+publisher:"Addis Ababa University" +contributor:("Dr. Solomon Gebre-Selassie")

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Addis Ababa University

1. Deresse, Daka. BACTERIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF COW MILK IN HAWASSA TOWN, SNNPRS ETHIOPIA .

Degree: 2012, Addis Ababa University

URL: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/2904

► Abstract Modern dairy processing is a recent phenomenon in Ethiopia for the very reason that the country has not been producing enough milk at commercial… (more)

▼ Abstract Modern dairy processing is a recent phenomenon in Ethiopia for the very reason that the country has not been producing enough milk at commercial scale. The establishment of state owned and private dairy farms in big cities resulted in the realization of the few dairy processing plants. In addition to poor transport system and infrastructure of the country, the dairy processing plants are located far away from farms. This is further aggravated by other facts like poor dairy management, poor milking hygiene and lack of good milk cooling and transport facilities and therefore the quality of milk is greatly depreciated by the time it arrives to processing plants. Thus, the specific objectives of the study are to assess the bacteriological quality of raw milk from the farm to the processing plant, to determine the bacteriological quality of pasteurized milk, to identify public health important bacteria from the raw and pasteurized milk and to identify the critical control points through the milk collection and processing practices. The study was conducted mainly bacteriological quality tests and bacteriological isolation and identification of sampled milk at different points before pasteurization and at different time points of pasteurized milk and subordinately used questionnaire. Detailed microbiological analysis was carried out on selected pathogens of public health importance. For selection of the samples, simple random sampling technique was used. The data to be generated from the questionnaire and the laboratory tests were summarized and analyzed using appropriate descriptive and analytical statistics. As the result of the study showing that 326 bacterial strains were isolated from CCP1 up to CCP6. There was different species of bacteria in different HACCP levels of milk. In CCP1, there were 51 bacteria of different species and in CCP2, CCP3, CCP4, CCP5 and CCP6, was 64, 73, 80, 20, and 38 respectively. The predominant bacteria species in all (CCP1-CCP5) levels of the milk was S. aureus which accounts 14(27.5%), 20(31.3%), 21(28.8%), 17(21.3%), and 6(30.0%) respectively. In line with this the remedial solution for aforementioned identified findings the effective drugs was Ciprofloxacin, Gentamycin, TMP-SMZ, and Ceftriaxone, whereas, Ampicillin and Penicillin were resistant for many of Advisors/Committee Members: Selassie%22%29&pagesize-30">Dr. Solomon Gebre-Selassie (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: milk; bacterial plate count,; coliforms; milk hygiene,; raw milk,; pasteurized milk; antibiotic sensitivity.

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Deresse, D. (2012). BACTERIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF COW MILK IN HAWASSA TOWN, SNNPRS ETHIOPIA . (Thesis). Addis Ababa University. Retrieved from http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/2904

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Deresse, Daka. “BACTERIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF COW MILK IN HAWASSA TOWN, SNNPRS ETHIOPIA .” 2012. Thesis, Addis Ababa University. Accessed April 13, 2021. http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/2904.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Deresse, Daka. “BACTERIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF COW MILK IN HAWASSA TOWN, SNNPRS ETHIOPIA .” 2012. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Deresse D. BACTERIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF COW MILK IN HAWASSA TOWN, SNNPRS ETHIOPIA . [Internet] [Thesis]. Addis Ababa University; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/2904.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Deresse D. BACTERIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF COW MILK IN HAWASSA TOWN, SNNPRS ETHIOPIA . [Thesis]. Addis Ababa University; 2012. Available from: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/2904

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Addis Ababa University

2. HAFTOM, HADUSH. HEPATITIS C VIRUS AND HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) COINFECTION AMONG ATTENDANTS OF VOLUNTARY COUNSELING AND TESTING CENTER AND HIV FOLLOW UP CLINICS OF MEKELLE HOSPITAL, MEKELLE, NORTH ETHIOPIA .

