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Bowling Green State University
1.
Neuhaus, TJ.
Gender Perception Dependent on Fundamental Frequency, Source
Spectral Tilt, and Formant Frequencies.
Degree: MS, Communication Disorders, 2020, Bowling Green State University
URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1586535654035042 
► <b>Objective.</b> To explore how listeners use three aspects of the acoustic signal in the novel context of formant space configurations to determine speaker gender.<b>Methods.</b> The…
(more)
▼ <b>Objective.</b> To explore how listeners
use three aspects of the acoustic signal in the novel context of
formant space configurations to determine speaker
gender.<b>Methods.</b> The software Madde, Praat, and
Audacity were used to synthesize 210 sound files that each contain
the vowels /i, æ, ɑ, u/ separated by brief silences (i.e., the
formant space configuration context). The 210 files were created by
combining 10 values for fundamental frequency, seven sets of
formant frequencies (vocal tract length), and three values for
source spectral tilt. The lowest values for formant frequencies
(longest value for vocal tract length) and fundamental frequency
each correspond to the values for the average male. The highest
values for formant frequencies (shortest vocal tract length) and
fundamental frequency each correspond to the values for the average
female. The values for source spectral tilt approximate the voice
qualities of breathy, normal, and pressed. Twenty-three listeners
judged the gender of the “speaker” of the synthesized sounds as
female or male.<b>Results.</b> Increases in fundamental
frequency and formant frequencies (decreases in vocal tract length)
correlated with increased likelihood of judgement of female. An
interaction between source spectral tilt and formant frequencies
(vocal tract length) revealed that an increase in the steepness of
source spectral tilt increased likelihood of judgement of female
only when formant frequencies were high (vocal tract length was
short). An interaction between formant frequencies (vocal tract
length) and fundamental frequency revealed listeners were more
sensitive to changes in fundamental frequency when formant
frequencies were high (vocal tract length was
short).<b>Conclusions.</b> Both fundamental frequency
and formant frequencies are strong cues to speaker gender. The
contribution of other cues, such as source spectral tilt were
subtle. The observed interactions point to gender aspects of speech
perception as a complex phenomenon.
Advisors/Committee Members: Scherer, Ronald (Advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Acoustics; Speech Therapy; Gender; speech; perception; gender perception; speech perception; fundamental frequency; source spectral tilt; spectral tilt; formant frequencies; vocal tract length
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APA (6th Edition):
Neuhaus, T. (2020). Gender Perception Dependent on Fundamental Frequency, Source
Spectral Tilt, and Formant Frequencies. (Masters Thesis). Bowling Green State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1586535654035042
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Neuhaus, TJ. “Gender Perception Dependent on Fundamental Frequency, Source
Spectral Tilt, and Formant Frequencies.” 2020. Masters Thesis, Bowling Green State University. Accessed January 20, 2021.
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1586535654035042.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Neuhaus, TJ. “Gender Perception Dependent on Fundamental Frequency, Source
Spectral Tilt, and Formant Frequencies.” 2020. Web. 20 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Neuhaus T. Gender Perception Dependent on Fundamental Frequency, Source
Spectral Tilt, and Formant Frequencies. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Bowling Green State University; 2020. [cited 2021 Jan 20].
Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1586535654035042.
Council of Science Editors:
Neuhaus T. Gender Perception Dependent on Fundamental Frequency, Source
Spectral Tilt, and Formant Frequencies. [Masters Thesis]. Bowling Green State University; 2020. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1586535654035042
Bowling Green State University
2.
Lau, Hiu Yan Crystal.
Objective Measure of Two Musical Interpretations of an
Excerpt from Berlioz's "La Mort d'Ophelie".
Degree: MS, Interdisciplinary Studies, 2020, Bowling Green State University
URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1586877620452912
► Objective:Art song is a unique genre in the realm of European classical music, which embraces the combined beauty of vocal melody, instrumental accompaniment, and text.…
(more)
▼ Objective:Art song is a unique genre in the realm of
European classical music, which embraces the combined beauty of
vocal melody, instrumental accompaniment, and text. In a
performance context, the same composition can be performed with a
variety of emotional interpretations. The purpose of this study was
to determine sound production differences relative to two emotional
interpretations in performing an excerpt from a classical art song.
Methods/Design:The first author, a soprano with a master’s degree
in vocal performance, recorded an excerpt from “La Mort d’Ophelie”
composed by Hector Berlioz (1803-69). The excerpt was sung in two
contrasting musical interpretations: an “empathetic legato”
approach, and a “sarcastic” approach with emphatic attacks.
Microphone, airflow (Glottal Enterprises MSIF-2), and
electroglottography (EGG; Kay Model 6103) signals were digitized.
These recordings were analyzed for acoustic, airflow, and
glottographic measures. The vowels in the musical excerpt were
analyzed in terms of intensity, long term average spectra (LTAS),
fundamental frequency vibrato rate and extent, vowel onset,
intensity comparison of harmonic frequencies, and glottal measures
based on electroglottograph waveforms. Results &
Conclusions:Data analyses revealed that stressed vowels, when
performed with the emphatic approach compared to the legato
approach, had faster vowel onset, increased glottal adduction
(relative to the EGGW25 measure), increased intensity of harmonics
in the 1500 to 3000 Hz range, inferred increase in subglottal
pressure, increased airflow for the /f/ consonant, and greater
aspiration airflow for the plosives /t/ and /p/. The vibrato extent
for both fo and airflow were both greater for the emphatic
approach. Findings also revealed larger amplitude values of the EGG
waveform, but this finding was not statistically significant.
Long-term average spectrum (LTAS) analyses of the entire production
displayed minor increases across all formant frequencies for the
emphatic approach. While this is a single-case objective study, it
emphasizes the reality and informative nature of physiological,
aerodynamic, and acoustic production differences in the pedagogical
and interpretive aspects of art song performance. Vocal performers,
teachers, and other music educators may benefit from applying
findings like those of this study to developing performance
strategies while maintaining healthy vocal
production.
