+publisher:"Brown University" +contributor:("Tripathi, Anubhav")

1. Lee, Ga Yeon. Extracting short-fragmented DNA from human blood serum samples using a novel microfluidic chip device.

Degree: Biomedical Engineering, 2017, Brown University

URL: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:733402/

► This project aimed (1) to learn the fundamental mechanism of DNA extraction on a novel microfluidic chip that takes advantage of hydrophilic/hydrophobic interactions between sample… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: DNA

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APA (6^th Edition):

Lee, G. Y. (2017). Extracting short-fragmented DNA from human blood serum samples using a novel microfluidic chip device. (Thesis). Brown University. Retrieved from https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:733402/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Lee, Ga Yeon. “Extracting short-fragmented DNA from human blood serum samples using a novel microfluidic chip device.” 2017. Thesis, Brown University. Accessed February 27, 2021. https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:733402/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Lee, Ga Yeon. “Extracting short-fragmented DNA from human blood serum samples using a novel microfluidic chip device.” 2017. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Lee GY. Extracting short-fragmented DNA from human blood serum samples using a novel microfluidic chip device. [Internet] [Thesis]. Brown University; 2017. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:733402/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Lee GY. Extracting short-fragmented DNA from human blood serum samples using a novel microfluidic chip device. [Thesis]. Brown University; 2017. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:733402/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

2. Goldenshtein, Victoria. Effect Of Mucin On Hydrodynamic Diameter And Zeta Potential Of Polymeric Nanospheres.

Degree: Biomedical Engineering, 2017, Brown University

URL: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:733342/

► The degree of interaction between nanoencapsulated material and gastrointestinal mucin can be an important determinant in efficiency of absorption of orally delivered therapeutics. Mucus lining… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Oral Drug Delivery

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APA (6^th Edition):

Goldenshtein, V. (2017). Effect Of Mucin On Hydrodynamic Diameter And Zeta Potential Of Polymeric Nanospheres. (Thesis). Brown University. Retrieved from https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:733342/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Goldenshtein, Victoria. “Effect Of Mucin On Hydrodynamic Diameter And Zeta Potential Of Polymeric Nanospheres.” 2017. Thesis, Brown University. Accessed February 27, 2021. https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:733342/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Goldenshtein, Victoria. “Effect Of Mucin On Hydrodynamic Diameter And Zeta Potential Of Polymeric Nanospheres.” 2017. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Goldenshtein V. Effect Of Mucin On Hydrodynamic Diameter And Zeta Potential Of Polymeric Nanospheres. [Internet] [Thesis]. Brown University; 2017. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:733342/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Goldenshtein V. Effect Of Mucin On Hydrodynamic Diameter And Zeta Potential Of Polymeric Nanospheres. [Thesis]. Brown University; 2017. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:733342/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

3. Steranka, Elaine. Double Wall Polymeric Nanoparticle Carrier for Sustained Release of Biologics in the Gastrointestinal Tract.

Degree: Biomedical Engineering, 2017, Brown University

URL: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:733524/

► Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) consists of a group of intestinal disorders that cause prolonged inflammation along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, specifically within the intestines. Biologics… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Nanoparticles

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APA (6^th Edition):

Steranka, E. (2017). Double Wall Polymeric Nanoparticle Carrier for Sustained Release of Biologics in the Gastrointestinal Tract. (Thesis). Brown University. Retrieved from https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:733524/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Steranka, Elaine. “Double Wall Polymeric Nanoparticle Carrier for Sustained Release of Biologics in the Gastrointestinal Tract.” 2017. Thesis, Brown University. Accessed February 27, 2021. https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:733524/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Steranka, Elaine. “Double Wall Polymeric Nanoparticle Carrier for Sustained Release of Biologics in the Gastrointestinal Tract.” 2017. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Steranka E. Double Wall Polymeric Nanoparticle Carrier for Sustained Release of Biologics in the Gastrointestinal Tract. [Internet] [Thesis]. Brown University; 2017. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:733524/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Steranka E. Double Wall Polymeric Nanoparticle Carrier for Sustained Release of Biologics in the Gastrointestinal Tract. [Thesis]. Brown University; 2017. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:733524/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

4. Zhang, Patrick. Exploring the Potential of Direct-To-Consumer Genomic Test Data for Predicting Adverse Drug Events.

Degree: School of Engineering, 2018, Brown University

URL: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:792824/

► Recent technological advancements in genetic testing and the growing accessibility of public genomic data provide researchers with a unique avenue to approach personalized medicine. This… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Personalized medicine

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APA (6^th Edition):

Zhang, P. (2018). Exploring the Potential of Direct-To-Consumer Genomic Test Data for Predicting Adverse Drug Events. (Thesis). Brown University. Retrieved from https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:792824/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Zhang, Patrick. “Exploring the Potential of Direct-To-Consumer Genomic Test Data for Predicting Adverse Drug Events.” 2018. Thesis, Brown University. Accessed February 27, 2021. https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:792824/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Zhang, Patrick. “Exploring the Potential of Direct-To-Consumer Genomic Test Data for Predicting Adverse Drug Events.” 2018. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Zhang P. Exploring the Potential of Direct-To-Consumer Genomic Test Data for Predicting Adverse Drug Events. [Internet] [Thesis]. Brown University; 2018. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:792824/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Zhang P. Exploring the Potential of Direct-To-Consumer Genomic Test Data for Predicting Adverse Drug Events. [Thesis]. Brown University; 2018. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:792824/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

5. Hsu, Chih-Hsun. Realization of New Form of Carbon-Diamond Nanowire – Synthesis, Characterization and Applications.

Degree: PhD, Electrical Science and Computer Engineering, 2010, Brown University

URL: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:11151/

► This dissertation focuses on the synthesis and validation of a new form of carbon, diamond nanowire, which was grown in an atmospheric pressure chemical vapor… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Diamond Nanowire

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APA (6^th Edition):

Hsu, C. (2010). Realization of New Form of Carbon-Diamond Nanowire – Synthesis, Characterization and Applications. (Doctoral Dissertation). Brown University. Retrieved from https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:11151/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Hsu, Chih-Hsun. “Realization of New Form of Carbon-Diamond Nanowire – Synthesis, Characterization and Applications.” 2010. Doctoral Dissertation, Brown University. Accessed February 27, 2021. https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:11151/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Hsu, Chih-Hsun. “Realization of New Form of Carbon-Diamond Nanowire – Synthesis, Characterization and Applications.” 2010. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Hsu C. Realization of New Form of Carbon-Diamond Nanowire – Synthesis, Characterization and Applications. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Brown University; 2010. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:11151/.

Council of Science Editors:

Hsu C. Realization of New Form of Carbon-Diamond Nanowire – Synthesis, Characterization and Applications. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Brown University; 2010. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:11151/

6. Durmus, Naside Gozde. Enhanced Efficacy of Nanotechnology-Driven Approaches against Antibiotic-Resistant Biofilms in the Presence of Metabolites.

Degree: PhD, Biomedical Engineering, 2013, Brown University

URL: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:320579/

► Antibiotic resistance and the lack of new antimicrobial therapies create significant challenges for the treatment of infections. Therefore, there is an urgent clinical need to… (more)

▼ Antibiotic resistance and the lack of new antimicrobial therapies create significant challenges for the treatment of infections. Therefore, there is an urgent clinical need to develop novel treatments targeting bacterial biofilms to reduce the risk of infection, without resorting to antibiotics. The goal of this thesis is, for the first time, to integrate two novel approaches, i.e. nanotechnology and metabolic stimulation, to eradicate antibiotic-resistant biofilms. The metabolic microenvironment of the biofilms has been manipulated to improve the antibacterial properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) as well as nanorough device surfaces. First, it has been shown that engineered nanoscale topographies provide surfaces that are more resistant to bacterial growth than conventional polyvinyl chloride (PVC). In addition, for the first time, the presence of fructose on the nanorough PVC further decreased the planktonic S. aureus growth and biofilm formation, without use of any antibiotics. Moreover, a simple, broad-spectrum and low-cost dual-sided approach which uses SPION in combination with metabolites (i.e., fructose, glucose, and mannitol) has been developed as an alternative to existing antibacterial strategies. This strategy offers further improved efficacy of SPION against persistent gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria infections by manipulating the biofilm metabolic microenvironment, creating a new nanotechnology-driven approach. Further, biofilm eradication by the engineered SPION was significantly better than vancomycin, the antibiotic of last resort. In addition, it has been demonstrated that SPION conjugated with antibacterial silver salts exhibit strong eradication properties against the antibiotic-resistant (MRSA) biofilms. Antibacterial properties of silver-conjugated SPION were further improved when an external magnetic field was applied as their magnetic core enabled them to penetrate into the biofilms. This thesis, for the first time, highlighted the importance of biofilm metabolic microenvironment for the nanotechnology-driven approaches. It is envisioned that these simple and inexpensive approaches could lead to novel alternative treatments to the only current clinical option, vancomycin, which MRSA has started to develop a resistance towards. These novel nanotechnology-driven approaches can lead to successful clinical outcomes in terms of minimizing infections, longer medical device lifetimes, and decreasing antibiotic usage. Advisors/Committee Members: Webster, Thomas (Director), Webster, Thomas (Reader), Tripathi, Anubhav (Reader), Sun, Shouheng (Reader), Morgan, Jeffrey (Reader), Tripathi, Anubhav (Director).