Degree: 2012, Addis Ababa University

URL: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/2913

► Background: Because of shared routes of transmission, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is common in Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons. HIV and HCV coinfection is… (more)

▼ Background: Because of shared routes of transmission, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is common in Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons. HIV and HCV coinfection is major global health concern. However, limited data of this coinfection are available in Ethiopia. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the magnitude of HIV/HCV coinfection rate and to assess if sociodemographic characteristics and potential risk factors are associated with HCV seropositivity in consecutive attendants of voluntary counseling and testing (VCT) center and HIV follow up clinics of Mekelle hospital. Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional survey was carried out on VCT center and HIV follow up attendees from December 2010 to January 2011. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data on demographic information and risk factors associated with HCV infection. The rapid immuno-chromatographic test was applied for detection of HCV antibodies. Results: Out of a total of 300 consecutive attendants, 135 were VCT center clients and 165 were HIV follow up cases. There were more females 181 (60.3%) than males, 119 (39.7%). The overall anti-HCV prevalence was 6.0% (18/300, 95% CI= 3.6%-9.3%). There were no significant differences in HCV seroprevalence among the different categories of age and sex (p> 0.05). Of the 174 persons with HIV, 16 (9.2%) cases had antibodies to HCV, where as among 126 HIV negative subjects, 2 (1.58%) were HCV seropositive (p= 0.006, OR= 6.28, 95% CI= 1.42-27.82). Accordingly, there was a significant difference in sero-positivity of HCV between HIV positive and HIV negative participants. No apparent risk factor that caused HCV infection was inferred from this study (p>0.05). Conclusion: This study showed a significant percentage of HCV infection in HIV positive cases. Hence, with emphasis given to HIV positive cases screening for HCV infection has importance. Based on the result obtained, recommendations were forwarded to build up nationwide hospital and community-based surveys of HIV/HCV coinfection so that to decipher the prevalence with the possible risk factors and to increase public awareness about this dual disease. Advisors/Committee Members: Selassie%22%29&pagesize-30">Dr. Solomon Gebre-Selassie (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: HCV; prevalence; follow up cliMekelle; HIV hospital; VCT center; prevalence; VCT center; coinfection

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

HAFTOM, H. (2012). HEPATITIS C VIRUS AND HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) COINFECTION AMONG ATTENDANTS OF VOLUNTARY COUNSELING AND TESTING CENTER AND HIV FOLLOW UP CLINICS OF MEKELLE HOSPITAL, MEKELLE, NORTH ETHIOPIA . (Thesis). Addis Ababa University. Retrieved from http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/2913

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

HAFTOM, HADUSH. “HEPATITIS C VIRUS AND HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) COINFECTION AMONG ATTENDANTS OF VOLUNTARY COUNSELING AND TESTING CENTER AND HIV FOLLOW UP CLINICS OF MEKELLE HOSPITAL, MEKELLE, NORTH ETHIOPIA .” 2012. Thesis, Addis Ababa University. Accessed April 13, 2021. http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/2913.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Vancouver:

HAFTOM H. HEPATITIS C VIRUS AND HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) COINFECTION AMONG ATTENDANTS OF VOLUNTARY COUNSELING AND TESTING CENTER AND HIV FOLLOW UP CLINICS OF MEKELLE HOSPITAL, MEKELLE, NORTH ETHIOPIA . [Internet] [Thesis]. Addis Ababa University; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/2913.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

HAFTOM H. HEPATITIS C VIRUS AND HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) COINFECTION AMONG ATTENDANTS OF VOLUNTARY COUNSELING AND TESTING CENTER AND HIV FOLLOW UP CLINICS OF MEKELLE HOSPITAL, MEKELLE, NORTH ETHIOPIA . [Thesis]. Addis Ababa University; 2012. Available from: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/2913

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Addis Ababa University

3. YONAS, HAILESELASSIE. ASSESSMENT OF IMMUNOPATHOGENIC RISK MARKERS FOR HIV ASSOCIATED NEPHROPATHY (HIVAN) IN ETHIOPIA .