Advisors/Committee Members: Scherer, Ronald C. (Advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Music; Music Education; Speech Therapy; Voice; Music; Performance; Art song; Musical interpretation; Emotional interpretation; Voice Science; Vocal pedagogy; Objective measures; Acoustics; Glottography; Airflow; Intensity; Harmonics; Formants; EGG; Electroglottography
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APA (6th Edition):
Lau, H. Y. C. (2020). Objective Measure of Two Musical Interpretations of an
Excerpt from Berlioz's "La Mort d'Ophelie". (Masters Thesis). Bowling Green State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1586877620452912
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Lau, Hiu Yan Crystal. “Objective Measure of Two Musical Interpretations of an
Excerpt from Berlioz's "La Mort d'Ophelie".” 2020. Masters Thesis, Bowling Green State University. Accessed January 20, 2021.
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1586877620452912.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Lau, Hiu Yan Crystal. “Objective Measure of Two Musical Interpretations of an
Excerpt from Berlioz's "La Mort d'Ophelie".” 2020. Web. 20 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Lau HYC. Objective Measure of Two Musical Interpretations of an
Excerpt from Berlioz's "La Mort d'Ophelie". [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Bowling Green State University; 2020. [cited 2021 Jan 20].
Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1586877620452912.
Council of Science Editors:
Lau HYC. Objective Measure of Two Musical Interpretations of an
Excerpt from Berlioz's "La Mort d'Ophelie". [Masters Thesis]. Bowling Green State University; 2020. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1586877620452912
Bowling Green State University
3.
Diekema, Emily D.
Acoustic Measurements of Clear Speech Cue Fade in Adults
with Idiopathic Parkinson Disease.
Degree: MS, Communication Disorders, 2016, Bowling Green State University
URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1460063159
► The purpose of this study was to examine the potential fade in the effects of a clear speech cue on selected acoustic features of Parkinsonian…
(more)
▼ The purpose of this study was to examine the potential
fade in the effects of a clear speech cue on selected acoustic
features of Parkinsonian speech as participants read a passage.
Participants were 12 adults with idiopathic Parkinson disease (mean
age = 73 years), reading a passage with the instructions to
"Produce the items as clearly as possible, as if I am having
trouble hearing or understanding you." The effects of clear speech
were measured using speech rate, articulation rate, fundamental
frequency, variation in fundamental frequency, intensity difference
between stressed and unstressed syllables, and intensity change
from the beginning of the passage to the end. Results indicated
that the clear speech cue broke down early in the reading as
suggested by an increase in speech and articulation rates, a
decrease in fundamental frequency standard deviation, and an
overall decrease in intensity. There was a negligible decrease in
average fundamental frequency and the maintenance of the difference
between intensity between the two syllables of "rainbow;" near the
beginning and end of the reading. These findings suggest that some
prosodic aspects (laryngeal, short-term respiratory) may reflect
maintenance of the clear speech cue or general stability, but more
global aspects of speech over time (long-term articulation,
long-term respiratory control) suggest the lack of maintaining the
clear speech cue or relatively little response to the clear speech
cue.
Advisors/Committee Members: Scherer, Ronald C. (Advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Speech Therapy; Acoustics; cue fade; parkinson; parkinsons disease; acoustic features; speech rate; articulation rate; percent pause time; intensity; rainbow passage; fundamental frequency; clear speech
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APA (6th Edition):
Diekema, E. D. (2016). Acoustic Measurements of Clear Speech Cue Fade in Adults
with Idiopathic Parkinson Disease. (Masters Thesis). Bowling Green State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1460063159
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Diekema, Emily D. “Acoustic Measurements of Clear Speech Cue Fade in Adults
with Idiopathic Parkinson Disease.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Bowling Green State University. Accessed January 20, 2021.
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1460063159.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Diekema, Emily D. “Acoustic Measurements of Clear Speech Cue Fade in Adults
with Idiopathic Parkinson Disease.” 2016. Web. 20 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Diekema ED. Acoustic Measurements of Clear Speech Cue Fade in Adults
with Idiopathic Parkinson Disease. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Bowling Green State University; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 20].
Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1460063159.
Council of Science Editors:
Diekema ED. Acoustic Measurements of Clear Speech Cue Fade in Adults
with Idiopathic Parkinson Disease. [Masters Thesis]. Bowling Green State University; 2016. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1460063159
Bowling Green State University
4.
Perrine, Brittany L.
The Influence of Stress on the Voice.
Degree: PhD, Communication Disorders, 2018, Bowling Green State University
URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1522269980727815
► Although stress has been frequently attributed to voice disorder development and progression, little work has been done to determine the role of activation of the…
(more)
▼ Although stress has been frequently attributed to
voice disorder development and progression, little work has been
done to determine the role of activation of the two major stress
systems [the sympathetic nervous system and the
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA)] on changes in voice
production parameters.Nineteen healthy female participants (median
age: 18; range: 18 to 23) were subjected to the Trier Social Stress
Test protocol. Voice production parameters (average airflow,
estimated subglottal pressure, laryngeal airflow resistance, open
quotient from the EGG signal, speaking fundamental frequency, and
percent of syllables produced in vocal fry) were measured at seven
measurement time points (2 before the stressor, 1 after an
anticipatory period, and 4 after the stressor). Participants rated
their levels of stress and nine emotions and provided saliva
samples at each measurement time. Salivary cortisol and salivary
alpha-amylase were measured from the saliva samples.Ten of the 19
participants experienced a minimum 2.5 nmol/l increase in salivary
cortisol levels from before the stressor to after the stressor,
indicating that they had HPA axis activation. There were no
significant changes in aerodynamic or electroglottographic measures
over the seven measurement time points. There was a significant
increase in speaking fundamental frequency before the stressor and
a reduction in fundamental frequency after the stressor. Estimated
subglottal pressure and laryngeal airflow resistance measures were
significantly higher in participants who did not experience an HPA
axis response. The findings of the current study further support
the body of literature that has reported mainly individual changes
in voice production parameters following stress. However, the
addition of salivary cortisol measures in the present study
revealed the novel finding that there are consistent voice
production differences between participants who experience HPA axis
activation and those who do not. The higher estimated subglottal
pressure and laryngeal airflow resistance measures in the group of
participants who did not experience HPA activation overlap with
pressures and resistances reported for those with voice disorders.
Based on this, it is postulated that HPA axis response may be
related, either through behavioral or physical adaptations, or
personality factors, to the development of voice
disorders.