Subjects/Keywords: antibiotic resistance

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APA (6^th Edition):

Durmus, N. G. (2013). Enhanced Efficacy of Nanotechnology-Driven Approaches against Antibiotic-Resistant Biofilms in the Presence of Metabolites. (Doctoral Dissertation). Brown University. Retrieved from https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:320579/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Durmus, Naside Gozde. “Enhanced Efficacy of Nanotechnology-Driven Approaches against Antibiotic-Resistant Biofilms in the Presence of Metabolites.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, Brown University. Accessed February 27, 2021. https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:320579/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Durmus, Naside Gozde. “Enhanced Efficacy of Nanotechnology-Driven Approaches against Antibiotic-Resistant Biofilms in the Presence of Metabolites.” 2013. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Durmus NG. Enhanced Efficacy of Nanotechnology-Driven Approaches against Antibiotic-Resistant Biofilms in the Presence of Metabolites. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Brown University; 2013. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:320579/.

Council of Science Editors:

Durmus NG. Enhanced Efficacy of Nanotechnology-Driven Approaches against Antibiotic-Resistant Biofilms in the Presence of Metabolites. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Brown University; 2013. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:320579/

7. Teller, Sean S. High Frequency Viscoelasticity of Soft Materials at Low to Moderate Strains with Implications for Vocal Fold Tissue Engineering.

Degree: PhD, Solid Mechanics, 2013, Brown University

URL: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:320465/

► Vocal folds are driven in a shear-dominated, wave-like motion at high frequencies (100-1000 Hz) at strains up to 30% during phonation. Damage to the vocal… (more)

▼ Vocal folds are driven in a shear-dominated, wave-like motion at high frequencies (100-1000 Hz) at strains up to 30% during phonation. Damage to the vocal folds may cause significantly stiffer scar tissue to form, impairing voice function. Due to the biomechanically active nature of the tissue, candidate tissue-engineered replacement materials must have mechanical properties (i.e. viscoelastic shear modulus) that are similar to those of native tissues. The torsional wave experiment (TWE), a stress-wave based resonance test, was used to determine the linear viscoelastic complex shear modulus of human and porcine vocal folds up to low audio frequencies, while histology investigated the structure-property relationship. Human tissues were harvested from adult males and females between 39 and 93 years of age, while porcine tissues were from fetal, newborn, adolescent, and adult pigs. Adult porcine tissues had an average storage modulus of 2207+1440 Pa with a loss tangent of 0.38+0.10, while human vocal folds had an average storage modulus and loss tangent of 824+479 Pa and 0.42+0.10, respectively. Viscoelastic moduli did not exhibit gender dependence in either human or porcine vocal folds, although age dependence was found in porcine tissues. Histology of porcine tissues similarly showed a dependence on age. A finite strain torsional wave experiment was developed that superposes high-frequency, infinitesimal deformations on a low-frequency, finite-strain deformation. This experiment enables the determination of a complex viscoelastic tangent shear modulus at a known pre-strain. In addition to enabling measurements at finite strain, the new experiment increased the resonance frequency of the system― allowing for measurements at higher frequencies than those obtained in the TWE. Experiments were performed on 0.45% (w/v) agarose gels at pre-strains up to 80%; the storage modulus did not change with applied pre-strain while the loss tangent increased. Future work includes reducing the time to perform the experiments, extending the strain and frequency test ranges, and collecting data on natural tissues. Advisors/Committee Members: Clifton, Rodney (Director), Kim, Kyung-Suk (Reader), Tripathi, Anubhav (Reader).

Subjects/Keywords: vocal folds

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APA (6^th Edition):

Teller, S. S. (2013). High Frequency Viscoelasticity of Soft Materials at Low to Moderate Strains with Implications for Vocal Fold Tissue Engineering. (Doctoral Dissertation). Brown University. Retrieved from https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:320465/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Teller, Sean S. “High Frequency Viscoelasticity of Soft Materials at Low to Moderate Strains with Implications for Vocal Fold Tissue Engineering.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, Brown University. Accessed February 27, 2021. https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:320465/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Teller, Sean S. “High Frequency Viscoelasticity of Soft Materials at Low to Moderate Strains with Implications for Vocal Fold Tissue Engineering.” 2013. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Teller SS. High Frequency Viscoelasticity of Soft Materials at Low to Moderate Strains with Implications for Vocal Fold Tissue Engineering. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Brown University; 2013. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:320465/.

Council of Science Editors:

Teller SS. High Frequency Viscoelasticity of Soft Materials at Low to Moderate Strains with Implications for Vocal Fold Tissue Engineering. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Brown University; 2013. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:320465/

8. Siu, Vince Shing-Wing. Development of optical and electrochemical methods at the nano-scale for high-throughput biochemical sensing.

Degree: PhD, Biomedical Engineering, 2014, Brown University

URL: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:386111/

► Over the past few decades, remarkable progress has been made in the development of analytical biosensors for use in medical diagnostics. This dissertation focuses on… (more)

▼ Over the past few decades, remarkable progress has been made in the development of analytical biosensors for use in medical diagnostics. This dissertation focuses on the development of four biosensors that utilize electrochemical and optical transducers to detect vitamin D and glucose, all of which may be modified to detect other biochemical analytes. Nano-structured materials (e.g. DNA, proteins and nano-grooves/slits) were used together with molecular biology and surface chemistry to create signal transducers that can be miniaturized and integrated with microfluidic devices to yield novel biosensing platforms that could result in faster diagnostics of disease and the consequential improvement in health care. Briefly, the first sensor studied the electrochemical properties of CYP27B1 immobilized in a surfactant film on an edge-plane graphite electrode. Cyclic voltammetry revealed a mid-point potential of –180 +/- 5 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl) and the rate of heterogeneous electron transfer was 3.5 +/- 0.6 s -1. The lipid film was found to perturb the structural integrity of CYP27B1 and thus, the catalytic conversion of 25(OH)D 3to 1α,25(OH) 2D 3was not observed. The second sensor detects the electrochemical impedance change upon the binding of 1α,25(OH) 2D 3to a vitamin D receptor embedded in a lipid film on a gold electrode. The response time of the modified electrodes is <10 min with a detection limit of 52 nM. The third sensor consists of a DNA biocircuit that encodes for a bacterial sensor protein that can be expressed and triggered to produce a dose-dependent fluorescent response in the presence of 1α,25(OH) 2D 3. Different parameters including receptor length, induction conditions, and the addition of pelB sequence were investigated to optimize the expression of an active sensor protein into the soluble fraction. The final sensor studied is a groove-slit-groove plasmonic interferometer designed, fabricated and characterized for real-time monitoring of glucose. The detection limit for glucose in aqueous solutions is 5.5 µM with a sensitivity of 105,000 %/RIU. To address the issue of selectivity, the plasmonic interferometer was coupled to a dye assay, which enabled specific detection of glucose in a complex mixture of salts and small molecules (i.e., artificial saliva) and an 8.5-fold increase in sensitivity. Advisors/Committee Members: Palmore, Tayhas (Director), Pacifici, Domenico (Director), Tripathi, Anubhav (Reader), Wessel, Gary (Reader), MacDonald, John (Reader).

Subjects/Keywords: Intein

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APA (6^th Edition):

Siu, V. S. (2014). Development of optical and electrochemical methods at the nano-scale for high-throughput biochemical sensing. (Doctoral Dissertation). Brown University. Retrieved from https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:386111/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Siu, Vince Shing-Wing. “Development of optical and electrochemical methods at the nano-scale for high-throughput biochemical sensing.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Brown University. Accessed February 27, 2021. https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:386111/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Siu, Vince Shing-Wing. “Development of optical and electrochemical methods at the nano-scale for high-throughput biochemical sensing.” 2014. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Siu VS. Development of optical and electrochemical methods at the nano-scale for high-throughput biochemical sensing. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Brown University; 2014. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:386111/.

Council of Science Editors:

Siu VS. Development of optical and electrochemical methods at the nano-scale for high-throughput biochemical sensing. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Brown University; 2014. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:386111/

9. Angione, Stephanie L. Microfluidic Platforms for Molecular Diagnostics and Developmental Biology.

Degree: PhD, Biomedical Engineering, 2014, Brown University

URL: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:386202/

► Microfluidic technology provides a means of precisely controlling fluid flow for molecular analytics and diagnostics, as well for the biological analysis of cells and small… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: molecular diagnostics

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APA (6^th Edition):

Angione, S. L. (2014). Microfluidic Platforms for Molecular Diagnostics and Developmental Biology. (Doctoral Dissertation). Brown University. Retrieved from https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:386202/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Angione, Stephanie L. “Microfluidic Platforms for Molecular Diagnostics and Developmental Biology.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Brown University. Accessed February 27, 2021. https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:386202/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Angione, Stephanie L. “Microfluidic Platforms for Molecular Diagnostics and Developmental Biology.” 2014. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Angione SL. Microfluidic Platforms for Molecular Diagnostics and Developmental Biology. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Brown University; 2014. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:386202/.

