power density. Even when the wind velocity is below the cut-in wind speed of the harvester, i.e. galloping or flutter speed, using the integrated harvester amplifies the influence of the base excitation which enhances the output power as compared to using one aeroelastic and one vibratory energy harvesters. When the wind speed is above the cut-in wind speed, the performance of the integrated harvester becomes dependent on the excitation's frequency and its magnitude with maximum improvements occurring near resonance and for large base excitation levels. Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. Mohammed Daqaq, Dr. Ardalan Vahidi, Dr. Gang Li, Dr. Richard Figliola.

Subjects/Keywords: Energy Harvesting; Flutter Instability; Galloping Instability; Mechanical Vibrations; Environmental Sciences; Mechanical Engineering

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APA (6^th Edition):

Bibo, A. (2014). Investigation of Concurrent Energy Harvesting from Ambient Vibrations and Wind. (Doctoral Dissertation). Clemson University. Retrieved from https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1309

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bibo, Amin. “Investigation of Concurrent Energy Harvesting from Ambient Vibrations and Wind.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Clemson University. Accessed January 18, 2021. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1309.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bibo, Amin. “Investigation of Concurrent Energy Harvesting from Ambient Vibrations and Wind.” 2014. Web. 18 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Bibo A. Investigation of Concurrent Energy Harvesting from Ambient Vibrations and Wind. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Clemson University; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 18]. Available from: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1309.

Council of Science Editors:

Bibo A. Investigation of Concurrent Energy Harvesting from Ambient Vibrations and Wind. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Clemson University; 2014. Available from: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1309

5. Yeomans, Kyle Benjamin. In Vitro Study on the Viability for Use of 3D Printed Valves for Treatment of Chronic Venous Insufficiency.

Degree: MS, Mechanical Engineering, 2018, Clemson University

URL: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/2894

► Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a medical disease caused as a result of incompetent vein valves in the lower extremities by the failure to reduce… (more)

▼ Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a medical disease caused as a result of incompetent vein valves in the lower extremities by the failure to reduce venous pressure during calf exercise. This condition affects 2.5 million individuals in the United States; some estimates are over 6 million due to undiagnosed cases. Healthy venous flow is characterized by the calf muscle producing a lower venous pressure with competent vein valves maintaining this reduced pressure by preventing blood from flowing back into the lower legs; instead of returning to the heart. Conversely, an individual suffering from CVI has partially or fully incompetent vein valves which allow retrograde blood flow. The symptoms from the disease can range from a minor case in which blood pools in the feet, causing swelling and discomfort, to more severe cases including venous ulcers; potentially leading to disability for patients. Treatment options for patients with less severe cases include compression sleeves for the affected areas, exercise, medication, and some minimally invasive, outpatient procedures. Unfortunately, the only medical alternatives if these treatments prove to be ineffective include more aggressive interventions to attempt to repair, replace, or transplant new valves to the affected area; however, these procedures can be technically difficult to perform and are not always effective. Another option for treatment of CVI that has seen improvement over recent years is the manufacturing of prosthetic vein valves for implantation into individuals; one of which is using 3-D printing technology to produce bio-compatible valves composed of a PEGDA pre-polymer solution. In order to test the concept of this approach and to improve the effective design of these valves, an experimental flow loop derived from a lumped parameter model of the leg venous system was used. The resting pressure of the system was set to one-half that of the adult pressures due to the presently available gel material used for the printing of the valves is inadequate. The system was tuned to match the physiological ankle pressure response during exercise by the adjustment of specific system parameters to match the ambulatory venous pressure and recovery time criteria. An ideal venous valve was first tested as a controlled baseline, and the 3-D printed valves were then tested for utility. Valves were then tested for the appropriate ambulatory venous pressure response to verify if the tested valves met the desired physiological criteria. Additionally, a sample of valves was statistically analyzed to offer information on the capability of the valves, to assess the consistency in valve printing, and to determine the life cycle of the valves during continuous use. A Weibull distribution analysis was performed to draw conclusions on the life cycle test results. In conclusion, the tests showed that the 3-D printed valves are able to satisfy the desired pressure-related parameters of time to ambulatory venous pressure, mean ambulatory venous pressure, and recovery time… Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. Richard Figliola, Committee Chair, Dr. Donald Beasley, Dr. Ethan Kung.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Yeomans, K. B. (2018). In Vitro Study on the Viability for Use of 3D Printed Valves for Treatment of Chronic Venous Insufficiency. (Masters Thesis). Clemson University. Retrieved from https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/2894