Advisors/Committee Members: Scherer, Ronald (Advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Speech Therapy; voice; stress; aerodynamics; cortisol; stress reactivity; electroglottography; vocal fry; fundamental frequency; alpha-amylase; hormone; stress marker; psychosocial stress; TSST
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APA ·
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Perrine, B. L. (2018). The Influence of Stress on the Voice. (Doctoral Dissertation). Bowling Green State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1522269980727815
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Perrine, Brittany L. “The Influence of Stress on the Voice.” 2018. Doctoral Dissertation, Bowling Green State University. Accessed January 20, 2021.
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1522269980727815.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Perrine, Brittany L. “The Influence of Stress on the Voice.” 2018. Web. 20 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Perrine BL. The Influence of Stress on the Voice. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Bowling Green State University; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 20].
Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1522269980727815.
Council of Science Editors:
Perrine BL. The Influence of Stress on the Voice. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Bowling Green State University; 2018. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1522269980727815
Bowling Green State University
5.
Diaz, Raymond.
Primo Passaggio: Measures Associated with Different
Interpretations Sung by an Elite Soprano Performer.
Degree: MS, Communication Disorders, 2018, Bowling Green State University
URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1522530897483835
► The primo passaggio is the sequence of notes in a singer’s voice that typically differentiates the chest voice from the head voice. Negotiating the primo…
(more)
▼ The primo passaggio is the sequence of notes in a
singer’s voice that typically differentiates the chest voice from
the head voice. Negotiating the primo passaggio is an important
goal for classical singers to attain virtuosity. Register
transitions can be used to signify a character’s musico-dramatic
intention. The primary aim of the study was to observe the acoustic
and aerodynamic adjustments that an elite soprano performer makes
when vocally creating contrasting interpretations of the same lines
from the standard operatic canon. This was an exploratory study
with a single participant, a soprano who currently performs at the
Metropolitan Opera in NYC. Short excerpts from two operas were the
focal points of the study. The excerpts were sung to show contrast
in intentional registration shifts through the primo passaggio.
Analyses were of simultaneously recorded wideband airflow,
microphone, and EGG signals. The two interpretations for each
excerpt varied the perceived amount of chest and head registration
according to the performer. The main findings were that (1) large
formant changes for the intended vowels of the excerpts accompanied
the interpretation choices, resulting in large spectral differences
for the “same vowels” in the score; (2) the more “provocative”
interpretations were sung in less time; (3) vibrato extent and rate
were varied selectively for specific vowels, but on average were
similar between interpretations; (4) typically the average airflow
was greater in the interpretations that were considered more
“indirect” and would be produced “aside” on stage; (5) the more
provocative interpretations had greater airflow spikes (peaks)
relative to consonant production, suggesting subglottal pressure
control; (6) the primary example of a registration shift from head
to chest register was accompanied by a severe drop in airflow
suggesting a significant rise in laryngeal airflow resistance; (7)
a primary indication of intent for one of the interpretations was a
large variation in the intensity for emphasis. The research
suggests that there is a need to study interpretation consequences
on the objective measures in singing, the findings giving greater
understanding of basic processes of phonation and communication
intent, and basic pedagogical information to guide singers to valid
interpretation practices.
Advisors/Committee Members: Scherer, Ronald (Advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Acoustics; Communication; Fine Arts; Music; Music Education; Performing Arts; Pedagogy; Speech Therapy; Theater; larynx; voice; phonation; voice science; aerodynamics; registration; interpretation of song; emotion; head voice; chest voice
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APA (6th Edition):
Diaz, R. (2018). Primo Passaggio: Measures Associated with Different
Interpretations Sung by an Elite Soprano Performer. (Masters Thesis). Bowling Green State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1522530897483835
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Diaz, Raymond. “Primo Passaggio: Measures Associated with Different
Interpretations Sung by an Elite Soprano Performer.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Bowling Green State University. Accessed January 20, 2021.
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1522530897483835.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Diaz, Raymond. “Primo Passaggio: Measures Associated with Different
Interpretations Sung by an Elite Soprano Performer.” 2018. Web. 20 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Diaz R. Primo Passaggio: Measures Associated with Different
Interpretations Sung by an Elite Soprano Performer. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Bowling Green State University; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 20].
Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1522530897483835.
Council of Science Editors:
Diaz R. Primo Passaggio: Measures Associated with Different
Interpretations Sung by an Elite Soprano Performer. [Masters Thesis]. Bowling Green State University; 2018. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1522530897483835
6.
May, Nicholas A.
Aerodynamic Consequences of a Pneumotachograph Mask
Leak.
Degree: MS, Communication Disorders, 2016, Bowling Green State University
URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1467847573
► Studies in airflow during speech production typically use a pneumotachographic mask system placed upon the face to measure the expired airflows. Accurate measures of airflow…
(more)
▼ Studies in airflow during speech production typically
use a pneumotachographic mask system placed upon the face to
measure the expired airflows. Accurate measures of airflow require
mask calibration and a complete seal of the mask rim to the face.
Literature frequently cites mask rim leaks as causing flow measure
inaccuracies, but quantitative studies of inaccuracies are needed.
The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of inaccuracy
of flow measurement using a Glottal Enterprises aerodynamic system
for a variety of leak sizes. The primary hypothesis was that the
greater the air leak cross sectional area at the rim of the mask,
the greater the reduction in measured flows through the mask (and
therefore the greater the error in measuring the upstream airflow).
A range of airflows was both pushed and pulled through the Glottal
Enterprises mask system with leaks being simulated by metal tubes
of various cross-sectional areas. Two leak locations
(bridge-of-nose and corner-of-mouth), single vs. multiple leaks,
and two different leak geometries (rectangular and elliptical) were
studied. Results suggest the following conclusions: (1) As leak
area increases, the amount of leak flow increases; (2) the amount
of flow leak is not independent of location; (3) given equivalent
leak area, multiple leak locations provide more airflow resistance
and less leak flow; (4) elliptical tubes were found to be more
resistive to airflow than rectangular tubes. A general equation was
obtained that relates the amount of flow reduction (the leak flow)
to the rim leak cross sectional area and the upstream flow:
Leak(cc/s) = 0.4125*Area(cm2)*Flow(cc/s), for airway flow in the
range of ±2000 cc/s. This equation may provide researchers and
clinicians in the field with a tool for generalizing airflow leak
effects.