Council of Science Editors:

Angione SL. Microfluidic Platforms for Molecular Diagnostics and Developmental Biology. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Brown University; 2014. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:386202/

10. Bozkurt, Ozgur. Investigation of Vapor Intrusion Scenarios Using a 3D Numerical Model.

Degree: PhD, Division of Engineering. Fluid, Thermal, and Chemical Processes, 2009, Brown University

URL: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:138/

► Among the emerging issues of National concern are the health risks associated with vapor intrusion into structures that might exist or be built on or… (more)

▼ Among the emerging issues of National concern are the health risks associated with vapor intrusion into structures that might exist or be built on or near sites contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOC) or semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC). Chemical vapors released from soil and/or groundwater contamination can migrate into buildings and pose a long-term hazard to human health. The issue of vapor intrusion has recently received considerable attention in the environmental community. Unfortunately, tools to assist vapor intrusion site characterizations efforts are thus far limited in number. The model described herein is proposed as such a tool, with the belief that it can help guide site investigations and improve vapor intrusion risk predictions. Details of a three-dimensional finite element model of soil vapor intrusion, including the overall modeling process and the stepwise approach, is provided. The model is a quantitative tool that can help guide vapor intrusion characterization efforts. It solves the soil gas continuity equation coupled with the chemical transport equation, allowing for both advective and diffusive transport. Three dimensional pressure, velocity, and chemical concentration fields are produced from the model. The method of solution as well as necessary inputs are described in detail. Results from simulations involving common site features, such as impervious surfaces, porous foundation subbase material and adjacent structures are summarized herein. The results suggest that site-specific features are important to consider when characterizing vapor intrusion risks. More importantly, the results suggest that soil gas or subslab gas samples taken without proper regard for particular site features may not be suitable for evaluating vapor intrusion risks; rather careful attention needs to be given to the many factors that affect chemical transport into and around buildings. The results also show that simple rules regarding safe separation distances between source and structures of concern can be misleading for certain sites. In addition, the significance for vapor intrusion risk of possible "preferential soil gas pathways" will also depend in a complicated way upon the particular site's features; it is not automatically the case that such pathways will increase indoor air contaminant concentrations. Advisors/Committee Members: Suuberg, Eric (director), Pennell, Kelly (director), Tripathi, Anubhav (reader), Brown, Phil (reader).

Subjects/Keywords: Vapor Intrusion

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APA (6^th Edition):

Bozkurt, O. (2009). Investigation of Vapor Intrusion Scenarios Using a 3D Numerical Model. (Doctoral Dissertation). Brown University. Retrieved from https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:138/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bozkurt, Ozgur. “Investigation of Vapor Intrusion Scenarios Using a 3D Numerical Model.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, Brown University. Accessed February 27, 2021. https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:138/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bozkurt, Ozgur. “Investigation of Vapor Intrusion Scenarios Using a 3D Numerical Model.” 2009. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Bozkurt O. Investigation of Vapor Intrusion Scenarios Using a 3D Numerical Model. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Brown University; 2009. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:138/.

Council of Science Editors:

Bozkurt O. Investigation of Vapor Intrusion Scenarios Using a 3D Numerical Model. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Brown University; 2009. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:138/

11. Bao, Brian A. Conventional and novel membrane channel proteins in 3D multicellular aggregate assembly and spreading.

Degree: PhD, Artificial Organs, Biomaterials, and Cell Technology, 2013, Brown University

URL: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:320458/

► Multicellular aggregate assembly, whereby individual cells coalesce into a single multicellular structure, is a phenomenon that can model both healthy tissue morphogenesis and cancer pathogenesis.… (more)

▼ Multicellular aggregate assembly, whereby individual cells coalesce into a single multicellular structure, is a phenomenon that can model both healthy tissue morphogenesis and cancer pathogenesis. Thought to be mediated by cadherins, this study posits that the assembly process is also driven by the gap junction proteins Cx43 and Panx1. Using our novel scaffold-free hydrogel technology, we show that the adhesive interactions of Cx43 help modulate aggregate assembly. Treatment of human KGN granulosa and NHF fibroblast cells with antibodies sterically inhibiting Cx43 docking likewise inhibited their assembly, as did the gap junction inhibiting drug carbenoxolone. Additional experiments with neutralizing N-cadherin antibodies confirmed that the contributions of connexins and cadherins were comparable in assembly, at least in order of magnitude. Panx1 is a novel gap junction protein that possesses topological similarities to Cx43 and is thought to have tumor-suppressive properties. As evidence that Panx1 channels also modulate the biomechanical interactions driving aggregate assembly, we found that treatment of rat C6 glioma aggregates with carbenoxlone and the Panx1-specific inhibitor probenecid inhibited their assembly in a dose-dependent manner. To investigate the parenchymal invasion characterizing gliomas in vivo, we then extended our investigation of Panx1 onto the spreading of C6 aggregates on conventional 2D substrates. Using novel measures to characterize gross tumor morphology, we found that Panx1 improves the aggregate’s ability to maintain its shape and compaction during spreading. In both assembly and spreading, Panx1 channels act as conduits for ATP release that then stimulate the P2X7 purinergic receptor pathway, ultimately altering actomyosin function. By taking advantage of our unique 3D multicellular platform, this study highlights the emerging role of gap junction proteins within the development of both healthy and cancerous tissues. Advisors/Committee Members: Morgan, Jeffrey (Director), Mathiowitz, Edith (Reader), Hoffman-Kim, Diane (Reader), Tripathi, Anubhav (Reader), Scemes, Eliana (Reader).

Subjects/Keywords: 3D

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APA (6^th Edition):

Bao, B. A. (2013). Conventional and novel membrane channel proteins in 3D multicellular aggregate assembly and spreading. (Doctoral Dissertation). Brown University. Retrieved from https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:320458/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Bao, Brian A. “Conventional and novel membrane channel proteins in 3D multicellular aggregate assembly and spreading.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, Brown University. Accessed February 27, 2021. https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:320458/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Bao, Brian A. “Conventional and novel membrane channel proteins in 3D multicellular aggregate assembly and spreading.” 2013. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Bao BA. Conventional and novel membrane channel proteins in 3D multicellular aggregate assembly and spreading. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Brown University; 2013. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:320458/.

Council of Science Editors:

Bao BA. Conventional and novel membrane channel proteins in 3D multicellular aggregate assembly and spreading. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Brown University; 2013. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:320458/

12. Curran, Sean P. The Effects of ABCG2 Transporter in Three Dimensions.

Degree: PhD, Biomedical Engineering, 2015, Brown University

URL: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:419488/

► None of the ABCG2 inhibitors are effective clinically against multi-drug resistant tumors overexpressing ABCG2. It is known that upregulation of drug efflux pumps leads to… (more)

▼ None of the ABCG2 inhibitors are effective clinically against multi-drug resistant tumors overexpressing ABCG2. It is known that upregulation of drug efflux pumps leads to multi-drug resistance, but less is known about the role of the tumor microenvironment and its architecture. New in vitro models are needed to characterize inhibitors and discover new ones. We first report a 3D spheroid model and image-based method to quantify ABCG2 action. Nonadhesive micro-molds were used to self-assemble spheroids overexpressing ABCG2; these spheroids were then incubated with the transporter substrate Hoechst 33342. Time-lapse fluorescent microscopy was used to determine the transporter-dependent efflux of Hoechst 33342 and dose response of three inhibitors (Ko143, Iressa, Elacridar). This 3D microtissue model was also used to determine the time to maximal effect as well as duration of effect after inhibitor removal. All acted within one hour and Elacridar had a surprisingly long duration of effect, active 5 hours after removal. Second, we report a 3D in vitro model of spheroids with mixtures of cells expressing high and low levels of ABCG2, quantifying pump activity by the ability to reject the fluorescent dye Hoechst 33342. With respect to the organization of the mixed spheroids, three different architectures were observed: 1) high-expressing ABCG2 cells located in the spheroid core surrounded by low-expressing cells, 2) high-expressing ABCG2 cells intermixed with low-expressing cells and 3) high-expressing ABCG2 cells surrounding a core of low-expressing cells. When high-expressing ABCG2 cells were in the core or intermixed, Hoechst uptake was directly proportional to the percentage of ABCG2 cells. When high-expressing ABCG2 cell formed an outer coating surrounding spheroids, small numbers of ABCG2 cells were disproportionately effective at inhibiting uptake. Specific inhibitors of the ABCG2 transporter eliminated the effect of this coating. Confocal microscopy of spheroids revealed the location of high- and low-expressing cells, and Hoechst fluorescence revealed that the ABCG2-dependant drug concentration in the cancer microenvironment is influenced by pump expression level and distribution among the cells within a tissue. Advisors/Committee Members: Morgan, Jeffrey (Director), Harnett, Karen (Reader), Mathiowitz, Edith (Reader), Tripathi, Anubhav (Reader), Meenach, Samantha (Reader).

Subjects/Keywords: ABCG2

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APA (6^th Edition):

Curran, S. P. (2015). The Effects of ABCG2 Transporter in Three Dimensions. (Doctoral Dissertation). Brown University. Retrieved from https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:419488/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Curran, Sean P. “The Effects of ABCG2 Transporter in Three Dimensions.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Brown University. Accessed February 27, 2021. https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:419488/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Curran, Sean P. “The Effects of ABCG2 Transporter in Three Dimensions.” 2015. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Curran SP. The Effects of ABCG2 Transporter in Three Dimensions. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Brown University; 2015. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:419488/.