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Yeomans, Kyle Benjamin. “In Vitro Study on the Viability for Use of 3D Printed Valves for Treatment of Chronic Venous Insufficiency.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Clemson University. Accessed January 18, 2021. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/2894.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Yeomans, Kyle Benjamin. “In Vitro Study on the Viability for Use of 3D Printed Valves for Treatment of Chronic Venous Insufficiency.” 2018. Web. 18 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Yeomans KB. In Vitro Study on the Viability for Use of 3D Printed Valves for Treatment of Chronic Venous Insufficiency. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Clemson University; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 18]. Available from: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/2894.

Council of Science Editors:

Yeomans KB. In Vitro Study on the Viability for Use of 3D Printed Valves for Treatment of Chronic Venous Insufficiency. [Masters Thesis]. Clemson University; 2018. Available from: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/2894

6. Zhou, Jian. In Vitro Multi Scale Models to Study the Early Stage Circulations for Single Ventricle Heart Diseases Palliations.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2016, Clemson University

URL: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1632

► Single ventricle physiology can result from various congenital heart defects in which the patient has only one functional ventricle. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome refers to… (more)

▼ Single ventricle physiology can result from various congenital heart defects in which the patient has only one functional ventricle. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome refers to patients born with an underdeveloped left ventricle. A three stage palliation strategy is applied over the first several years of life to establish a viable circulation path using the one functioning ventricle. Results of the first stage Norwood procedure on neonates with hypoplastic left heart syndrome are unsatisfactory with high morbidities and mortalities primarily due to high ventricle load and other complications. An early second stage Bidirectional Glenn (BDG) procedure is not a suitable option for neonates due to their high pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), which limits pulmonary blood flow. Realistic experimental models of these circulations are not well established and would be useful for studying the physiological response to surgical decisions on the distribution of flows to the various territories, so as to predict clinical hemodynamics and guide clinical planning. These would serve well to study novel intervention strategies and the effects of known complications at the local and systems-level. This study proved the hypothesis that it is possible to model accurately the first and second stage palliation circulations using multi-scale in vitro circulation models and to use these models to test novel surgical strategies while including the effects of possible complications. A multi-scale mock circulatory system (MCS), which couples a lumped parameter network model (LPN) of the neonatal circulation with an anatomically accurate three-dimensional model of the surgical anastomosis site, was built to simulate the hemodynamic performance of both the Stage 1 and Stage 2 circulations. A pediatric ventricular assist device was used as the single ventricle and a respiration model was applied to the Stage 2 circulation system. Resulting parameters measured were pressure and flow rates within the various territories, and systemic oxygen delivery (OD) were calculated. The Stage 1 and Stage 2 systems were validated by direct comparisons of time-based and mean pressures and flow rates between the experimental measurements, available clinical recordings and/or CFD simulations. Regression and correlation analyses and unpaired t-tests showed that there was excellent agreement between the clinical and experimental time-based results as measured throughout the circulations (0.60 < R² < 0.99; p > 0.05, r.m.s error< 5%). A novel, potentially alternative surgical strategy for the initial palliation, was proposed and was tested, called the assisted bidirectional Glenn (ABG) procedure. The approach taps the higher potential energy of the systemic circulation through a systemic to caval shunt with nozzle to increase pulmonary blood flow and oxygen delivery within a superior cavopulmonary connection. Experimental model was validated against a numerical model (0.65 < sigma < 0.97; p > 0.05). The tested results demonstrated the ABG… Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. Richard Figliola, Committee Chair, Dr. Donald Beasley, Dr. Chenning Tong, Dr. Ethan Kung.