Advisors/Committee Members: Scherer, Ronald (Advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Speech Therapy; Fluid Dynamics; mask leak; mask seal; pneumotachograph; aerodynamic measurement; voice and speech; measurement error; speech language pathology; voice science; clinical measurement
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
May, N. A. (2016). Aerodynamic Consequences of a Pneumotachograph Mask
Leak. (Masters Thesis). Bowling Green State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1467847573
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
May, Nicholas A. “Aerodynamic Consequences of a Pneumotachograph Mask
Leak.” 2016. Masters Thesis, Bowling Green State University. Accessed January 20, 2021.
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1467847573.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
May, Nicholas A. “Aerodynamic Consequences of a Pneumotachograph Mask
Leak.” 2016. Web. 20 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
May NA. Aerodynamic Consequences of a Pneumotachograph Mask
Leak. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Bowling Green State University; 2016. [cited 2021 Jan 20].
Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1467847573.
Council of Science Editors:
May NA. Aerodynamic Consequences of a Pneumotachograph Mask
Leak. [Masters Thesis]. Bowling Green State University; 2016. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1467847573
7.
Konnai, Ramya Mohan.
Whisper and Phonation: Aerodynamic Comparisons across
Adduction and Loudness Levels.
Degree: PhD, Communication Disorders/Speech-Language
Pathology, 2012, Bowling Green State University
URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1332778603
► The purpose of the present project was to compare the aerodynamics of whisper and phonation. The novel aspect was to have subjects produce both…
(more)
▼ The purpose of the present project was to
compare the aerodynamics of whisper and phonation. The novel aspect
was to have subjects produce both whisper and phonation for nine
different conditions, three qualities relative to levels of
adduction (breathy, normal, and pressed) and three levels of
loudness (soft, medium, and loud). The study reports subglottal
pressure (Ps), airflow (F), and laryngeal flow resistance (Rf, the
ratio Ps/F) for all conditions. Three males and five females
between 20 and 30 years of age whispered and phonated smooth
syllable strings of /baep/. This resulted in 18 treatment
combinations (i.e., 3 adductions x 3 loudness levels x 2 genders).
A regression analysis was performed using a Proc-mixed procedure
with SAS statistical software. Results relative
to laryngeal source (phonation vs. whisper): Ps was not
significantly different between whisper and phonation (except for
the breathy soft condition in females, where Ps was greater in
phonation). Flow typically was higher for whisper than phonation
(except for soft conditions, where flow was about the same). Rf
tended to be greater for phonation than for whisper for females,
but not for males (where Rf was about the same between phonation
and whisper). Results relative to loudness: Ps
increased with loudness (soft, medium, loud) at each of the three
adduction levels for both phonation and whisper. Flow tended to
increase with loudness in whisper at each level of adduction, but
flow results were varied for phonation. In phonation, Rf increased
with loudness at each level of adduction, but there was no general
pattern for whisper (being relatively constant across loudness
levels for each gender). Results relative to
adduction: Ps increased from normal to breathy to pressed at each
level of loudness for phonation, and similarly for whisper (except
Ps was about the same for normal and breathy whisper productions).
Breathy adduction had the greatest flow at each level of loudness
for both phonation and whisper. Flow was about the same in both
phonation and whisper for normal and pressed productions. Rf
increased from breathy to normal to pressed at each level of
loudness (although for whisper, Rf was similar for breathy and
normal productions). Results relative to gender:
Ps tended to be higher in males than females for all nine
conditions for phonation and whisper. Males tended to have greater
flow for phonation but lower flow for whisper for all conditions.
Males produced greater Rf values for whisper across adduction, but
lower Rf values (relatively small differences, however) for
phonation across adduction levels. While there
are some clear and understandable trends for the aerodynamic
measures relative to changes in loudness and adduction for whisper,
phonation, and gender, the results are best taken as testable
hypotheses for future research.
Advisors/Committee Members: Scherer, Ronald (Advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Health Sciences; Whisper; phonation; loudness; adduction; aerodynamics
…feet
x 6.5 feet) in the voice physiology laboratory, Bowling Green State University. One…
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Konnai, R. M. (2012). Whisper and Phonation: Aerodynamic Comparisons across
Adduction and Loudness Levels. (Doctoral Dissertation). Bowling Green State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1332778603
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Konnai, Ramya Mohan. “Whisper and Phonation: Aerodynamic Comparisons across
Adduction and Loudness Levels.” 2012. Doctoral Dissertation, Bowling Green State University. Accessed January 20, 2021.
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1332778603.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Konnai, Ramya Mohan. “Whisper and Phonation: Aerodynamic Comparisons across
Adduction and Loudness Levels.” 2012. Web. 20 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Konnai RM. Whisper and Phonation: Aerodynamic Comparisons across
Adduction and Loudness Levels. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Bowling Green State University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 20].
Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1332778603.
Council of Science Editors:
Konnai RM. Whisper and Phonation: Aerodynamic Comparisons across
Adduction and Loudness Levels. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Bowling Green State University; 2012. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1332778603
8.
Whitfield, Jason A.
Pressures and Flows for a Convergent and Divergent Oblique
Glottis of 15 Degrees.
Degree: MS, Communication Disorders/Speech-Language
Pathology, 2012, Bowling Green State University
URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1333486868
► Current high-speed imaging of vocal fold motion has shown vibrational asymmetries in both individuals with and without voice disorders. However, empirical data regarding aerodynamic pressure…
(more)
▼ Current high-speed imaging of vocal fold motion has
shown vibrational asymmetries in both individuals with and without
voice disorders. However, empirical data regarding aerodynamic
pressure of asymmetric glottal configurations is limited. The
current investigation examined empirically derived intraglottal
pressures of left-right glottal asymmetry (obliquity) using the
static constant flow model, M5. Two cases, one convergent and one
divergent, having an obliquity of 15o were examined. Seven
diameters along with a range of transglottal pressure were studied
for each case. For both cases of obliquity, when the diameter was
small, the vocal folds were more aerodynamically entrained, with
each vocal fold having similar intraglottal pressures. As the
diameter increased, the aerodynamic coupling of the vocal folds
decreased, leading to cross channel pressure differences at glottal
entrance as large as 70% for the convergent Case I and 40% for the
divergent Case II. These aerodynamic differences may potentially
enhance out of phase motion of the vocal folds.These data suggest
that the aerodynamic effects of obliquity are highly dependent on
diameter and angle. Results from this study should be incorporated
into multimass computer simulation models to further examine the
dynamic effects of obliquity on vocal fold oscillation and glottal
flow.