Council of Science Editors:

Curran SP. The Effects of ABCG2 Transporter in Three Dimensions. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Brown University; 2015. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:419488/

13. Baker, Christopher Michael. Effects of Pressure on the Morphology of Semi-Crystalline Polymers.

Degree: Artificial Organs, Biomaterials, and Cell Technology, 2016, Brown University

URL: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:733264/

► When exposed to pressures below and above their glass transition temperature (Tg) and melting temperatures (Tm) over time, both the amorphous and crystalline regions of… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: morphology

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APA (6^th Edition):

Baker, C. M. (2016). Effects of Pressure on the Morphology of Semi-Crystalline Polymers. (Thesis). Brown University. Retrieved from https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:733264/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Baker, Christopher Michael. “Effects of Pressure on the Morphology of Semi-Crystalline Polymers.” 2016. Thesis, Brown University. Accessed February 27, 2021. https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:733264/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Baker, Christopher Michael. “Effects of Pressure on the Morphology of Semi-Crystalline Polymers.” 2016. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Baker CM. Effects of Pressure on the Morphology of Semi-Crystalline Polymers. [Internet] [Thesis]. Brown University; 2016. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:733264/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Baker CM. Effects of Pressure on the Morphology of Semi-Crystalline Polymers. [Thesis]. Brown University; 2016. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:733264/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

14. Wu, Chia-Hsuan. Controlled drug delivery via Carbon Nanotube.

Degree: PhD, Biomedical Engineering, 2012, Brown University

URL: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:297575/

► This dissertation focuses on the development of new drug delivery platforms using carbon nanotubes. Two nanotube systems, namely single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and multi-walled… (more)

▼ This dissertation focuses on the development of new drug delivery platforms using carbon nanotubes. Two nanotube systems, namely single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were employed to this study. In the SWNT system, pristine SWNTs were non-covalently functionalized with different amphiphilic macromolecules such as amine-terminated polyethylene glycol phospholipids (PL-PEG-NH2) and single-strand DNA that render them water soluble and biocompatible. Such successful functionalization was confirmed by atomic force microscope (AFM) and Raman spectroscopy showing the well dispersion of the water soluble SWNTs on the substrate. Therapeutic molecules, such as short interfering RNA (siRNA), were covalently conjugated onto SWNTs as the cargo of the drug delivery system. By utilizing the degradation nature of enzyme in the endosomes/lysosomes, enzymatic cleavable disulfide bond was incorporated into the SWNT conjugate to achieve intracellular delivery. The result showed a promising silencing effect on preserved bioactivity of siRNA in EGFP-transfected cells by SWCNT system post-delivery. For the MWNT system, we report an innovative drug delivery system based on carbon nanotubes, which can encapsulate toxic compounds in hydrogel gelatin within the nanotube. Similar to the "Trojan-Horse" in function, we demonstrate internal delivery of a low dose combination of ceramide plus Taxol to multi-drug resistance pancreatic cancer cell lines, that is precisely released on-command by inductive heating of the nanotubes with an external a.c. magnetic field. Cell viability study by an in vitro cytotoxicity assay (MTT) for the therapeutic treatment by Taxol/C6 ceramide-loaded CNTs showed that the cancer cells remain intact in the presence of the Taxol/C6 ceramide-loaded but dormant nanotubes. No noticeable drop in cell viability was observed in cells incubated with the empty-CNTs control sample, indicating that the strength and frequency of the a.c. magnetic field used proved to be safe to cells, showing 98% survivability. The 100 fold difference between the exogenous drug concentration and the intracellular drug concentration using our Trojan-Horse CNTs as drug delivery vehicle required to produce cell death has the potential benefit of greatly reducing drug side effects. Advisors/Committee Members: Xu, Jimmy (Director), Tripathi, Anubhav (Reader), Hurt, Robert (Reader), Marshall, John (Reader), Wanebo, Harold (Reader).

Subjects/Keywords: drug delivery

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APA (6^th Edition):

Wu, C. (2012). Controlled drug delivery via Carbon Nanotube. (Doctoral Dissertation). Brown University. Retrieved from https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:297575/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Wu, Chia-Hsuan. “Controlled drug delivery via Carbon Nanotube.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Brown University. Accessed February 27, 2021. https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:297575/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Wu, Chia-Hsuan. “Controlled drug delivery via Carbon Nanotube.” 2012. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Wu C. Controlled drug delivery via Carbon Nanotube. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Brown University; 2012. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:297575/.

Council of Science Editors:

Wu C. Controlled drug delivery via Carbon Nanotube. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Brown University; 2012. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:297575/

15. Seil, Justin T. Synergistic Antibacterial Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Ultrasound Stimulation.

Degree: PhD, Biomedical Engineering, 2012, Brown University

URL: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:297578/

► Particulate zinc oxide (ZnO) is a well-known antibacterial agent. Studies have shown that reducing the size of ZnO particles to nanoscale dimensions further enhances their… (more)

▼ Particulate zinc oxide (ZnO) is a well-known antibacterial agent. Studies have shown that reducing the size of ZnO particles to nanoscale dimensions further enhances their antibacterial properties. The antibacterial mechanisms of ZnO nanoparticles may include the release of zinc ions from the material at the particle or grain boundaries and subsequent interference with bacteria metabolism, production of reactive oxygen species, and physical abrasion damage to the bacteria membranes. Ultrasound may enhance the antibacterial effect of ZnO nanoparticles by dispersing nanoparticle agglomerates and flocculated bacteria, enhancing penetration of nanoparticles into bacteria cell bodies, and increasing the release of zinc ions from particle surfaces by mechanical stimulation. The present study investigated the antibacterial effect of ZnO nanoparticles both in the absence and presence of ultrasound stimulation. While the antibacterial effect of the control nanoparticle (aluminum oxide) was either weak or unobservable under the conditions tested, the antibacterial effect of ZnO was significant. The antibacterial effect was enhanced as ZnO nanoparticle diameter decreased. Moreover, ZnO nanoparticles exhibited a more dramatic antibacterial effect in the presence of less dense bacteria cell populations. Specifically, when testing the antibacterial effect against bacteria populations relevant to infection, a 500 µg/ml dose of ZnO nanoparticles with a diameter of 20 nm reduced Staphylococcus aureus populations by four orders of magnitude after 24 h, compared to control groups with no nanoparticles. The addition of ultrasound stimulation further reduced the number of viable colony forming units present in a planktonic cell suspension by 76% compared to nanoparticles alone. The strong efficacy of ZnO nanoparticles under static conditions and the identification of novel ways to further enhance efficacy may lead to the development of novel ways to treat infection in the clinical setting. Advisors/Committee Members: Webster, Thomas (Director), Tarquinio, Keiko (Reader), Bennett, Richard (Reader), Tripathi, Anubhav (Reader), Basu, Bikramjit (Reader).

Subjects/Keywords: nanomaterials

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APA (6^th Edition):

Seil, J. T. (2012). Synergistic Antibacterial Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Ultrasound Stimulation. (Doctoral Dissertation). Brown University. Retrieved from https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:297578/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Seil, Justin T. “Synergistic Antibacterial Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Ultrasound Stimulation.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Brown University. Accessed February 27, 2021. https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:297578/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Seil, Justin T. “Synergistic Antibacterial Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Ultrasound Stimulation.” 2012. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Seil JT. Synergistic Antibacterial Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Ultrasound Stimulation. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Brown University; 2012. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:297578/.

Council of Science Editors:

Seil JT. Synergistic Antibacterial Effect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Ultrasound Stimulation. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Brown University; 2012. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:297578/

16. Machado, Mary C. Dynamic Airway Analysis of Nanomodified Endotracheal Tubes: Improved Antimicrobial Properties.

Degree: Biomedical Engineering, 2017, Brown University

URL: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:730630/

► Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) is a complication of mechanical ventilation that develops in a subset of critically ill patients in the pediatric intensive care unit.… (more)

▼ Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) is a complication of mechanical ventilation that develops in a subset of critically ill patients in the pediatric intensive care unit. VAP is tied to the devices used during ventilation like the endotracheal tube (ETT). Nanomodified surfaces (or surfaces with features <100 nm in one direction) could provide a solution to the problems of VAP due to their unique surface area and energetics. The present study sought to develop a new strategy to decrease bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on the surface of the ETT by nanoetching ETT with the fungal lipase Rhizopus arrhizus. This study also sought to develop a better method to assess in vitro bacterial adhesion or biofilm formation on ETT by creating a custom made bench top airway model of the pediatric respiratory system to simulate the conditions that the ETT is exposed to in vivo. This study showed that the lipase etching process produced no significant difference in the surface chemistry of the ETT. Results from the lung box system proved that the conditions found in mechanical ventilation have a significant impact on the evaluation of nanomodified material. A nearly 200-fold decrease in bacterial growth was seen on the nanomodified ETTs tested in the dynamic system, as compared to static studies. Dynamic studies also showed biofilm formation varies by location within the ETT with areas of tube curvature, such as the connection between the oropharynx and the larynx, correlated with larger amounts of biofilm. Critically, significant decreases were seen in the growth of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) on nanomodified ETT. Log reductions of 1.65 for S. aureus and 1.53 for P. aeruginosa were seen on nanomodified ETT as compared to untreated tubes. Importantly, lipase etched nanomodified PVC ETT decreased bacterial growth by changing the nanoroughness of the surface, not by changing surface chemistry or by the use of antibacterial agents. Thus, nanomodified ETT could provide an inexpensive and effective solution to the problem of VAP. Advisors/Committee Members: Webster, Thomas (Director), Tripathi, Anubhav (Director), Breuer, Kenneth (Reader), Rounds, Sharon (Reader), Koppes, Abigail (Reader).

