+publisher:"Clemson University" +contributor:("Dr. Chenning Tong")

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Clemson University

1. Dhingra, Devakar. Thermo-physical Property Models and Effect on Heat Pipe Modelling.

Degree: ME, Mechanical Engineering, 2014, Clemson University

URL: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/2052

► Heat transfer devices find applications in various aspects of life. Be it residential, commercial or industrial application, efficient heat transfer is a challenge to… (more)

▼ Heat transfer devices find applications in various aspects of life. Be it residential, commercial or industrial application, efficient heat transfer is a challenge to all. Other than geometric design considerations and wick selection, the optimization of heat transfer in the heat pipe also depends on fluid selection. Heat pipe technology has proven to work efficiently with properly selected thermal fluid, from cryogenic temperatures to very high temperatures. Higher heat transfer ability through small temperature differences makes the heat pipe an efficient technology. Hence, it can be stated that selecting a proper working fluid enhances the heat transfer performance of a heat pipe. For selecting the working fluid, important thermo-physical properties to be considered are density, viscosity, surface tension, latent heat of vaporization and vapor saturation pressure at every working temperature. The operating range of the working fluid starts from the triple point and till the critical point. The performance of the working fluid is not optimum at both ends of the operating range of temperature. At critical temperature, it is impacted by low surface tension and latent heat of vaporization, whereas near the triple point low vapor density and high viscosity affects the performance. One of the first indices for evaluating the performance of the working fluid is called 'Merit Number' This merit number considers a single pressure gradient, i.e. the liquid pressure drop. Later, substantial works have been done to implement the same idea in a system utilizing multiple pressure gradients (losses). In all the methods comparing the merit number of the fluids, the higher the merit number, better is the heat transfer capacity of the pipe. For theoretical calculations and geometrical design considerations, thermo-physical property data of the working fluid at every operating temperature is not available and if available, the reliability of this data is a reason of concern. The present work constitutes of dividing the working fluids into two main categories polar fluids (i.e. ammonia, water and methanol) and nonpolar fluids (i.e. ethane) and thus validating the methods used for formulating these thermo-physical properties as a function of temperature. As per conventional available data (in several reliable resources), these thermo-physical properties are formulated as a polynomial function of the temperature. The main problem though with such formulation is the data reliability outside the specified temperature range. This work tries to formulate such properties as a function of intensive properties and molecular structure of the working fluid. Thereafter the most useful method for thermo-physical property formulation was chosen after calculating the error percentage (relating to the experimental data obtained from various sources) The latter part of this work focuses on the uncertainty of the value about the mean obtained from the methods used and thereafter the percent deviation (between the mean obtained and the experimental… Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. Jay M. Ochterbeck, Dr. Xiangchun Xuan, Dr. Chenning Tong.

Subjects/Keywords: Mechanical Engineering

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APA (6^th Edition):

Dhingra, D. (2014). Thermo-physical Property Models and Effect on Heat Pipe Modelling. (Thesis). Clemson University. Retrieved from https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/2052

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Dhingra, Devakar. “Thermo-physical Property Models and Effect on Heat Pipe Modelling.” 2014. Thesis, Clemson University. Accessed January 25, 2021. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/2052.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Dhingra, Devakar. “Thermo-physical Property Models and Effect on Heat Pipe Modelling.” 2014. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Dhingra D. Thermo-physical Property Models and Effect on Heat Pipe Modelling. [Internet] [Thesis]. Clemson University; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/2052.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Dhingra D. Thermo-physical Property Models and Effect on Heat Pipe Modelling. [Thesis]. Clemson University; 2014. Available from: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/2052

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Clemson University

2. Lu, Xinyu. Particle Transport Phenomena in Non-Newtonian Microfluidics.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2016, Clemson University

URL: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1716

► In the past two decades, microfluidic devices have become attractive platforms for many chemical and biomedical applications due to their enhanced efficiency and accuracy at… (more)