Degree: 2012, Addis Ababa University

URL: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/2915

► Background: HIV-1 infected patients are at risk of developing several types of chronic kidney disease, of which HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) is the most prevalent. HIVAN… (more)

▼ Background: HIV-1 infected patients are at risk of developing several types of chronic kidney disease, of which HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) is the most prevalent. HIVAN is typically a complication of late stage HIV infection, associated with low CD4 cell counts and elevated serum HIV RNA levels. HIVAN is characterized: clinically by severe proteinuria and renal failure, and pathologically by a collapsing form of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), which rapidly progresses to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in at risk individuals. Susceptibility to ESRD among HIV-infected individual, has been attributed to MYH9 E-1 and APOL1 G1 and G2 genetic variation. We determined the frequency of MYH9 E-1 and APOL1 G1 and G2 risk variants together with the prevalence of HIVAN among HIV infected individuals of Ethiopian population to determine whether the kidney disease genetic risk is all African or restricted to West Africa, and can explain the previously reported low risk of HIVAN among Ethiopians. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess immunopathogenic risk markers for HIV- Associated Nephropathy in Ethiopia Methods: We studied a cohort of 200 HIV-infected individuals (120 patients already on ART and 80 ART naïve patients) who were treated in ART clinic of Tikur Anbessa Teaching Hospital. We sought clinical evidence for HIVAN (serum creatinine > 1.4 mg/dl or proteinuria > 30 mg/dl at a spot urine sample). Genetic analyses include the genotyping of the MYH9 E-1 risk haplotype and APOL1 G1 and G2 risk markers (variants). Statistical analysis compared clinical and genetic indices for HIV-infected individuals of Ethiopian population and overall Ethiopians, in comparison to those reported for HIV-infected African Americans, overall African Americans, West Africans and non-Africans. Results: In our study, none of the HIV-infected patients of Ethiopian populations showed clinical criteria for HIVAN. This absence of clinically apparent HIVAN was statistically significant difference from that reported for African Americans. The genetic indices showed that, 56% of HIV infected individuals of Ethiopians carried the MYH9 E-1 risk haplotype. This frequency of MYH9 E-1 risk haplotype is almost consistent with the frequency reported for African Americans and West Africans. The frequency of APOL1 G1 and G2 risk variants viii were zero percent in all of the 200 HIV-infected individuals of Ethiopian population. Global ancestry and the frequencies of the G1 and G2 APOL1 risk variants are not statistically different from their frequencies in the general Ethiopian population, but are significantly and dramatically lower than those observed among HIV-infected African Americans, overall African Americans and West Africans. Conclusion: Although 56% of HIV infected individuals of Ethiopian populations have MYH9 E-1 risk haplotype and that seems consistent with the previously reported African Americans and West African populations risk for HIVAN, the coinciding absence of HIVAN and the APOL1 risk variants (G1 and G2) among… Advisors/Committee Members: Selassie%22%29&pagesize-30">Dr. Solomon Gebre-Selassie (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Proteinuria; Serum creatinine; APOL1 G1 and G2 risk Markers; MYH9 E-1 risk haplotype; ESRD; HIVAN

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

YONAS, H. (2012). ASSESSMENT OF IMMUNOPATHOGENIC RISK MARKERS FOR HIV ASSOCIATED NEPHROPATHY (HIVAN) IN ETHIOPIA . (Thesis). Addis Ababa University. Retrieved from http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/2915

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

YONAS, HAILESELASSIE. “ASSESSMENT OF IMMUNOPATHOGENIC RISK MARKERS FOR HIV ASSOCIATED NEPHROPATHY (HIVAN) IN ETHIOPIA .” 2012. Thesis, Addis Ababa University. Accessed April 13, 2021. http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/2915.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

YONAS, HAILESELASSIE. “ASSESSMENT OF IMMUNOPATHOGENIC RISK MARKERS FOR HIV ASSOCIATED NEPHROPATHY (HIVAN) IN ETHIOPIA .” 2012. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

YONAS H. ASSESSMENT OF IMMUNOPATHOGENIC RISK MARKERS FOR HIV ASSOCIATED NEPHROPATHY (HIVAN) IN ETHIOPIA . [Internet] [Thesis]. Addis Ababa University; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/2915.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