Subjects/Keywords: nanorough

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APA (6^th Edition):

Machado, M. C. (2017). Dynamic Airway Analysis of Nanomodified Endotracheal Tubes: Improved Antimicrobial Properties. (Thesis). Brown University. Retrieved from https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:730630/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Machado, Mary C. “Dynamic Airway Analysis of Nanomodified Endotracheal Tubes: Improved Antimicrobial Properties.” 2017. Thesis, Brown University. Accessed February 27, 2021. https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:730630/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Machado, Mary C. “Dynamic Airway Analysis of Nanomodified Endotracheal Tubes: Improved Antimicrobial Properties.” 2017. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Machado MC. Dynamic Airway Analysis of Nanomodified Endotracheal Tubes: Improved Antimicrobial Properties. [Internet] [Thesis]. Brown University; 2017. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:730630/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Machado MC. Dynamic Airway Analysis of Nanomodified Endotracheal Tubes: Improved Antimicrobial Properties. [Thesis]. Brown University; 2017. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:730630/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

17. Liu, Hanyang. Auranofin releasing antibacterial and antibiofilm polyurethane intravascular catheter coatings.

Degree: Biomedical Engineering, 2018, Brown University

URL: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:792789/

► Intravascular catheter related bloodstream infections are a leading cause of hospital-acquired nosocomial infections all over the world, which result in not only the burden of… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Antibacterial material

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APA (6^th Edition):

Liu, H. (2018). Auranofin releasing antibacterial and antibiofilm polyurethane intravascular catheter coatings. (Thesis). Brown University. Retrieved from https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:792789/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Liu, Hanyang. “Auranofin releasing antibacterial and antibiofilm polyurethane intravascular catheter coatings.” 2018. Thesis, Brown University. Accessed February 27, 2021. https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:792789/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Liu, Hanyang. “Auranofin releasing antibacterial and antibiofilm polyurethane intravascular catheter coatings.” 2018. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Liu H. Auranofin releasing antibacterial and antibiofilm polyurethane intravascular catheter coatings. [Internet] [Thesis]. Brown University; 2018. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:792789/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Liu H. Auranofin releasing antibacterial and antibiofilm polyurethane intravascular catheter coatings. [Thesis]. Brown University; 2018. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:792789/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

18. Labriola, Nicholas Ryan. The Role of Mechanical Properties in Stem Cell Adipogenesis.

Degree: Biomedical Engineering, 2016, Brown University

URL: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:733393/

► Abstract of “The Role of Mechanical Properties in Stem Cell Adipogenesis” by Nicholas R. Labriola, Ph.D., Brown University, May 2017 The mechanical properties of cells… (more)

▼ Abstract of “The Role of Mechanical Properties in Stem Cell Adipogenesis” by Nicholas R. Labriola, Ph.D., Brown University, May 2017 The mechanical properties of cells and their substrates have important biological implications, especially for stem cell differentiation. Individual cells within stem cell populations exhibit varying differentiation potentials for specific lineages and respond uniquely to chemical or mechanical cues. The first study described herein involved characterizing the heterogeneity in differentiation response and mechanical properties of single cells within adipogenically differentiating populations of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) in two-dimensional monolayers. The upregulation of the adipogenic gene, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), was associated with a drastic drop in the elastic modulus of individual cells. The percent of the population expressing PPARG increased gradually in samples provided adipogenic induction medium, while control samples maintained a constant level of expression. This study showed that the gradual decrease in elasticity of adipogenically differentiating populations, previously reported in literature, is driven by a sub-population of cells responding to the induction cues. This stresses the need to consider heterogeneity in stem cell differentiation responses when drawing conclusions, as population-based assessments can mask underlying contributions from the sub-populations that drive such changes. The second study involved the generation of mechanically distinct and stable polyacrylamide microbeads using inverse emulsification to mimic the size and elasticity of living cells. The third study involved delivering these microbeads to ASCs in three-dimensional spheroid cultures to determine the effects of mechanical cues on adipogenic differentiation response and whole-spheroid mechanophenotype, both with and without chemical induction factors. Results showed little change in the expression of lineage-specific mRNA in response to substrate stiffness for either three-dimensional, or paired two-dimensional cultures, both with and without induction factors. Three-dimensional spheroids of ASCs stiffened in accordance with the elasticity of the incorporated microbeads when cultured with adipogenic medium, and became more compliant and dissociated when cultured with microbeads stiffer than the cells themselves without chemical induction factors present. This demonstrates that ASCs still respond to mechanical properties in three-dimensional culture, however, there was little change in the differentiation response as measured by lineage-specific gene expression. Additional research will focus on distributing the microbeads more evenly throughout spheroids to increase the number of cells exposed to these mechanical cues. Advisors/Committee Members: Darling, Eric (Advisor), Chickering, Donald (Reader), Morgan, Jeffrey (Reader), Franck, Christian (Reader), Tripathi, Anubhav (Reader).

Subjects/Keywords: Stem cells – Research

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APA (6^th Edition):

Labriola, N. R. (2016). The Role of Mechanical Properties in Stem Cell Adipogenesis. (Thesis). Brown University. Retrieved from https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:733393/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Labriola, Nicholas Ryan. “The Role of Mechanical Properties in Stem Cell Adipogenesis.” 2016. Thesis, Brown University. Accessed February 27, 2021. https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:733393/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Labriola, Nicholas Ryan. “The Role of Mechanical Properties in Stem Cell Adipogenesis.” 2016. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Labriola NR. The Role of Mechanical Properties in Stem Cell Adipogenesis. [Internet] [Thesis]. Brown University; 2016. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:733393/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Labriola NR. The Role of Mechanical Properties in Stem Cell Adipogenesis. [Thesis]. Brown University; 2016. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:733393/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

19. Patel, Roshni S. Cell-based Growth Factor Delivery For In Situ Tissue Regeneration and Repair.

Degree: PhD, Biomedical Engineering, 2011, Brown University

URL: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:11236/

► Growth factors are recognized as a vital component in the biological repair process, and the strategies developed for in situ tissue engineering and regenerative medicine… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: growth factor delivery

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APA (6^th Edition):

Patel, R. S. (2011). Cell-based Growth Factor Delivery For In Situ Tissue Regeneration and Repair. (Doctoral Dissertation). Brown University. Retrieved from https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:11236/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Patel, Roshni S. “Cell-based Growth Factor Delivery For In Situ Tissue Regeneration and Repair.” 2011. Doctoral Dissertation, Brown University. Accessed February 27, 2021. https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:11236/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Patel, Roshni S. “Cell-based Growth Factor Delivery For In Situ Tissue Regeneration and Repair.” 2011. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Patel RS. Cell-based Growth Factor Delivery For In Situ Tissue Regeneration and Repair. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Brown University; 2011. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:11236/.

Council of Science Editors:

Patel RS. Cell-based Growth Factor Delivery For In Situ Tissue Regeneration and Repair. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Brown University; 2011. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:11236/

20. Dean, Douglas Carl. Quantitative Measurement of White Matter Development Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Degree: PhD, Electrical Sciences and Computer Engineering, 2014, Brown University

URL: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:386209/

► The elaboration of the myelin sheath around neuronal axons is a cornerstone of human brain development. This process helps establish the rapid and efficient communication… (more)

▼ The elaboration of the myelin sheath around neuronal axons is a cornerstone of human brain development. This process helps establish the rapid and efficient communication pathways that integrate the neural systems responsible for higher order cognitive functioning. Using a novel, quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique, this dissertation examines the maturation of myelinated white matter in typically developing infants and toddlers. In particular, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies were conducted to measure and characterize the normative patterns of myelination. Non-linear changes were noted throughout the brain, with regional variation in the timing and magnitude of development. This developmental trajectory was found to follow a sigmoidal pattern and models of these growth patterns were developed and statistically examined, thus characterizing normative myelination and establishing a strong foundation for future studies of typical and atypical brain development. Developmental differences between males and females; and in children genetically predisposed to late-onset Alzheimer's disease were additionally investigated. Rates of development between males and females were found to differ across the brain, while carriers of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele were found to have dissimilar developmental trajectories than non-carriers. Finally, relationships between cognitive function and brain structure were examined. Myelination patterns were observed to strongly correlate with evolving alterations of gross motor, receptive language, and visual reception abilities; while changes in expressive language and fine motor functioning were found to vary with developmental stage. This thesis substanitally contributes to a growing body of literature that is focused on understanding the highly dynamic and nonlinear mechanisms that support normative brain development. Studies of early development are essential in order to 1. Elucidate how the brain typically develops; 2. Understand the relationships between structural and functional development in the healthy brain; and 3. Identify atypical neurodevelopmental patterns that may underlie a host of developmental, intellectual, and learning disorders. Advisors/Committee Members: Deoni, Sean (Director), Tripathi, Anubhav (Reader), Amso, Dima (Reader), Kolind, Shannon (Reader).