▼ In the past two decades, microfluidic devices have become attractive platforms for many chemical and biomedical applications due to their enhanced efficiency and accuracy at a reduced cost. Many of the fluids encountered in these applications exhibit non-Newtonian behaviors. However, the majority of current particle transport studies have been limited in Newtonian fluids only. Very little work has been done on particle transport in non-Newtonian fluids. This dissertation presents experimental and numerical studies of particle transport phenomena in both electric field- and pressure-driven flows in non-Newtonian fluids through microchannels. In the first part, electrokinetic transport phenomena are investigated in viscoelastic polymer solutions though a constricted microchannel. The first experimental study of particle electrophoresis shows an oscillatory particle motion in the constriction region. This oscillatory motion is affected by the electric field magnitude, particle size and fluid elasticity (i.e., polymer concentration). Then the viscoelastic effect on electrokinetic particle focusing is presented via the study of particle charge effect. The particle focusing trend observed is opposite to that in a Newtonian fluid when the electric field varies. Particle aggregation phenomena are also found at high electric fields. These phenomena are speculated to be a consequence of the fluid viscoelasticity effects. Inspired by the interesting electrokinetic particle transport phenomena, the flow visualization study in the viscoelastic fluid is conducted by using small fluorescent particles as trackers. It is showed that the small particle trajectories, which represent the electroosmotic flow streamlines, are significantly different from those in the Newtonian fluid at the upstream of the microchannel constriction due to the viscoelastic instability. The 2D numerical result of Oldroyd-B model obtains a smaller flow rate than the Newtonian one, but fails to predict the deflected particle trajectories via Lagrangian particle tracking method. In the second part, comprehensive studies are performed for particle transport in pressure driven flows through straight rectangular microchannels. A continuous size-based separation is achieved via elasto-inertial pinched flow fractionation (eiPFF). The separation is found to be affected by the flow rate, polymer concentration and channel aspect ratio significantly. Then elasto-inertial particle focusing is studied, which also demonstrates a sheath-free particle separation. An interesting trend has been observed that the particle size (blockage ratio) plays a less significant role on the particle equilibrium position with the increase of channel aspect ratio. Shear-thinning effect is studied in Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PAA) solutions of varied glycerol concentrations in a near-slit channel, which has been demonstrated to inhibit the elastic lift and deflect particles towards the walls. The 2D numerical studies of the particle motion via Oldroyd-B and Giesekus models are qualitatively… Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. Xiangchun Xuan, Committee Chair, Dr. Donald Beasley, Dr. Richard Figliola, Dr. Chenning Tong.

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APA (6^th Edition):

Lu, X. (2016). Particle Transport Phenomena in Non-Newtonian Microfluidics. (Doctoral Dissertation). Clemson University. Retrieved from https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1716

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lu, Xinyu. “Particle Transport Phenomena in Non-Newtonian Microfluidics.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Clemson University. Accessed January 25, 2021. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1716.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lu, Xinyu. “Particle Transport Phenomena in Non-Newtonian Microfluidics.” 2016. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Lu X. Particle Transport Phenomena in Non-Newtonian Microfluidics. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Clemson University; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1716.

Council of Science Editors:

Lu X. Particle Transport Phenomena in Non-Newtonian Microfluidics. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Clemson University; 2016. Available from: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1716

Clemson University

3. Galgalikar, Rohan Ram. Computational Engineering Analysis of Materials and Structural Aspects of Gas Turbine Engine Ceramic Matrix Composite Components.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2016, Clemson University

URL: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1670

► Ever increasing world energy need and growing environmental concerns have resulted in rising efficiency and reduced emissions requirements from the energy industry. Current gas turbines,… (more)