YONAS H. ASSESSMENT OF IMMUNOPATHOGENIC RISK MARKERS FOR HIV ASSOCIATED NEPHROPATHY (HIVAN) IN ETHIOPIA . [Thesis]. Addis Ababa University; 2012. Available from: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/2915

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Addis Ababa University

4. Nigatu, Endalafer. susceptibility patterns in surgical wards and surgical Intensive care unit (SICU) of Tikur Anbessa University Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Degree: 2012, Addis Ababa University

URL: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/2934

► Background: Nosocomial infections are defined as infections which are not present or not incubating when the patient is hospitalized and are acquired during hospital stay.… (more)

▼ Background: Nosocomial infections are defined as infections which are not present or not incubating when the patient is hospitalized and are acquired during hospital stay. Sign and symptoms of the infection may be evident during hospitalization or after discharge related to the length of the incubation period. It is usually defined as an infection that is identified at least 48-72 hours following admission to health institution. Infections acquired in hospital are likely to complicate illness, cause anxiety and discomfort, and can lead to death. Nosocomial infection is a global problem with multi facet out comes. The problem is well pronounced in developing countries. Epidemiological and etiological characteristics of nosocomial infections show variations among countries and even among different hospitals in the same country. Many of these infections are associated with micro-organisms that are resistant to multiple antibiotics and can easily spread on the hands of personnel. The most frequent types of nosocomial infections are urinary-tract infection, surgical-wound infection, pneumonia, and bloodstream infection. At present, the emergence of resistance to antimicrobial agents is a global public health problem, particularly in pathogens causing nosocomial infections. Antimicrobial resistance results in increased morbidity, mortality and health-care costs. Objective: To determine the prevalence, etiological agents and drug susceptibility pattern of nosocomial infections at Tikur Anbessa University Hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2007 to April 2008 at Tikur Anbessa University Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. During the study, all adult patients admitted to surgical wards and SICU with suspected of nosocomial infection were included. Among 854 patients admitted to surgical wards and SICU, 215 patients selected based on their clinical ground, after a careful clinical examination. Clinical samples were collected from the study subject and analyzed accordingly. Results: Eight hundred fifty four patients admitted to surgical ward and SICU between June 2007 and April 2008 to Tikur Anbessa University Hospital in Addis Ababa were studied for prevalence of nosocomial infections. A total of 215(25.2%) patients, were selected based on their clinical grounds from surgical wards (n=161) and SICU (n=54). The mean hospital stay from the date of admission until sample collection was 16.72 days with a range of 3 to 66 days. Of the 215 patients, 130(60.5%) were males and 85 (39.5%) were females. A total of nine percent (77/854) patients were confirmed to have nosocomial infections. Of the 77 patients, 51(66.2%) were males and 26(33.8%) females. The distribution of nosocomial infections among positive cases was surgical site infection 38(49.4%), urinary tract infections 23(29.8%) and blood stream infection 16(20.8%). The Gram-positive and negative bacteria accounted for 23/84(23.4%) and 61/84(72.6%) respectively. A total of 84 bacterial pathogens (strains) were isolated, E. coli accounted for 19.0% of… Advisors/Committee Members: Selassie%22%29&pagesize-30">Dr. Solomon Gebre-Selassie (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Nosocomial infection, Surgical Site Infection,; Intensive Care Unit; Urinary Tract Infection; Blood Stream Infection

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Nigatu, E. (2012). susceptibility patterns in surgical wards and surgical Intensive care unit (SICU) of Tikur Anbessa University Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. (Thesis). Addis Ababa University. Retrieved from http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/2934

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Nigatu, Endalafer. “susceptibility patterns in surgical wards and surgical Intensive care unit (SICU) of Tikur Anbessa University Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. ” 2012. Thesis, Addis Ababa University. Accessed April 13, 2021. http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/2934.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Nigatu, Endalafer. “susceptibility patterns in surgical wards and surgical Intensive care unit (SICU) of Tikur Anbessa University Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. ” 2012. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Nigatu E. susceptibility patterns in surgical wards and surgical Intensive care unit (SICU) of Tikur Anbessa University Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Internet] [Thesis]. Addis Ababa University; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/2934.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Nigatu E. susceptibility patterns in surgical wards and surgical Intensive care unit (SICU) of Tikur Anbessa University Hospital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [Thesis]. Addis Ababa University; 2012. Available from: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/2934

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Addis Ababa University

5. Sintayehu, Fekadu. ASSESSMENT OF DISINFECTANT AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT BACTERIA IN HOSPITAL WASTEWATER, SOUTH ETHIOPIA .