Advisors/Committee Members: Scherer, Ronald (Advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Biomechanics; Biophysics; Civil Engineering; Engineering; Speech Therapy; Glottal Asymmetries; Vocal Fold Asymmetries; Vocal Fold Physiology; Glottal Aerodynamics; Vocal Fold Modeling
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APA (6th Edition):
Whitfield, J. A. (2012). Pressures and Flows for a Convergent and Divergent Oblique
Glottis of 15 Degrees. (Masters Thesis). Bowling Green State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1333486868
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Whitfield, Jason A. “Pressures and Flows for a Convergent and Divergent Oblique
Glottis of 15 Degrees.” 2012. Masters Thesis, Bowling Green State University. Accessed January 20, 2021.
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1333486868.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Whitfield, Jason A. “Pressures and Flows for a Convergent and Divergent Oblique
Glottis of 15 Degrees.” 2012. Web. 20 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Whitfield JA. Pressures and Flows for a Convergent and Divergent Oblique
Glottis of 15 Degrees. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Bowling Green State University; 2012. [cited 2021 Jan 20].
Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1333486868.
Council of Science Editors:
Whitfield JA. Pressures and Flows for a Convergent and Divergent Oblique
Glottis of 15 Degrees. [Masters Thesis]. Bowling Green State University; 2012. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1333486868
9.
Hunyady, Heather.
Vocal Sounds of the Chinchilla.
Degree: MS, Communication Disorders/Speech-Language
Pathology, 2008, Bowling Green State University
URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1206318183
► Purpose: The goal of this project was to categorize the fundamental frequency and durational patterns of chinchilla (laniger) vocal productions relative to typical interaction…
(more)
▼ Purpose: The goal of this project was to
categorize the fundamental frequency and durational patterns of
chinchilla (laniger) vocal productions relative to typical
interaction situations. Methods: This project
focused on 4 distinct call types: Exploratory, Contact, Bark, and
Alarm from three sources: doctoral dissertation supplements, pet
owner posts, and newly collected samples from a single chinchilla.
Praat was used to extract the fundamental frequency (F0) contour
from the recordings. Results: Primary
characteristics of the Exploratory utterances were: token Fo
contours had a rapid decrease in frequency (136 ST/s), (2) token
durations and token periods overlapped to a large extent across
animals, 77% of all tokens contained a final Fo up-sweep tag, and
utterances contained an average of 9 tokens. The
Contact utterances contained 2-4 Exploratory-like tokens preceding
a few transitional tokens, segueing into a sequence of the Contact
tokens, Fo contours were complex, variable, and low pitched
(300-800 Hz), there is a typical brief low Fo dip of less than an
octave from the preceding and following Fo, and the utterances
contained an average of approximately 7. Bark
utterances were characterized by a brief tonal segment followed by
a distinctive noise interval, an abrupt intensity onset followed by
a more gradual intensity offset, an increase in token period
duration across the utterance, an intensity decrease across the
tokens, with a variant of the Bark category including an
inspiratory tone preceding or following the token, and the
utterances contained an average of 6 tokens. The Alarm utterance
token was a high intensity call that included a large, very rapid
frequency jump, and maintained a high intensity
throughout.
Advisors/Committee Members: Scherer, Ronald (Advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Acoustics; Communication; Chinchilla; Communication; Bioacoustics; Fundamental Frequency
…at Bowling Green State
University and the animal was not harmed in any way.
Observational…
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APA (6th Edition):
Hunyady, H. (2008). Vocal Sounds of the Chinchilla. (Masters Thesis). Bowling Green State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1206318183
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Hunyady, Heather. “Vocal Sounds of the Chinchilla.” 2008. Masters Thesis, Bowling Green State University. Accessed January 20, 2021.
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1206318183.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Hunyady, Heather. “Vocal Sounds of the Chinchilla.” 2008. Web. 20 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Hunyady H. Vocal Sounds of the Chinchilla. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Bowling Green State University; 2008. [cited 2021 Jan 20].
Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1206318183.
Council of Science Editors:
Hunyady H. Vocal Sounds of the Chinchilla. [Masters Thesis]. Bowling Green State University; 2008. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1206318183
10.
Frazer, Brittany L.
Approximating Subglottal Pressure from Oral Pressure: A
Methodological Study.
Degree: MS, Communication Disorders/Speech-Language
Pathology, 2014, Bowling Green State University
URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1403711283
► The most frequently used method to estimate subglottal pressure noninvasively is to have a person smoothly utter CVCV; strings such that the subglottal pressure remains…
(more)
▼ The most frequently used method to estimate subglottal
pressure noninvasively is to have a person smoothly utter CVCV;
strings such that the subglottal pressure remains nearly constant
throughout the utterance of the string, as in smoothly saying
/p:i:p:i:p:i:/, and an oral pressure transducer is used to estimate
the subglottal air pressure during the vowels by measuring the oral
pressures during the consonants. The current investigation sought
to determine the accuracy of estimates of subglottal pressure for
various conditions, namely, whether or not the subjects are trained
in the use of a standard utterance, increasing syllable rate, using
a voiced /b/ instead of a voiceless /p/ initial syllable, adding a
lip or velar leak, or using a two syllable production instead of a
single syllable production. 10 subjects (5 males and 5 females)
volunteered for this study (results for 3 males and 3 females are
reported here). The subglottal pressure was estimated from the oral
pressure during lip occlusion, and the syllable rate and lip closed
quotient (the duration the lips are closed divided by the syllable
duration) were obtained for all subjects. Lip leak, velar leak, and
lack of time to equilibrate air pressure throughout the airway
caused estimates of subglottal pressure to be inaccurate. A wide
range of syllable rates provided relatively accurate results. In
addition, the use of the voiced initial consonant /b/ and the
two-syllable word "peeper" appeared to create acceptable estimates
of subglottal pressure from oral pressure. Training improved the
consistency of the oral pressure profiles and thus the assurance in
estimating the subglottal pressure. Numerous pressure profile
shapes during lip occlusion are discussed.