▼ Ever increasing world energy need and growing environmental concerns have resulted in rising efficiency and reduced emissions requirements from the energy industry. Current gas turbines, widely used for power generation, have reached a plateau in efficiency. To further boost their efficiency and reduce emissions it is imperative to increase the operating temperatures. This necessitates the advent of new materials which have higher temperature capability than the existing super alloys, used to manufacture current gas turbines. Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs) are such a class of material, which have very high melting points and are extremely light weight in comparison to the superalloys. The CMCs are made from ceramic constituents that are inherently brittle; however, the CMCs show metal-like ductile behavior. The present work focuses on a non-oxide class of CMCs which are made SiC fibers and SiC matrix. A room temperature multi-length scale constitutive material model has been developed by homogenization at two characteristic microstructural Length Scales (LS), fiber/tow LS and ply/lamina LS. The results obtained from virtual mechanical tests on representative volume elements for the two LS are homogenized to generate a component length scale material model which exhibits the characteristic elastic and inelastic behavior of CMCs. This material model is implemented as a user subroutine for a commercial finite element package ABAQUS. Being a relatively new class of material, the CMCs are targeted initially for manufacturing low stress bearing stationary components in the hot-section of the gas turbines. Hence, the material model is tested by conducting a foreign object impact test on a typical stationary gas turbine hot-section component, namely the inner shroud. The effect of fiber architecture (cross-ply vs. plain weave) and strength of the fiber-matrix bond on the impact resistance of the inner shroud is demonstrated. In the hot-section of the gas turbine, the CMC components experience significant in-service high temperature environmental degradation. To capture this degradation four environmental effects: (a) grain growth and porosity growth; (b) creep; (c) dry oxidation; and (d) wet oxidation, have been identified. Using experimental data reported in open literature, the component length scale CMC material model properties are modified to be a function of the nature, duration and extent of the environmental exposure. Again, foreign object impact tests are conducted to measure the CMC material degradation after exposing it to the four environmental conditions. Out of the four environmental effects considered the wet oxidation results in highest material degradation, at a given time and temperature exposure. After the commercial success of stationary CMC components is established, more hot-section components like turbine blades are expected to be made from CMCs to further extend the efficiency benefits offered by the use of CMCs in gas turbines. Creep is a primary failure mechanism for rotating… Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. Mica Grujicic, Committee Chair, Dr. Chenning Tong, Dr. Jay Ochterbeck, Dr. Rajendra Singh.

Subjects/Keywords: Ceramic Matrix Composite; Finite Element Analysis; Gas Turbines; Multi-Length scale material modeling

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Galgalikar, R. R. (2016). Computational Engineering Analysis of Materials and Structural Aspects of Gas Turbine Engine Ceramic Matrix Composite Components. (Doctoral Dissertation). Clemson University. Retrieved from https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1670

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Galgalikar, Rohan Ram. “Computational Engineering Analysis of Materials and Structural Aspects of Gas Turbine Engine Ceramic Matrix Composite Components.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Clemson University. Accessed January 25, 2021. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1670.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Galgalikar, Rohan Ram. “Computational Engineering Analysis of Materials and Structural Aspects of Gas Turbine Engine Ceramic Matrix Composite Components.” 2016. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Galgalikar RR. Computational Engineering Analysis of Materials and Structural Aspects of Gas Turbine Engine Ceramic Matrix Composite Components. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Clemson University; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1670.

Council of Science Editors:

Galgalikar RR. Computational Engineering Analysis of Materials and Structural Aspects of Gas Turbine Engine Ceramic Matrix Composite Components. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Clemson University; 2016. Available from: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1670

4. Grier, Benjamin. A verification of steady state discontinuous solutions using the method of manufactured solutions for finite volume computational fluid dynamic codes.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2014, Clemson University

URL: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1381

► When applying the method of manufactured solutions (MMS) on computational fluid dynamic (CFD) software, it is traditionally a requirement that all solutions be continuous… (more)