Degree: 2012, Addis Ababa University

URL: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/2909

► vii Abstract Background: Large quantities of antibiotics and disinfectants are used in hospitals for patient care and disinfection process, respectively. These products are partially metabolized… (more)

▼ vii Abstract Background: Large quantities of antibiotics and disinfectants are used in hospitals for patient care and disinfection process, respectively. These products are partially metabolized and residual quantities reach hospital wastewater, exposing bacteria to wide range of biocides that could act as selective pressure for development of resistance. Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess disinfectant and antibiotic resistant bacteria in Yirg Alem and Hawassa hospitals effluents. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2010-February 2011 in hospital wastewater. A total of 24 composite samples were collected on weekly basis for bacteriological analysis and susceptibility testing. Indicator organisms, pathogenic and potentially pathogenic bacteria were determined and isolated on selective bacteriologic media. Disinfectant activity was evaluated in use-dilution for tincture iodine, sodium hypochlorite and 70% ethanol and MIC was determined by agar dilution method. Similarly antibiotic susceptibility test were performed using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. All methods were used according to standard methods for examination of water and wastewater. Results: Pathogenic (Salmonella, Shigella and S. aureus) and potentially pathogenic (E. coli) bacteria were detected from effluents of both hospitals. Activity of disinfectant in use-dilution demonstrated tincture-iodine as the most effective agent, followed by sodium hypochlorite and the least active was 70% ethanol. MIC for ethanol against S. aureus and gram negative rods from Yirg Alem hospital (YAH) showed 4 and 3.5 log reduction, respectively. Similarly 3.8 and 3.2 log reduction were observed for S. aureus and gram negative rods from Hawassa University Referral Hospital (HURH), respectively. Salmonella isolates from YAH effluent were resistance to Ceftriaxone, Tetracycline and Doxycycline, whereas from HURH effluent were resistant to the above three antibiotics and Gentamycin too. S. aureus from YAH effluent was resistant to Penicillin, Ampicillin and Amoxicillin, whereas from HURH was resistant to the above three antibiotics and Gentamycin too. Conclusion: Hospital effluents tested contain antibiotic resistant bacteria which are released to receiving water bodies resulting in huge public health threat. Advisors/Committee Members: Selassie%20%28MD%2C%20MSc%29%22%29&pagesize-30">Dr. Solomon Gebre-Selassie (MD, MSc) (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: antibiotics,; biocides; disinfectants, heterotrophic count,; hospital effluent,; hospital influent; indicator; minimum inhibitory concentration, most probable number

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Sintayehu, F. (2012). ASSESSMENT OF DISINFECTANT AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT BACTERIA IN HOSPITAL WASTEWATER, SOUTH ETHIOPIA . (Thesis). Addis Ababa University. Retrieved from http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/2909

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Sintayehu, Fekadu. “ASSESSMENT OF DISINFECTANT AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT BACTERIA IN HOSPITAL WASTEWATER, SOUTH ETHIOPIA .” 2012. Thesis, Addis Ababa University. Accessed April 13, 2021. http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/2909.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Sintayehu, Fekadu. “ASSESSMENT OF DISINFECTANT AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT BACTERIA IN HOSPITAL WASTEWATER, SOUTH ETHIOPIA .” 2012. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Sintayehu F. ASSESSMENT OF DISINFECTANT AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT BACTERIA IN HOSPITAL WASTEWATER, SOUTH ETHIOPIA . [Internet] [Thesis]. Addis Ababa University; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/2909.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Sintayehu F. ASSESSMENT OF DISINFECTANT AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANT BACTERIA IN HOSPITAL WASTEWATER, SOUTH ETHIOPIA . [Thesis]. Addis Ababa University; 2012. Available from: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/2909