Subjects/Keywords: Myelin Water Fraction

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APA (6^th Edition):

Dean, D. C. (2014). Quantitative Measurement of White Matter Development Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. (Doctoral Dissertation). Brown University. Retrieved from https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:386209/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Dean, Douglas Carl. “Quantitative Measurement of White Matter Development Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging.” 2014. Doctoral Dissertation, Brown University. Accessed February 27, 2021. https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:386209/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Dean, Douglas Carl. “Quantitative Measurement of White Matter Development Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging.” 2014. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Dean DC. Quantitative Measurement of White Matter Development Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Brown University; 2014. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:386209/.

Council of Science Editors:

Dean DC. Quantitative Measurement of White Matter Development Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Brown University; 2014. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:386209/

21. Creighton, Megan A. Implications of Surface Functionalization and Geometry on the Applications of Carbon Nanomaterial Colloids.

Degree: PhD, Fluids and Thermal Sciences, 2015, Brown University

URL: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:419445/

► Understanding the primary influences guiding the interactions of particles with their surroundings is a key obstacle to being able to intelligently exploit them for a… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: carbon nanomaterials

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APA (6^th Edition):

Creighton, M. A. (2015). Implications of Surface Functionalization and Geometry on the Applications of Carbon Nanomaterial Colloids. (Doctoral Dissertation). Brown University. Retrieved from https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:419445/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Creighton, Megan A. “Implications of Surface Functionalization and Geometry on the Applications of Carbon Nanomaterial Colloids.” 2015. Doctoral Dissertation, Brown University. Accessed February 27, 2021. https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:419445/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Creighton, Megan A. “Implications of Surface Functionalization and Geometry on the Applications of Carbon Nanomaterial Colloids.” 2015. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Creighton MA. Implications of Surface Functionalization and Geometry on the Applications of Carbon Nanomaterial Colloids. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Brown University; 2015. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:419445/.

Council of Science Editors:

Creighton MA. Implications of Surface Functionalization and Geometry on the Applications of Carbon Nanomaterial Colloids. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Brown University; 2015. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:419445/

22. Laiwalla, Farah. Development of Application-Specific Integrated Circuits for Multi-modal, Closed-loop Neural Prosthetic Devices.

Degree: Biomedical Engineering, 2016, Brown University

URL: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:733395/

► Neural Prosthetics are devices that are able to record brain activity and use it to manipulate the environment in a meaningful way. These devices have… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: Neuroprostheses

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APA (6^th Edition):

Laiwalla, F. (2016). Development of Application-Specific Integrated Circuits for Multi-modal, Closed-loop Neural Prosthetic Devices. (Thesis). Brown University. Retrieved from https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:733395/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Laiwalla, Farah. “Development of Application-Specific Integrated Circuits for Multi-modal, Closed-loop Neural Prosthetic Devices.” 2016. Thesis, Brown University. Accessed February 27, 2021. https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:733395/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Laiwalla, Farah. “Development of Application-Specific Integrated Circuits for Multi-modal, Closed-loop Neural Prosthetic Devices.” 2016. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Laiwalla F. Development of Application-Specific Integrated Circuits for Multi-modal, Closed-loop Neural Prosthetic Devices. [Internet] [Thesis]. Brown University; 2016. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:733395/.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Laiwalla F. Development of Application-Specific Integrated Circuits for Multi-modal, Closed-loop Neural Prosthetic Devices. [Thesis]. Brown University; 2016. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:733395/

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

23. Youssef, Jacquelyn. Quantifying Cellular Forces in 3D Self-Assembled Microtissues.

Degree: PhD, Biomedical Engineering, 2012, Brown University

URL: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:297574/

► Forces play an important role in physiology and pathology. Throughout development, cellular forces aid in the creation of tissues and organs. In wound healing, cellular… (more)

▼ Forces play an important role in physiology and pathology. Throughout development, cellular forces aid in the creation of tissues and organs. In wound healing, cellular forces result in wound closure but these forces in excess are implicated in fibrosis. Due to the importance of forces, much research has focused on quantifying these forces. Despite the number of 2D and 3D assays to measure cellular forces, most of the approaches have focused on the forces generated by cells on an extracellular matrix (ECM). Using reductionist approaches, much research has focused on measuring the forces and energies associated with the binding of the proteins involved in cellular contraction. However, there is little research about the forces and energies of these proteins working in concert. Needed is a systems biology approach to measure forces and energies in 3D tissues where cell-cell interactions dominate. Using 3D self-assembled toroid shaped microtissues, we developed an assay to measure the power associated with cell-cell adhesion. The assay takes a systems biology approach to measure how much power is exerted by cells as they self-assemble into toroid shaped microtissues and ascend a conical hydrogel peg. This novel approach allows the user to examine cell-cell forces in a 3D environment in a completely non-invasive and straightforward manner. The assay requires no instrument calibration and does not contact or manipulate samples, which can alter cell behavior. Using the assay, we have quantified and compared the self-assembly of normal human fibroblasts, a rat hepatocyte cell line, and their mixes. As well, we have used the assay to tease out the role of active cellular contraction and how it contributes to the power generation of both these cell types. Using this assay we have determined the importance of contractile forces in the self-assembly of cells, the role of heterotypic cell interactions in inducing cell power and its synergistic effect with transforming growth factor-beta1. In addition to these findings, we foresee this assay as being useful for a number of applications including discovering anti-fibrotic therapies, studying cancer cell metastasis, and examining self-sorting. Advisors/Committee Members: Morgan, Jeffrey (Director), Tripathi, Anubhav (Reader), Shenoy, Vivek (Reader), Darling, Eric (Reader), Billiar, Kristen (Reader).

Subjects/Keywords: Self-assembly

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APA (6^th Edition):

Youssef, J. (2012). Quantifying Cellular Forces in 3D Self-Assembled Microtissues. (Doctoral Dissertation). Brown University. Retrieved from https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:297574/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Youssef, Jacquelyn. “Quantifying Cellular Forces in 3D Self-Assembled Microtissues.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Brown University. Accessed February 27, 2021. https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:297574/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Youssef, Jacquelyn. “Quantifying Cellular Forces in 3D Self-Assembled Microtissues.” 2012. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Youssef J. Quantifying Cellular Forces in 3D Self-Assembled Microtissues. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Brown University; 2012. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:297574/.

Council of Science Editors:

Youssef J. Quantifying Cellular Forces in 3D Self-Assembled Microtissues. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Brown University; 2012. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:297574/

24. Puckett, Sabrina D. Select Nanofabricated Titanium Materials for Enhancing Bone and Skin Growth of Intraosseous Transcutaneous Amputation Prostheses.

Degree: PhD, Biomedical Engineering, 2009, Brown University

URL: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:235/

► Two major concerns with intraosseous transcutaneous amputation prostheses (ITAP) are lack of integration between the bone and metal interface and poor skin growth around the… (more)

▼ Two major concerns with intraosseous transcutaneous amputation prostheses (ITAP) are lack of integration between the bone and metal interface and poor skin growth around the exit site of the Ti abutment. Thus, the objective of this study involved the development of nanostructured materials to improve bone and skin tissue growth around the implant surface thereby providing better solutions for the restoration of limb function. To improve the interface between the Ti surface and bone, linear nanopatterned surfaces were fabricated on titanium using electron beam evaporation. This design was motivated by the idea that natural bone possesses highly organized nanostructures (such as Type I collagen and hydroxyapatite crystals). Results of this study revealed that Ti nanopatterns enhanced the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation (including alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium deposition, and collagen synthesis) of osteoblasts (bone-forming cells) compared to conventional Ti surfaces. Furthermore, it was found that the size of the nanopatterns affected osteoblast behavior suggesting there are optimal conditions for improving bone growth. To improve skin growth around the Ti surface, nanotubular Ti surfaces were created using anodization as well as nanorough Ti created using electron beam evaporation. Results indicated that keratinocyte (skin-forming cell) proliferation and morphology was better on the nanorough Ti surfaces. Functionalizing these surfaces with proteins (fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2)) further enhanced keratinocyte adhesion, offering additional design criteria to improve skin growth around the Ti abutment. With infection a major failure mode for ITAP devices, bacteria studies were completed. It was found that bacteria adhered less to the nanorough Ti surfaces compared to conventional Ti surfaces as well as nanotubular and nanotextured surfaces. Lastly, an in vivo study of a model ITAP device was completed in rats. It was found that bone and skin growth were improved on these nanofabricated Ti6Al4V surfaces compared to current conventional Ti6Al4V surfaces. Therefore, results of this in vitro and in vivo study provided surfaces created through novel nanofabrication methods (including electron beam evaporation and anodization) that lead to better osseointegration and skin growth around the Ti implant, thereby improving the function of ITAP for individuals with limb trauma. Advisors/Committee Members: Webster, Thomas (director), Hoffman-Kim, Diane (reader), Tripathi, Anubhav (reader), Sheldon, Brian (reader), Meyer, Donna (reader).