▼ When applying the method of manufactured solutions (MMS) on computational fluid dynamic (CFD) software, it is traditionally a requirement that all solutions be continuous on the computational domain. This stipulation is limiting for the verification and validation of CFD solutions where discontinuities are frequent. This work details the development of a discontinuous MMS method for finite volume codes. The CFD code used throughout this research is a cell centered, finite volume, 1st order, Eulerian scheme within the software AVUS (Air Vehicles Unstructured Solver) which is combined with uniform structured grids. This code is used as a representative testing platform with the convenience of accessible source code. A piecewise technique is used for defining manufactured solutions which simulate discontinuities. Since source terms which allow arbitrary solutions in continuous MMS do not exist within Riemann solvers, conditions at the shock boundary are physically constrained by the Rankine-Hugoniot jump conditions. Upwind manufactured solutions are first initialized and a regression technique is then used to solve for solutions downwind of the discontinuity. It is shown that a change in regression error of four order of magnitude has no significant effect on an order of convergence test. When applying MMS on finite volume CFD codes, determining the exact solutions and source terms when the stored value is the integrated average over the control volume is a non-trivial and frequently ignored problem. MMS with discontinuities further complicates the problem of determining these values. To obtain low error and high convergence rates, linearly and quadratically exact transformations are proposed for cells split by discontinuities. These transformations are combined with a nine point Gauss quadrature method to achieve 4th order accuracy for fully general solutions and shock shapes. To begin testing, continuous MMS is first performed to ensure a verified code. AVUS is verified for 1st order solutions but retains lower order boundary conditions when solving 2nd order. The error is verified using a second academic CFD solver but is left unchanged for shock solutions which are inherently 1st order. Constant primitive, oblique shock solutions are then used to demonstrate a solution's error dependence on grid alignment. Grid alignment is shown to play a vital role in the error surrounding a shock. Constant oblique solutions with a grid aligned shock result in no discretization error while a shock that passed through the interior of cells yields error upwards of 4% for the u-component velocity. A semi one-dimensional problem combined with a grid aligned shock is then used to demonstrate the error magnitude (< 1%) due to the cell averaging on both sides of the discontinuity. Fully generic primitives and discontinuities are then introduced and grid convergence studies yielding 1st order results typically associated with shocks are used to verify the correctness of the code. Despite high errors near the region of the shock,… Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. Richard Figliola, Dr. Edward Alyanak, Dr. Richard Miller, Dr. Chenning Tong.

Subjects/Keywords: Method of Manufactured Solutions; MMS; Uncertainty Quantification; Validation; Verification; Mechanical Engineering

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APA (6^th Edition):

Grier, B. (2014). A verification of steady state discontinuous solutions using the method of manufactured solutions for finite volume computational fluid dynamic codes. (Doctoral Dissertation). Clemson University. Retrieved from https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1381

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Grier, Benjamin. “A verification of steady state discontinuous solutions using the method of manufactured solutions for finite volume computational fluid dynamic codes.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Clemson University. Accessed January 25, 2021. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1381.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Grier, Benjamin. “A verification of steady state discontinuous solutions using the method of manufactured solutions for finite volume computational fluid dynamic codes.” 2014. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Grier B. A verification of steady state discontinuous solutions using the method of manufactured solutions for finite volume computational fluid dynamic codes. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Clemson University; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1381.

Council of Science Editors:

Grier B. A verification of steady state discontinuous solutions using the method of manufactured solutions for finite volume computational fluid dynamic codes. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Clemson University; 2014. Available from: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1381

5. Zhou, Jian. In Vitro Multi Scale Models to Study the Early Stage Circulations for Single Ventricle Heart Diseases Palliations.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2016, Clemson University

URL: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1632

► Single ventricle physiology can result from various congenital heart defects in which the patient has only one functional ventricle. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome refers to… (more)