Subjects/Keywords: Assisted Bidirectional Glenn; In vitro; Norwood; Palliation; Simulation; Single Ventricle Heart Disease

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APA (6^th Edition):

Zhou, J. (2016). In Vitro Multi Scale Models to Study the Early Stage Circulations for Single Ventricle Heart Diseases Palliations. (Doctoral Dissertation). Clemson University. Retrieved from https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1632

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zhou, Jian. “In Vitro Multi Scale Models to Study the Early Stage Circulations for Single Ventricle Heart Diseases Palliations.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Clemson University. Accessed January 18, 2021. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1632.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zhou, Jian. “In Vitro Multi Scale Models to Study the Early Stage Circulations for Single Ventricle Heart Diseases Palliations.” 2016. Web. 18 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Zhou J. In Vitro Multi Scale Models to Study the Early Stage Circulations for Single Ventricle Heart Diseases Palliations. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Clemson University; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 18]. Available from: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1632.

Council of Science Editors:

Zhou J. In Vitro Multi Scale Models to Study the Early Stage Circulations for Single Ventricle Heart Diseases Palliations. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Clemson University; 2016. Available from: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1632

7. Carter, Lauren Elizabeth. The Coronary Circulation in an In Vitro Multi-Scale Model of the Stage 1 Norwood Procedure.

Degree: MS, Mechanical Engineering, 2016, Clemson University

URL: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/2540

► Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS) is a congenital heart disease where the left ventricle and ascending aorta are underdeveloped. The first of three palliative surgeries… (more)

▼ Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS) is a congenital heart disease where the left ventricle and ascending aorta are underdeveloped. The first of three palliative surgeries for this malformation is the Norwood procedure. In this surgery, an opening is made between the left and right atrium so that all blood can flow into the right ventricle (RV). A reconstructed aorta is anastomosed (connected) to the RV so that the RV can pump oxygenated blood to the body (the systemic circulation). To divert part of the systemic blood flow to the pulmonary circulation, the modified Blalock-Taussig Shunt (mBTS) is connected from the innominate artery to the pulmonary artery. However, Norwood patients with an mBTS may experience retrograde flow from the coronary circulation (which supplies blood to the heart) to the pulmonary circulation via the mBTS. This shunt steal of coronary blood can lead to detrimental issues such as myocardial ischemia leading to right ventricular dysfunction. In this study, a multi-scale model of the Norwood procedure couples a three-dimensional (3D) test section of the reconstructed aortic arch with a lumped parameter network (LPN) describing the Norwood patient's global hemodynamics. Previously, only in silico multi-scale models of the Norwood circulation have modeled the coronary circulation and the effects of varying mBTS sizes on coronary perfusion. Here, a novel in vitro coronary circulation model is adapted from such in silico studies and implemented into a previously validated in vitro mock circulatory system (MCS) of the Norwood with mBTS palliation. The MCS was verified against an analytical model and validated using a patient-specific test section and data. A parametric test in which the size of the mBTS inner diameter was varied from 3mm to 4mm was performed. The results showed that increasing mBTS size results in decreased diastolic aortic pressure, which decreases coronary blood flow (CBF) during diastole. Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. Richard Figliola, Committee Chair, Dr. Donald Beasley, Committee Member, Dr. Tiffany Camp, Committee Member, Dr. Ethan Kung, Committee Member.

…with permission of Dr. Tim Conover of Clemson University. ................. 99 xv…

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APA (6^th Edition):

Carter, L. E. (2016). The Coronary Circulation in an In Vitro Multi-Scale Model of the Stage 1 Norwood Procedure. (Masters Thesis). Clemson University. Retrieved from https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/2540

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Carter, Lauren Elizabeth. “The Coronary Circulation in an In Vitro Multi-Scale Model of the Stage 1 Norwood Procedure.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Clemson University. Accessed January 18, 2021. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/2540.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Carter, Lauren Elizabeth. “The Coronary Circulation in an In Vitro Multi-Scale Model of the Stage 1 Norwood Procedure.” 2016. Web. 18 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Carter LE. The Coronary Circulation in an In Vitro Multi-Scale Model of the Stage 1 Norwood Procedure. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Clemson University; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 18]. Available from: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/2540.

Council of Science Editors:

Carter LE. The Coronary Circulation in an In Vitro Multi-Scale Model of the Stage 1 Norwood Procedure. [Masters Thesis]. Clemson University; 2016. Available from: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/2540

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