Subjects/Keywords: nanofabrication

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APA (6^th Edition):

Puckett, S. D. (2009). Select Nanofabricated Titanium Materials for Enhancing Bone and Skin Growth of Intraosseous Transcutaneous Amputation Prostheses. (Doctoral Dissertation). Brown University. Retrieved from https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:235/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Puckett, Sabrina D. “Select Nanofabricated Titanium Materials for Enhancing Bone and Skin Growth of Intraosseous Transcutaneous Amputation Prostheses.” 2009. Doctoral Dissertation, Brown University. Accessed February 27, 2021. https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:235/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Puckett, Sabrina D. “Select Nanofabricated Titanium Materials for Enhancing Bone and Skin Growth of Intraosseous Transcutaneous Amputation Prostheses.” 2009. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Puckett SD. Select Nanofabricated Titanium Materials for Enhancing Bone and Skin Growth of Intraosseous Transcutaneous Amputation Prostheses. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Brown University; 2009. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:235/.

Council of Science Editors:

Puckett SD. Select Nanofabricated Titanium Materials for Enhancing Bone and Skin Growth of Intraosseous Transcutaneous Amputation Prostheses. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Brown University; 2009. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:235/

25. Kim, Kwang-Min. New Insights into Nerve Regeneration in the Central Nervous System (CNS): Response of Rat Hippocampal Neurons to Chemical and Electrical Cues.

Degree: PhD, Biomedical Engineering, 2013, Brown University

URL: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:320550/

► To improve the capability of nerve regeneration following traumatic brain injuries, neurodegenerative diseases, and neurological disorders, it is essential to understand the mechanism that regulates… (more)

▼ To improve the capability of nerve regeneration following traumatic brain injuries, neurodegenerative diseases, and neurological disorders, it is essential to understand the mechanism that regulates the behaviors of mammalian neurons from the central nervous system (CNS). Toward this end, my Ph.D. dissertation focuses on the responses of neurons to various stimuli that mimic the environment of the CNS. Rat hippocampal neurons were used as a mammalian CNS model. With respect to chemical cues, this study demonstrated apolipoprotein E4 significantly enhanced neuronal adhesion and neurite outgrowth when compared to laminin, which is a conventional neuron culture substrate. With respect to electrical cues, it was shown that hippocampal neurons showed higher resistance to electric field as they have maturated axon and dendrites. These responses of neurons from the CNS are unusual and contradictory to the previous studies using neurons from the mammalian peripheral nervous system (PNS) or other species. To further investigate the role of the integrin receptor in CNS neurons, this dissertation also studied the downstream signaling pathways of integrin (ERK, Akt). This study demonstrated that hippocampal neurons used extracellular matrix (ECM)-integrin interaction for the regulation of extension patterns of neurite (i.e., straight or curly neurite) by activating the ERK pathway instead of the Akt pathway. This suggests that neurons in the CNS may require ECM-integrin interaction in order to enhance the efficiency in extending neurite to form synapses. For analyzing and quantifying neuronal behaviors in response to chemical/electrical stimuli, this study developed a novel image processing method by utilizing morphological functions and the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm in MATLAB. This automated method enables us to analyze a series of live neuron images in a batch process and determine the changes of neurite growth before and after stimulations, which saves time and labor when compared to conventional image analysis methods based on cell fixation and immunostaining. The culmination of the works in this dissertation will contribute to the areas of brain research that focuses on the development of therapies for neurological disorder or neurodegenerative disease in the CNS. Advisors/Committee Members: Palmore, Tayhas (Director), Zimmerman, Anita (Reader), Tripathi, Anubhav (Reader), Hurt, Robert (Reader), MacDonald, John (Reader).

Subjects/Keywords: Nerve regeneration

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APA (6^th Edition):

Kim, K. (2013). New Insights into Nerve Regeneration in the Central Nervous System (CNS): Response of Rat Hippocampal Neurons to Chemical and Electrical Cues. (Doctoral Dissertation). Brown University. Retrieved from https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:320550/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Kim, Kwang-Min. “New Insights into Nerve Regeneration in the Central Nervous System (CNS): Response of Rat Hippocampal Neurons to Chemical and Electrical Cues.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, Brown University. Accessed February 27, 2021. https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:320550/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Kim, Kwang-Min. “New Insights into Nerve Regeneration in the Central Nervous System (CNS): Response of Rat Hippocampal Neurons to Chemical and Electrical Cues.” 2013. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Kim K. New Insights into Nerve Regeneration in the Central Nervous System (CNS): Response of Rat Hippocampal Neurons to Chemical and Electrical Cues. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Brown University; 2013. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:320550/.

Council of Science Editors:

Kim K. New Insights into Nerve Regeneration in the Central Nervous System (CNS): Response of Rat Hippocampal Neurons to Chemical and Electrical Cues. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Brown University; 2013. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:320550/

26. Agha, Naubahar S. The Development of Transdermal Power Delivery and Freely-Moving Behavioral Applications Of Titanium Enclosed, Wireless, Neural Recording Implantable Devices.

Degree: PhD, Biomedical Engineering, 2016, Brown University

URL: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:674160/

► This study chronicles the development and application of a fully-implantable, battery powered, wireless, neural recording device to facilitate freely-moving behavioral studies, as well as therapeutic… (more)

▼ This study chronicles the development and application of a fully-implantable, battery powered, wireless, neural recording device to facilitate freely-moving behavioral studies, as well as therapeutic applications including epilepsy monitoring and brain-machine interfacing (BMI). This work expands on the implantable wireless neural interface, designed by Borton et al. [Journal of Neural Engineering, 2, 026010 (2013)], to transition it from experimental animal studies to human clinical use. The device life-span in an implanted setting was determined while also affirming its research potential with application specific studies. The device was successfully implanted and employed in behavioral experiments on multiple porcine as well as non-human primate animal models, for over 200 days each. The results showed that this active implantable device allows for a unique opportunity to study behavioral correlates of neural phenomena within unconstrained and freely-moving animal models of multiple species. Finally, a novel application of the Qi (pronounced "chee") wireless charging standard is incorporated as the transcutaneous energy transmission systems (TETS) to charge the battery within the active implantable device. This technology is implemented into the device utilizing a, slightly modified, off-the-shelf Qi compatible charger. Application specific designing and optimization of the wireless power transmission coil was performed. Our Qi inspired charging paradigm allows for our implantable device to be compatible with any Qi compatible wireless charger. Simulated implant conditions show that the internal heating of the device is compatible with the FDA regulated two degree Celsius rise from ambient conditions. In conclusion, the longevity of this device in an implanted setting has been validated, unique characteristics of the novel device were highlighted through specific research studies, and a consumer electronic wireless charging standard was integrated into the medical active implantable device territory. Advisors/Committee Members: Nurmikko, Arto (Director), Daniels, Jerry (Reader), Mathiowitz, Edith (Reader), Tripathi, Anubhav (Reader), Yin, Ming (Reader).

Subjects/Keywords: TETS

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APA (6^th Edition):

Agha, N. S. (2016). The Development of Transdermal Power Delivery and Freely-Moving Behavioral Applications Of Titanium Enclosed, Wireless, Neural Recording Implantable Devices. (Doctoral Dissertation). Brown University. Retrieved from https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:674160/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Agha, Naubahar S. “The Development of Transdermal Power Delivery and Freely-Moving Behavioral Applications Of Titanium Enclosed, Wireless, Neural Recording Implantable Devices.” 2016. Doctoral Dissertation, Brown University. Accessed February 27, 2021. https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:674160/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Agha, Naubahar S. “The Development of Transdermal Power Delivery and Freely-Moving Behavioral Applications Of Titanium Enclosed, Wireless, Neural Recording Implantable Devices.” 2016. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Agha NS. The Development of Transdermal Power Delivery and Freely-Moving Behavioral Applications Of Titanium Enclosed, Wireless, Neural Recording Implantable Devices. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Brown University; 2016. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:674160/.

Council of Science Editors:

Agha NS. The Development of Transdermal Power Delivery and Freely-Moving Behavioral Applications Of Titanium Enclosed, Wireless, Neural Recording Implantable Devices. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Brown University; 2016. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:674160/

27. Morabito, Kenneth B. Advancing Point-of-Care Applications through Ultraviolet Protective Mechanisms and Disease Diagnostics.

Degree: PhD, Biomedical Engineering, 2013, Brown University

URL: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:320480/

► Our research works to 1)understand protective mechanisms for improving sunscreens through the study of ultra violet light absorbers and 2) develop a novel detection and… (more)

▼ Our research works to 1)understand protective mechanisms for improving sunscreens through the study of ultra violet light absorbers and 2) develop a novel detection and amplification technique for infection diseases; specifically influenza sub-typing, HIV mutation detection and viral load quantification. Understanding UV protective mechanisms focuses on environmental health and improving disease diagnostics focuses on microbiological global health. Both seek solutions for engineering problems with global health implications. Sunscreens must be used as preventative point-of-care (POC) treatment and generating new pathways for safer UV protection products will help everyone globally. We investigate the spatial relationship of sunscreen components to better understand improving sunscreens and textiles through positioning of molecules and we use our gained knowledge of absorber/photostabilizer proximity to assess the photostability of sunscreen nanoparticles and sensitive natural dyes doped large concentrations of antioxidants. This research gives new insights to designing safer, photostable sunscreens and textiles. Developing new diagnostic technology for infectious diseases is critical in both the developed and developing world. HIV is non-discriminatory; however drug resistance mutation monitoring is much more readily available in the developed world. It is of global importance to help those infected with proper diagnosis so that drug resistant strains do not cause a pandemic. Similarly, influenza is a widespread pathogen in the developed world resulting in approximately 36,000 deaths annually in the Unites States and would benefit from better local containment. Our novel method for RNA detection, Simple Method for Amplifying RNA Targets (SMART), is advantageous over conventional methods of detection, particularly the speed of the assay and practicality in POC settings. We give a stepwise approach to understanding SMART and the important design parameters to consider. SMART is used to 1) detect and quantify synthetic samples of HIV-1 K103N within a wild type HIV-1 population and 2) detect clinical samples of influenza subtypes. Advisors/Committee Members: Tripathi, Anubhav (Director), Mathiowitz, Edith (Reader), Morgan, Jeffrey (Reader), Hurt, Robert (Reader), Kantor, Rami (Reader).