▼ Single ventricle physiology can result from various congenital heart defects in which the patient has only one functional ventricle. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome refers to patients born with an underdeveloped left ventricle. A three stage palliation strategy is applied over the first several years of life to establish a viable circulation path using the one functioning ventricle. Results of the first stage Norwood procedure on neonates with hypoplastic left heart syndrome are unsatisfactory with high morbidities and mortalities primarily due to high ventricle load and other complications. An early second stage Bidirectional Glenn (BDG) procedure is not a suitable option for neonates due to their high pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), which limits pulmonary blood flow. Realistic experimental models of these circulations are not well established and would be useful for studying the physiological response to surgical decisions on the distribution of flows to the various territories, so as to predict clinical hemodynamics and guide clinical planning. These would serve well to study novel intervention strategies and the effects of known complications at the local and systems-level. This study proved the hypothesis that it is possible to model accurately the first and second stage palliation circulations using multi-scale in vitro circulation models and to use these models to test novel surgical strategies while including the effects of possible complications. A multi-scale mock circulatory system (MCS), which couples a lumped parameter network model (LPN) of the neonatal circulation with an anatomically accurate three-dimensional model of the surgical anastomosis site, was built to simulate the hemodynamic performance of both the Stage 1 and Stage 2 circulations. A pediatric ventricular assist device was used as the single ventricle and a respiration model was applied to the Stage 2 circulation system. Resulting parameters measured were pressure and flow rates within the various territories, and systemic oxygen delivery (OD) were calculated. The Stage 1 and Stage 2 systems were validated by direct comparisons of time-based and mean pressures and flow rates between the experimental measurements, available clinical recordings and/or CFD simulations. Regression and correlation analyses and unpaired t-tests showed that there was excellent agreement between the clinical and experimental time-based results as measured throughout the circulations (0.60 < R² < 0.99; p > 0.05, r.m.s error< 5%). A novel, potentially alternative surgical strategy for the initial palliation, was proposed and was tested, called the assisted bidirectional Glenn (ABG) procedure. The approach taps the higher potential energy of the systemic circulation through a systemic to caval shunt with nozzle to increase pulmonary blood flow and oxygen delivery within a superior cavopulmonary connection. Experimental model was validated against a numerical model (0.65 < sigma < 0.97; p > 0.05). The tested results demonstrated the ABG… Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. Richard Figliola, Committee Chair, Dr. Donald Beasley, Dr. Chenning Tong, Dr. Ethan Kung.

Subjects/Keywords: Assisted Bidirectional Glenn; In vitro; Norwood; Palliation; Simulation; Single Ventricle Heart Disease

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APA (6^th Edition):

Zhou, J. (2016). In Vitro Multi Scale Models to Study the Early Stage Circulations for Single Ventricle Heart Diseases Palliations. (Doctoral Dissertation). Clemson University. Retrieved from https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1632

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zhou, Jian. “In Vitro Multi Scale Models to Study the Early Stage Circulations for Single Ventricle Heart Diseases Palliations.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Clemson University. Accessed January 25, 2021. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1632.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zhou, Jian. “In Vitro Multi Scale Models to Study the Early Stage Circulations for Single Ventricle Heart Diseases Palliations.” 2016. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Zhou J. In Vitro Multi Scale Models to Study the Early Stage Circulations for Single Ventricle Heart Diseases Palliations. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Clemson University; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1632.

Council of Science Editors:

Zhou J. In Vitro Multi Scale Models to Study the Early Stage Circulations for Single Ventricle Heart Diseases Palliations. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Clemson University; 2016. Available from: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1632

6. Li, Wei. Effects of Mean Shear and Scalar Initial Length Scale on Three-Scalar Mixing in Turbulent Coaxial Jets.

Degree: PhD, Mechanical Engineering, 2016, Clemson University

URL: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1717

► The eﬀects of the velocity and length scale ratios of the annular ﬂow to the center jet on three-scalar mixing in turbulent coaxial jets are… (more)