Advisors/Committee Members: Scherer, Ronald (Advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Speech Therapy; subglottal pressure; speech methodology; voice production; voice; speech aerodynamics; speech; oral air pressure; measurements of speech; multi-signal speech recordings; phonation; larynx; tracheal pressure; bilabial consonant
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Chicago ·
MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
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APA (6th Edition):
Frazer, B. L. (2014). Approximating Subglottal Pressure from Oral Pressure: A
Methodological Study. (Masters Thesis). Bowling Green State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1403711283
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Frazer, Brittany L. “Approximating Subglottal Pressure from Oral Pressure: A
Methodological Study.” 2014. Masters Thesis, Bowling Green State University. Accessed January 20, 2021.
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1403711283.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Frazer, Brittany L. “Approximating Subglottal Pressure from Oral Pressure: A
Methodological Study.” 2014. Web. 20 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Frazer BL. Approximating Subglottal Pressure from Oral Pressure: A
Methodological Study. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Bowling Green State University; 2014. [cited 2021 Jan 20].
Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1403711283.
Council of Science Editors:
Frazer BL. Approximating Subglottal Pressure from Oral Pressure: A
Methodological Study. [Masters Thesis]. Bowling Green State University; 2014. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1403711283
11.
Nandamudi, Srihimaja.
Aerodynamics of Vocal Vibrato.
Degree: PhD, Communication Disorders, 2017, Bowling Green State University
URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1499427478103556
► Airflow vibrato is the fluctuation in average airflow while singing with vibrato. Understanding airflow vibrato relates to a deeper understanding of its importance to…
(more)
▼ Airflow vibrato is the fluctuation in average
airflow while singing with vibrato. Understanding airflow vibrato
relates to a deeper understanding of its importance to
physiological, pedagogical, and clinical aspects. Two studies were
performed to examine airflow vibrato. The subjects for Study 1 were
four professional Western classical singers, and for Study 2 four
highly trained amateur singers. Aerodynamic and acoustic measures
were compared among vibrato, bleating (a primarily adductory
gesture), and external epigastric pumping (EEP, a primarily
subglottal pressure manipulation). Utterances included speaking
(phonation and whisper) and singing (constant /a/ vowel, different
pitches and loudness levels). Study 1
demonstrated how airflow vibrato compares with fundamental
frequency (F0) and intensity vibrato. The correlation between rates
of airflow and F0 vibrato was moderately strong. Mean airflow
vibrato extents were larger for the female singers than for the
male singers, and increased with pitch increase for all four
singers. For the males, average airflow extent was 30 and 75 cm3/s
for their lower and higher pitch, respectively, and for the
females, 47 cm3/s and 94 cm3/s for their lower and higher pitch,
respectively. Study 2 was undertaken to better
understand sources of airflow vibrato. Airflow modulations were
produced during singing with vibrato and also while bleating and
with external epigastric pumping. Bleating had the fastest
alteration rate (9.5-12 Hz), whereas the other types had similar
rates (vibrato: 4.8-6.0 Hz; EEP: 6.0–7.5 Hz). During phonation
(combining all conditions), bleating had the largest airflow
modulation extents (on average 144 cm3/s, compared to 30 cm3/s for
vibrato and 46 cm3/s for EEP). Overall results
suggest that airflow vibrato typically leads F0 vibrato, and often
has a more complex waveshape than F0 vibrato. Hypotheses generated
from the study include: (1) A primarily subglottal pressure driven
vibrato may provide relatively consistent but wide extents for both
F0 and airflow vibrato. (2) A primarily glottal adduction driven
vibrato may provide relatively low and inconsistent F0 vibrato
extent, and high and inconsistent airflow extent. (3) A primarily
CT driven vibrato may result in moderate to large F0 vibrato
extent, and low airflow vibrato extent, with variable consistency.
Advisors/Committee Members: Scherer, Ronald (Advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Health Sciences; Music; Speech Therapy; Airflow vibrato; Aerodynamics; Singing voice; Vibrato; Bleat; External epigastric pumping; Electroglottography; Intensity vibrato; Fundamental frequency vibrato; Western classical singing
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APA (6th Edition):
Nandamudi, S. (2017). Aerodynamics of Vocal Vibrato. (Doctoral Dissertation). Bowling Green State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1499427478103556
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Nandamudi, Srihimaja. “Aerodynamics of Vocal Vibrato.” 2017. Doctoral Dissertation, Bowling Green State University. Accessed January 20, 2021.
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1499427478103556.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Nandamudi, Srihimaja. “Aerodynamics of Vocal Vibrato.” 2017. Web. 20 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Nandamudi S. Aerodynamics of Vocal Vibrato. [Internet] [Doctoral dissertation]. Bowling Green State University; 2017. [cited 2021 Jan 20].
Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1499427478103556.
Council of Science Editors:
Nandamudi S. Aerodynamics of Vocal Vibrato. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Bowling Green State University; 2017. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1499427478103556
12.
Bretl, Michelle Mary.
Steadiness of Singing Scales by Untrained Adult
Females.
Degree: MS, Communication Disorders, 2018, Bowling Green State University
URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1522340508253471
► As a singer, register transitions can be challenging to navigate. A singer must perceive where the transition is occurring and apply adjustments to smooth the…
(more)
▼ As a singer, register transitions can be challenging
to navigate. A singer must perceive where the transition is
occurring and apply adjustments to smooth the transition. Within
register transitions, one may experience various types of vocal
instabilities. The primary aim of this research was to study the
production mechanisms characterizing vocal instabilities in the
untrained female singer. This was an exploratory study that
included five untrained female singers who produced “normal” octave
scales as well as scales as smoothly as they could. Simultaneous
recordings of airflow, microphone, and EGG signals were analyzed.
The scales were divided into three groups based on the perceptual
consensus of level of smoothness. Unsteady scales contained aphonic
segments, abrupt registration fluctuations, obvious intensity
changes, and unexpected fundamental frequency (fo) variations.
Subtler unsteady scales exhibited noticeable but “understated”
quality changes, increased speed of fo changes or overshoots, and
smaller yet evident intensity variations. The participants often
produced perceivably smooth scales with minimal instability.
Results suggest that untrained female singers are capable of
producing perceptually smooth scales across register transitions.