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Addis Ababa University

6. Martha, Tibebu. PREVALENCE OF TUBERCULOSIS AMONG DAIRY FARM WORKERS IN ADDIS ABABA AND ITS SUBURBS .

Degree: 2012, Addis Ababa University

URL: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/2918

► Background: Dairy farm workers (DFWs) are at the interface between the inter-transmission of human tuberculosis (TB) to cattle and zoonotic TB to humans. DFWs in… (more)

▼ Background: Dairy farm workers (DFWs) are at the interface between the inter-transmission of human tuberculosis (TB) to cattle and zoonotic TB to humans. DFWs in and around Addis Ababa work in settings where the overall individual animal and herd prevalence of TB are reported to be 33% and 57% respectively. Objective: The main objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of TB and associated factors among DFW’s in Addis Ababa and the surrounding suburban areas. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among DFWs in Addis Ababa and the 5 main suburban districts by using a structured and pretested questionnaire to collect the data. Individuals with symptom complex of TB were subjected to meticulous physical examination, radiographic and laboratory investigations. Samples were collected for bacteriologic analysis and inoculated on to Lowenstein Jensen culture media followed by genus typing, all at Armauer Hansen Research Institute. Field and laboratory data were double entered, cleaned and verified using Access, 2007; analysis was done using SPSS software version 16. We computed the adjusted odds ratios, the 95% CI and p-values at a significance level of <0.05 by using logistic regression. Ethical clearance and written informed consents were obtained before data collection. Results: A total of 256 voluntary participants were included. Out of these, 12 TB suspects and 3 DFW TB cases were identified. The prevalence of TB among DFWs was found to be 1.172 %. DFWs who consumed raw animal products were about 4 times more likely to manifest the symptom complex of TB than those consuming cooked products (AOR= 3.8, 95 % CI: 1.08- 13.29, P=0.03). Only 20.3% DFWs knew the main routes of transmission of TB between humans and cattle. DFWs who had knowledge about the routes of transmission of TB were found to be 3.7 times more likely to have the symptom complex of TB compared to those who do not know the routes of transmission of TB (AOR=3.7, 95 % CI: 1.12 - 12.23, p=0.03). Conclusions and Recommendations: Our analysis revealed the prevalence of TB among DFWs in Addis Ababa and its suburbs to be 2.4 times higher than the national average; policy makers and stakeholders need to design a program aiming early DFW TB case detection and prevention of spread of TB to all susceptible hosts. Advisors/Committee Members: Selassie%20%28MD%2C%20MSC%29%22%29&pagesize-30">Dr Solomon Gebre-Selassie (MD, MSC) (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Tuberculosis; M. bovis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex; M. tuberculosis; Dairy farm

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Martha, T. (2012). PREVALENCE OF TUBERCULOSIS AMONG DAIRY FARM WORKERS IN ADDIS ABABA AND ITS SUBURBS . (Thesis). Addis Ababa University. Retrieved from http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/2918

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Martha, Tibebu. “PREVALENCE OF TUBERCULOSIS AMONG DAIRY FARM WORKERS IN ADDIS ABABA AND ITS SUBURBS .” 2012. Thesis, Addis Ababa University. Accessed April 13, 2021. http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/2918.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Martha, Tibebu. “PREVALENCE OF TUBERCULOSIS AMONG DAIRY FARM WORKERS IN ADDIS ABABA AND ITS SUBURBS .” 2012. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Martha T. PREVALENCE OF TUBERCULOSIS AMONG DAIRY FARM WORKERS IN ADDIS ABABA AND ITS SUBURBS . [Internet] [Thesis]. Addis Ababa University; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/2918.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Martha T. PREVALENCE OF TUBERCULOSIS AMONG DAIRY FARM WORKERS IN ADDIS ABABA AND ITS SUBURBS . [Thesis]. Addis Ababa University; 2012. Available from: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/2918

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Addis Ababa University

7. Yared, Hailaye. Hepatitis B virus infection among HIV infected individuals with and without antiretroviral therapy in North Shoa Zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia .

Degree: 2012, Addis Ababa University

URL: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/2921

► Background- The introduction of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) has greatly decreased morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected individuals. In this regard, HBV co infection with… (more)

▼ Background- The introduction of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) has greatly decreased morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected individuals. In this regard, HBV co infection with HIV is becoming a major challenge. Because of shared routes of transmission, 90% of people living with HIV have serological markers of HBV infection and 5-15% of them chronically infected with Hepatitis B Virus. Conditions associated with hepatitis B infection are currently among the leading causes of hospital admission and recent studies have shown increasing rates of liver disease and related death among those with HIV. The impact of co-infection is especially apparent in regions with widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) where HBV co infection increase hepatotoxicity of HAART and delay immune recovery Objective- To determine the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among HIV/infected individuals attending care and treatment services in North Shoa zone Methods – A Cohort study was conducted in North Shoa zone from November 2010 to May 2011.HIV infected individuals who were grouped into antiretroviral treatment initiated and Pre- treatment follow up were included in the study. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected from patient interview, intake form, follow up form and medical record review using structured questionnaire. HBV sero-status was determined by testing presence of Hepatitis B surface antigen using 100ul of serum or plasma detected by SD BIOLINE HBsAg rapid kit confirmed with AxSYM HBsAg(V2) confirmatory test from blood collected for patients follow up. Levels of Alanine transaminase and Aspartate transaminase enzymes and CD4+ count were recorded from laboratory registry and patient follow up forms. Usage of HAART was included to assess if treatment change the natural history of HBV infection. Comparison groups were HBV positive antiretroviral receiving patients and HBV positive antiretroviral Naïve ones. VI Results- The cumulative prevalence of HBsAg in HIV infected individuals was 3.9%.The prevalence was higher in ART initiated than Pre-ART groups, 5.3% and 2.6%, respectively. Despite the difference is not significant. Sex was independently associated with HBsAg prevalence (P=0.03). Males were in increased risk of developing a positive HBsAg test result. (RR=2.32 95%CI: 1.09, 4.96) HBV/HIV co infection was a strong predictor of sharp drop in CD4 cell recovery before starting ART (RR=3.98 95%CI: 1.02,15.48) There was no significant difference observed in the rate of immune recovery and incidence of hepatotoxicity between hepatitis B virus Co-infected and non infected individuals after initiation of ART. Hepatitis B Co-infected individuals isolated were found to be in the chronic Hepatitis B stage with low or moderate Alanine and Aspartate transaminases levels. (41.5IU/L) Conclusion- The prevalence of hepatitis B infection is higher in ART initiated individuals than Pre-ART. Neither HBsAg sero positivity nor a particular ART regimen affect immune recovery in ART… Advisors/Committee Members: Selassie%20%28MD%2C%20MSc%2CAssociate%20professor%29%22%29&pagesize-30">Dr. Solomon Gebre-Selassie (MD, MSc,Associate professor) (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: Hepatitis B virus infection

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

Yared, H. (2012). Hepatitis B virus infection among HIV infected individuals with and without antiretroviral therapy in North Shoa Zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia . (Thesis). Addis Ababa University. Retrieved from http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/2921

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

Yared, Hailaye. “Hepatitis B virus infection among HIV infected individuals with and without antiretroviral therapy in North Shoa Zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia .” 2012. Thesis, Addis Ababa University. Accessed April 13, 2021. http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/2921.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

Yared, Hailaye. “Hepatitis B virus infection among HIV infected individuals with and without antiretroviral therapy in North Shoa Zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia .” 2012. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

Yared H. Hepatitis B virus infection among HIV infected individuals with and without antiretroviral therapy in North Shoa Zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia . [Internet] [Thesis]. Addis Ababa University; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/2921.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

Yared H. Hepatitis B virus infection among HIV infected individuals with and without antiretroviral therapy in North Shoa Zone, Amhara region, Ethiopia . [Thesis]. Addis Ababa University; 2012. Available from: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/2921

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Addis Ababa University

8. DANIEL, MEKONNEN. PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS: A COMPARATIVE CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY AT WOLDIYA GENERAL HOSPITAL ETHIOPIA .