▼ The eﬀects of the velocity and length scale ratios of the annular ﬂow to the center jet on three-scalar mixing in turbulent coaxial jets are investigated. In this ﬂow a center jet and an annular ﬂow, consisting of acetone-doped air and ethylene respec-tively, are mixed with the co-ﬂow air. Simultaneous planar laser-induced ﬂuorescence and Rayleigh scattering are employed to measure the mass fractions of the acetone-doped air and ethylene. The velocity ratio alters the relative mean shear rates in the mixing layers between the center jet and the annular ﬂow and between the annular ﬂow and the co-ﬂow, modifying the scalar ﬁelds through mean-ﬂow advection, turbu-lent transport, and small-scale mixing. The length scale ratio determines the degree of separation between the center jet and the co-ﬂow. The results show that while varying the velocity ratio can alter the mixing characteristics qualitatively, varying the annulus width only has quantitative eﬀects. Increasing the velocity ratio and the annulus width always delays the evolution of the scalar ﬁelds. The evolution of the mean scalar proﬁles are dominated by the mean-ﬂow advection, while the shape of the joint probability density function (JPDF) is largely determined by the turbulent transport and molecular diﬀusion. The JPDF for the higher velocity ratio cases is bimodal at some locations while it is unimodal for the lower velocity ratio cases. The diﬀusion velocity streamlines in scalar space representing the conditional diﬀusion generally converge quickly to a manifold along which they continue at a lower rate. The curvature of the manifold is signiﬁcantly larger for the higher velocity ratio cases. Predicting the mixing path along the manifold as well as its dependence on the velocity and length scale ratios presents a challenging test for mixing models. The three-scalar subgrid-scale (SGS) mixing in the context of large eddy simu-lation and its dependence on the velocity and length scale ratios are also investigated. The analysis reveals two SGS mixing regimes depending on the SGS variance value of the center jet scalar. For small SGS variance the scalars are well mixed with uni-modal ﬁltered joint density function (FJDF) and the three-scalar mixing conﬁguration is lost. For large SGS variance, the scalars are highly segregated with bimodal FJDFs at radial locations near the peak of the mean SGS variance of the center jet scalar. Two competing factors, the SGS variance and the scalar length scale, are important for the bimodal FJDF. For the higher velocity ratio cases, the peak value of the SGS variance is higher, thereby resulting in stronger bimodality. For the lower velocity ratio cases, the wider mean SGS variance proﬁles and the smaller scalar length scale cause bimodal FJDFs over a wider range of physical locations. The diﬀusion stream-lines ﬁrst converge to a manifold and continue on it toward a stagnation point. The curvature of the diﬀusion manifold is larger for the larger velocity ratio cases. The manifold provides a SGS mixing path for the center… Advisors/Committee Members: Dr. Chenning Tong, Committee Chair, Dr. Richard Miller, Dr. Jay Ochterbeck, Dr. Xiangchun Xuan.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Li, W. (2016). Effects of Mean Shear and Scalar Initial Length Scale on Three-Scalar Mixing in Turbulent Coaxial Jets. (Doctoral Dissertation). Clemson University. Retrieved from https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1717

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Li, Wei. “Effects of Mean Shear and Scalar Initial Length Scale on Three-Scalar Mixing in Turbulent Coaxial Jets.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Clemson University. Accessed January 25, 2021. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1717.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Li, Wei. “Effects of Mean Shear and Scalar Initial Length Scale on Three-Scalar Mixing in Turbulent Coaxial Jets.” 2016. Web. 25 Jan 2021.

Vancouver:

Li W. Effects of Mean Shear and Scalar Initial Length Scale on Three-Scalar Mixing in Turbulent Coaxial Jets. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Clemson University; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 25]. Available from: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1717.

Council of Science Editors:

Li W. Effects of Mean Shear and Scalar Initial Length Scale on Three-Scalar Mixing in Turbulent Coaxial Jets. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Clemson University; 2016. Available from: https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_dissertations/1717

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