However, within some of these perceptually smooth scales, subtle
changes and disturbances were noticed that result in the perception
of minor instabilities. These subtleties are often seen more
clearly within the airflow signal, EGG signal shifts, and fo rate
of change than are aurally perceptible. For the unsteady scales,
the more obvious instabilities were seen within nearly all
measures, most notably in the airflow, fo, and intensity contours,
and EGG waveform width and height. This study offers insights into
a wider range of steadiness of vocal production where objective
recordings reveal subtle changes that are difficult to
hear.
Advisors/Committee Members: Scherer, Ronald (Advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Speech Therapy; Music; singing; untrained singer; electroglottography; aerodynamics; voice science; acoustics
…Laboratory, Bowling Green State
University. Each of the five participants went through a short…
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MLA ·
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Export
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Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Bretl, M. M. (2018). Steadiness of Singing Scales by Untrained Adult
Females. (Masters Thesis). Bowling Green State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1522340508253471
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Bretl, Michelle Mary. “Steadiness of Singing Scales by Untrained Adult
Females.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Bowling Green State University. Accessed January 20, 2021.
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1522340508253471.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Bretl, Michelle Mary. “Steadiness of Singing Scales by Untrained Adult
Females.” 2018. Web. 20 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Bretl MM. Steadiness of Singing Scales by Untrained Adult
Females. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Bowling Green State University; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 20].
Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1522340508253471.
Council of Science Editors:
Bretl MM. Steadiness of Singing Scales by Untrained Adult
Females. [Masters Thesis]. Bowling Green State University; 2018. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1522340508253471
13.
Rae, Rebecca C.
Measures of Voice Onset Time: A Methodological Study.
Degree: MS, Communication Disorders, 2018, Bowling Green State University
URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1522356095329958
► The current investigation aimed to compare four different measurement approaches for the determination of voice onset time for the six English stop consonants, where VOT…
(more)
▼ The current investigation aimed to compare four
different measurement approaches for the determination of voice
onset time for the six English stop consonants, where VOT is
defined as the "burst to onset of phonation". The signals of
interest were the wideband airflow, microphone, electroglottograph,
and the spectrographic display. A primary question was whether the
use of the wideband airflow signal results in shorter VOT
measurements. Two adult males and two adult females produced
"CV-the-CV" utterances (e.g.,"pa the pa") containing the six
English stop consonants across two conditions, habitual vs. clear
speech. Visual measurements were from the burst to the initial
detection of phonation (IDP). The wideband airflow gave the
shortest VOT measures. For habitual speech and for the voiceless
stop consonants, the airflow signal revealed glottal airflow
oscillations on average of 1.7 ms sooner than the microphone
signal, 8.1 ms sooner than the EGG signal, and 13.6 ms sooner than
spectrographic formant detection. The VOT differences between the
airflow and microphone signals were not significant. For voiced
stop consonants, the airflow signal typically also gave similar
values of VOT as the microphone signal, and on average 6 ms sooner
than the formant excitation and 5 ms sooner than the
electroglottograph signal. The study emphasizes the finding that
the initial detection of phonation often appears earlier after the
consonant burst for the wideband airflow and microphone signals in
comparison to the electroglottograph and spectrographic
signals.
Advisors/Committee Members: Scherer, Ronald (Advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Speech Therapy; Physiology; voice onset time; VOT; stop consonants; measurement approach; methodology; airflow; wideband airflow; aerodynamic measures; electroglottography; spectrogram; oscillogram; micophone signal
…reviewed and approved (approval number 1046800-2) by the
Bowling Green State University…
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APA ·
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MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Rae, R. C. (2018). Measures of Voice Onset Time: A Methodological Study. (Masters Thesis). Bowling Green State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1522356095329958
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Rae, Rebecca C. “Measures of Voice Onset Time: A Methodological Study.” 2018. Masters Thesis, Bowling Green State University. Accessed January 20, 2021.
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1522356095329958.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Rae, Rebecca C. “Measures of Voice Onset Time: A Methodological Study.” 2018. Web. 20 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Rae RC. Measures of Voice Onset Time: A Methodological Study. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Bowling Green State University; 2018. [cited 2021 Jan 20].
Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1522356095329958.
Council of Science Editors:
Rae RC. Measures of Voice Onset Time: A Methodological Study. [Masters Thesis]. Bowling Green State University; 2018. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1522356095329958
Bowling Green State University
14.
Tan, Haidee Lynn Chua.
An Acoustic and Aerodynamic Study of Diatonic Scale Singing
in a Professional Female Soprano.
Degree: MS, Communication Disorders, 2009, Bowling Green State University
URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1230147213
► The purpose of this study was to describe the acoustic and aerodynamic characteristics of diatonic scale singing at different tempi in a professional female soprano.…
(more)
▼ The purpose of this study was to describe the acoustic
and aerodynamic characteristics of diatonic scale singing at
different tempi in a professional female soprano. The classically
trained singer sang ascending-descending ninth scales on /a/ in the
F# major key at five different tempi – slow, moderately slow,
moderately fast, fast, and fastest. All scales were performed with
a moderate loudness level and with a pre-determined metronome
marking. Tempo was controlled in order to determine whether
differences existed between scales that were sung at a comfortable
tempo and scales that were sung at an uncomfortable tempo. The slow
(1 note = 104 beats / minute), moderately fast (2 notes = 92 beats
/ minute), and fastest (4 notes = 92 beats / minute) tempi were
designated as comfortable because they were typically performed
with integer multiple vibrato cycles per note. The moderately slow
(2 notes = 72 beats / minute) and fast (4 notes = 69 beats /
minute) tempi were designated as potentially uncomfortable because
the note durations were not integer multiples of the singer’s
typical vibrato cycle period. There were a total of 5
ascending-descending scales analyzed in this study, one for each
tempo. The results of the study strongly suggested trends in the
acoustic and aerodynamic measures when tempo and scale direction
were controlled. The following observations were noted: 1)mean
fundamental frequency (F0) was higher in the descending notes than
the corresponding ascending notes, 2)average F0 vibrato extent
decreased as tempo increased, 3)mean note intensity was greatest at
the highest notes and lowest at the lowest notes of the scale,
4)secondary intensity peaks were observed at the third (A#4) or
fourth (B4) notes of both the ascending and descending portions of
the scale, 5)airflow was greatest at the lowest notes of the scale
and lowest at the highest notes of the scale, and 6)average airflow
vibrato extent decreased as tempo increased. Distinctive trends
were not observed between the two tempo categories (comfortable and
uncomfortable). However, except for the slowest tempo, scales sung
at a comfortable tempo demonstrated greater regularity in the
number of vibrato cycles per note than scales sung at an
uncomfortable tempo. The secondary intensity peaks observed in the
scales suggest a tuning of the second harmonic partial with the
first formant of /a/. Higher airflows at lower notes and lower
airflows at higher notes suggest greater laryngeal flow resistance
and greater glottal adduction at the higher notes. It is
hypothesized that F0 and airflow vibrato extent may have decreased
with tempo increase because the singer applied a control strategy
of less variation of subglottal pressure, cricothyroid contraction,
and glottal adduction as the tempo increased.