Degree: 2012, Addis Ababa University

URL: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/2932

► Background: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection and its sequelae (cirrhosis and liver cancer) are major global health problems. Overall prevalence in Ethiopia varies from 4.7-16.8%… (more)

▼ Background: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection and its sequelae (cirrhosis and liver cancer) are major global health problems. Overall prevalence in Ethiopia varies from 4.7-16.8% for HBsAg and 70-76.4% for at least one marker positive. During recent years evidence has accumulated that in patients with diabetes mellitus, phagocytosis by polymorpho nuclear leukocytes is impaired and disturbances in cell-mediated immune responses can be demonstrated. Cell-mediated immunity is involved in the defense against viruses as well as in that against Mycobacterium and Fungi. However, no increased incidence of viral infections like HBV has yet been reported in patients with diabetes. Objective: To determine the prevalence of HBsAg in patients with diabetes mellitus and to compare those with the non diabetes. It also asses associated factors and liver function tests (LFT); and compare Diabetic and non Diabetic subjects; and HBV positive and negative participants. Methods: The study was a comparative cross sectional study design conducted at Woldiya General Hospital using 108 consented study populations from each study group during the period November, 2010 through January, 2011. A convenience sampling method was used. A total of 216 samples were tested for HBsAg serostatus using VISITECT HBsAg rapid test kit and LFT tests using Humastat 80 chemistry analyzer. Data entered to SPSS-16 and then analyzed using the same soft ware. Multivariate logistic regression was used to see the association of HBV with clinical history of participants and sociodemographic variables. All tests were two-sided with α-level of 0.05 and 80% power. Results: prevalence of HBsAg was equal between diabetes and non diabetes, 3.7% indicating that there was no difference between the two groups. No any Sociodemographic and clinical history of participants were associated with HBV infection (p>0.05) except chronic liver disease. Conclusion: In this study a positive relation was not indicated between HBV and Diabetes and DM in the study area did not predisposed to HBV infection than the rest of the population. Advisors/Committee Members: Selassie%20%28MD%2C%20M.Sc%29%22%29&pagesize-30">Dr Solomon Gebre-Selassie (MD, M.Sc) (advisor).

Subjects/Keywords: hepatitis B virus; prevalence,association

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APA · Chicago · MLA · Vancouver · CSE | Export to Zotero / EndNote / Reference Manager

APA (6^th Edition):

DANIEL, M. (2012). PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS: A COMPARATIVE CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY AT WOLDIYA GENERAL HOSPITAL ETHIOPIA . (Thesis). Addis Ababa University. Retrieved from http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/2932

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Chicago Manual of Style (16^th Edition):

DANIEL, MEKONNEN. “PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS: A COMPARATIVE CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY AT WOLDIYA GENERAL HOSPITAL ETHIOPIA .” 2012. Thesis, Addis Ababa University. Accessed April 13, 2021. http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/2932.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

MLA Handbook (7^th Edition):

DANIEL, MEKONNEN. “PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS: A COMPARATIVE CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY AT WOLDIYA GENERAL HOSPITAL ETHIOPIA .” 2012. Web. 13 Apr 2021.

Vancouver:

DANIEL M. PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS: A COMPARATIVE CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY AT WOLDIYA GENERAL HOSPITAL ETHIOPIA . [Internet] [Thesis]. Addis Ababa University; 2012. [cited 2021 Apr 13]. Available from: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/2932.

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

Council of Science Editors:

DANIEL M. PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS: A COMPARATIVE CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY AT WOLDIYA GENERAL HOSPITAL ETHIOPIA . [Thesis]. Addis Ababa University; 2012. Available from: http://etd.aau.edu.et/dspace/handle/123456789/2932

Note: this citation may be lacking information needed for this citation format:
Not specified: Masters Thesis or Doctoral Dissertation

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