Subjects/Keywords: UV protection

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APA (6^th Edition):

Morabito, K. B. (2013). Advancing Point-of-Care Applications through Ultraviolet Protective Mechanisms and Disease Diagnostics. (Doctoral Dissertation). Brown University. Retrieved from https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:320480/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Morabito, Kenneth B. “Advancing Point-of-Care Applications through Ultraviolet Protective Mechanisms and Disease Diagnostics.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, Brown University. Accessed February 27, 2021. https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:320480/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Morabito, Kenneth B. “Advancing Point-of-Care Applications through Ultraviolet Protective Mechanisms and Disease Diagnostics.” 2013. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Morabito KB. Advancing Point-of-Care Applications through Ultraviolet Protective Mechanisms and Disease Diagnostics. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Brown University; 2013. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:320480/.

Council of Science Editors:

Morabito KB. Advancing Point-of-Care Applications through Ultraviolet Protective Mechanisms and Disease Diagnostics. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Brown University; 2013. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:320480/

28. Richardson, Julie Ann. Neurite outgrowth in response to topographical and molecular cues.

Degree: PhD, Biomedical Engineering, 2012, Brown University

URL: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:297581/

► Nerves must navigate through complex environmental cues during development and after injury to connect and reconnect with their proper targets to generate and regenerate function… (more)

▼ Nerves must navigate through complex environmental cues during development and after injury to connect and reconnect with their proper targets to generate and regenerate function of the nervous system. To develop strategies for nerve repair and to understand the basic biology of nerve guidance in response to the complex cues of their environment, neurite outgrowth must be quantified in response to systematic presentations of such cues. In this thesis, neurite outgrowth and alignment strength was determined in response to molecular and topographical guidance cues as permissive extracellular matrix molecule laminin (LN) and biomimetic or cell-based microfabricated topographical features. These studies revealed several characteristics of nerve growth and decision making. Neurites responded directly to biomimetic topography on two-dimensional polymeric films and within nerve guidance conduits. Neurite outgrowth on micropatterned LN stripes depended on the micropattern characteristics, and outgrowth and alignment was complex on multi-cue platforms exhibiting strategic and simultaneous presentation of combinations of molecular and topographical cues. Neurite outgrowth was enhanced on platforms where cues were combined in parallel, while neurites preferentially aligned to one cue when cues were orthogonally opposed. Asymmetric cell-based topographical features were fabricated and Schwann cell alignment and neurite outgrowth response was assessed. Schwann cells and neurons interacted with the asymmetric features directly, exhibiting alignment and outgrowth response that depended on the feature shape and dimensions. Neuronal adhesion and neurite outgrowth were assessed in the presence of a pharmacological inhibitor of ion channels implicated in mechanosensation of environmental topographical cues to determine whether such mechanistic pathways are involved in neurite guidance on these topographical features. Neuronal adhesion and alignment were impacted as inhibitor concentration increased. This type of study has not been performed on whole cell cultures, and as such, provides insights toward a mechanistic approach to understanding nerves growth decisions on cell-based biomaterials. This research improves our understanding of basic biological questions surrounding how nerves make navigational decisions, and informs strategies of biomaterial design for therapeutic approaches toward nerve repair. Advisors/Committee Members: Hoffman-Kim, Diane (Director), Morgan, Jeffrey (Reader), Tripathi, Anubhav (Reader), Darling, Eric (Reader), Mulvaney, Shawn (Reader).

Subjects/Keywords: neurite

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APA (6^th Edition):

Richardson, J. A. (2012). Neurite outgrowth in response to topographical and molecular cues. (Doctoral Dissertation). Brown University. Retrieved from https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:297581/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Richardson, Julie Ann. “Neurite outgrowth in response to topographical and molecular cues.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Brown University. Accessed February 27, 2021. https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:297581/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Richardson, Julie Ann. “Neurite outgrowth in response to topographical and molecular cues.” 2012. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Richardson JA. Neurite outgrowth in response to topographical and molecular cues. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Brown University; 2012. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:297581/.

Council of Science Editors:

Richardson JA. Neurite outgrowth in response to topographical and molecular cues. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Brown University; 2012. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:297581/

29. McCalla, Stephanie Ellen. Kinetics, Mass Transport, and Adsorption in Diagnostic Microfluidic Devices.

Degree: PhD, Biomedical Engineering, 2012, Brown University

URL: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:297573/

► Microfluidic devices have the potential to transform diagnostic assays by reducing error, complexity, time, and cost. Furthermore, the miniaturization of multiple assay steps onto a… (more)

Subjects/Keywords: NASBA

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APA (6^th Edition):

McCalla, S. E. (2012). Kinetics, Mass Transport, and Adsorption in Diagnostic Microfluidic Devices. (Doctoral Dissertation). Brown University. Retrieved from https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:297573/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

McCalla, Stephanie Ellen. “Kinetics, Mass Transport, and Adsorption in Diagnostic Microfluidic Devices.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Brown University. Accessed February 27, 2021. https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:297573/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

McCalla, Stephanie Ellen. “Kinetics, Mass Transport, and Adsorption in Diagnostic Microfluidic Devices.” 2012. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

McCalla SE. Kinetics, Mass Transport, and Adsorption in Diagnostic Microfluidic Devices. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Brown University; 2012. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:297573/.

Council of Science Editors:

McCalla SE. Kinetics, Mass Transport, and Adsorption in Diagnostic Microfluidic Devices. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Brown University; 2012. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:297573/

30. Azadi, Glareh. Microscale Transport Mechanisms: Effect of Electrokinetic and Interfacial Interactions.

Degree: PhD, Biomedical Engineering, 2013, Brown University

URL: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:386146/

► Electrokinetic transport, as a non-mechanical tool in driving the fluid is widely used in microfluidics. This mode of transport is highly desirable due to simple… (more)

▼ Electrokinetic transport, as a non-mechanical tool in driving the fluid is widely used in microfluidics. This mode of transport is highly desirable due to simple integration, precise flow control by an external electric field and applicability over a wide range of sample conductivities. Fluid transport by electrokinetic techniques is dominated by surface and interfacial interactions through electrostatic attractions around charged particles(electrophoresis) or adjacent to the channel surface(electroosmosis). Miniaturization at microscale provides a high surface to volume ratio where the surface forces and interfacial effects are significantly enhanced compare to macroscale geometries. For a successful design of an optimum microfluidic device, these interactions need to be precisely quantified and controlled. This thesis focuses on studying the interfacial and electrokinetic interactions in micro-geometries, with the goal of designing an optimal platform for separation and detection of biomolecules. First, the interaction of proteins with surfactant molecules was studied to address some of the fundamental issues in microchip electrophoresis such as simultaneous quantification and detection. This work was followed by developing a rapid method for detection and quantification of proteins by electrophoresis and immunodepletion techniques. In order to quantify the effect of surfactant adsorption on electrokinetic flow, electroosmotic mobility measurements were performed at the solid-liquid interface of plastic microcapillaries(poly methylmethacrylate, PMMA). In addition, the electrokinetic effects with respect to electroporation of the cell wall were applied to develop an effective technique for inhibition of gram-negative bacteria(E.Coli). Finally, the dispersion of a semi-infinite suspension of particles was investigated in a capillary, in order to study the effects of hydrodynamic interactions and capillary confinement on the diffusive behavior of the particles. Advisors/Committee Members: Tripathi, Anubhav (Director), Hurt, Robert (Reader), Hoffman-Kim, Diane (Reader), Wessel, Gary (Reader), Maxey, Martin (Reader).

Subjects/Keywords: Electrokinetic flow

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Azadi, G. (2013). Microscale Transport Mechanisms: Effect of Electrokinetic and Interfacial Interactions. (Doctoral Dissertation). Brown University. Retrieved from https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:386146/

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Azadi, Glareh. “Microscale Transport Mechanisms: Effect of Electrokinetic and Interfacial Interactions.” 2013. Doctoral Dissertation, Brown University. Accessed February 27, 2021. https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:386146/.

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Azadi, Glareh. “Microscale Transport Mechanisms: Effect of Electrokinetic and Interfacial Interactions.” 2013. Web. 27 Feb 2021.

Vancouver:

Azadi G. Microscale Transport Mechanisms: Effect of Electrokinetic and Interfacial Interactions. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Brown University; 2013. [cited 2021 Feb 27]. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:386146/.

Council of Science Editors:

Azadi G. Microscale Transport Mechanisms: Effect of Electrokinetic and Interfacial Interactions. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Brown University; 2013. Available from: https://repository.library.brown.edu/studio/item/bdr:386146/

Open Access Theses and Dissertations