Advisors/Committee Members: Scherer, Ronald (Advisor).
Subjects/Keywords: Speech Therapy; singing; scales; diatonic scales; florid singing; acoustic; aerodynamic; soprano; fast singing; fast passages; rapid note change; classical singing; western classical singing; tempo change; fast singing; fundamental frequency
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APA ·
Chicago ·
MLA ·
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CSE |
Export
to Zotero / EndNote / Reference
Manager
APA (6th Edition):
Tan, H. L. C. (2009). An Acoustic and Aerodynamic Study of Diatonic Scale Singing
in a Professional Female Soprano. (Masters Thesis). Bowling Green State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1230147213
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Tan, Haidee Lynn Chua. “An Acoustic and Aerodynamic Study of Diatonic Scale Singing
in a Professional Female Soprano.” 2009. Masters Thesis, Bowling Green State University. Accessed January 20, 2021.
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1230147213.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Tan, Haidee Lynn Chua. “An Acoustic and Aerodynamic Study of Diatonic Scale Singing
in a Professional Female Soprano.” 2009. Web. 20 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Tan HLC. An Acoustic and Aerodynamic Study of Diatonic Scale Singing
in a Professional Female Soprano. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Bowling Green State University; 2009. [cited 2021 Jan 20].
Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1230147213.
Council of Science Editors:
Tan HLC. An Acoustic and Aerodynamic Study of Diatonic Scale Singing
in a Professional Female Soprano. [Masters Thesis]. Bowling Green State University; 2009. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1230147213
Bowling Green State University
15.
Li, Jun.
Intraglottal Glottal Pressure Distributions for Three
Oblique Glottal Angles.
Degree: MS, Physics, 2010, Bowling Green State University
URL: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1277146314
► Glottal obliquity occurs when the centerline of the glottis is not vertical, a consequence of oscillations of the vocal folds that are not mirror images…
(more)
▼ Glottal obliquity occurs when the centerline of the
glottis is not vertical, a consequence of oscillations of the vocal
folds that are not mirror images of each other. This study examined
the intraglottal surface pressure distributions for three cases of
obliquity: 2.5, 5, and -3.75 degrees, relatively small oblique
angles. These correspond to included glottal angles that are
convergent, uniform, and divergent, respectively. The Plexiglas
model M5 of the laryngeal airway with rectangular glottal ducts and
insertable vocal fold pieces was used to obtain the pressure
distributions. Glottal diameter and transglottal pressure were
primary parameters for each obliquity case. The glottal diameters
were 0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.16, and 0.32 cm. The pressure
distributions ranged from 3-25 cm H2O for most cases. For each
diameter, pressures were measured along both the flow wall (to
which the flow jet adheres or was directed) and the non-flow wall
(the side opposite the flow wall). Results indicate that the small
angle obliquity cases studied here suggest significant pressure
distribution differences compared to the symmetric glottis of the
same included angle for the following conditions: for the
convergent glottis for medium and large diameters; for the uniform
glottis for small and for large diameters. However, there was
little effect on pressure distributions for the divergent glottis,
for small diameters for the convergent glottis, and for medium
diameters for the uniform glottis. Relative to diameter change,
strong effects were found. As the diameter was reduced, the
pressure distributions rose both upstream and in the glottis for
the uniform glottis, and increased in the glottis for the
convergent glottis. For the divergent glottis, reducing the
diameter moved the minimal pressure downstream to the minimal
diameter location, and increased the pressures on the inferior
vocal fold surfaces. In addition, when the airflow is shifted to
change which wall is the flow wall, this shifts the minimal
pressure and the shape of the pressure distributions. Pressure on
the flow wall is typically lower than the pressure on the non-flow
wall. In general, the effects of obliquity, diameter, and flow-wall
alter the intraglottal surface pressure distributions to create
different forces on the vocal folds. Further computer modeling
needs to be performed to determine the specific oscillatory
consequences (magnitude and symmetry of motion) of the effects
found here.
Advisors/Committee Members: Fulcher, Lewis (Committee Chair), Scherer, Ronald (Committee Co-Chair).
Subjects/Keywords: Physics; glottal obliquity; vocal folds; intraglottal pressure distributions; convergent; uniform; divergent; Plexiglas model M5; glottal diameters; flow wall; non-flow wall; pressure distribution differences; symmetric glottis
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APA (6th Edition):
Li, J. (2010). Intraglottal Glottal Pressure Distributions for Three
Oblique Glottal Angles. (Masters Thesis). Bowling Green State University. Retrieved from http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1277146314
Chicago Manual of Style (16th Edition):
Li, Jun. “Intraglottal Glottal Pressure Distributions for Three
Oblique Glottal Angles.” 2010. Masters Thesis, Bowling Green State University. Accessed January 20, 2021.
http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1277146314.
MLA Handbook (7th Edition):
Li, Jun. “Intraglottal Glottal Pressure Distributions for Three
Oblique Glottal Angles.” 2010. Web. 20 Jan 2021.
Vancouver:
Li J. Intraglottal Glottal Pressure Distributions for Three
Oblique Glottal Angles. [Internet] [Masters thesis]. Bowling Green State University; 2010. [cited 2021 Jan 20].
Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1277146314.
Council of Science Editors:
Li J. Intraglottal Glottal Pressure Distributions for Three
Oblique Glottal Angles. [Masters Thesis]. Bowling Green State University; 2010. Available from: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1277146314
. 
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